Browse Articles

Gate- and flux-tunable sin(2φ) Josephson element with planar-Ge junctions

Fecal microbiota transplantation to prevent acute graft-versus-host disease: pre-planned interim analysis of donor effect

Fast single atom imaging for optical lattice arrays

The 40S ribosomal subunit recycling complex modulates mitochondrial dynamics and endoplasmic reticulum - mitochondria tethering at mitochondrial fission/fusion hotspots

High-resolution fleezers reveal duplex opening and stepwise assembly by an oligomer of the DEAD-box helicase Ded1p

Mechanisms of multidrug resistance caused by an Ipi1 mutation in the fungal pathogen Candida glabrata

Physical unclonable in-memory computing for simultaneous protecting private data and deep learning models

Suppressing Jahn-Teller distortion of MnO2 via B-Ni dual single-atoms integration for methane catalytic combustion

Liquid-based encapsulation for implantable bioelectronics across broad pH environments

Diversity-oriented synthesis of stereodefined tetrasubstituted alkenes via a modular alkyne gem-addition strategy

Abstract Stereocontrolled construction of tetrasubstituted olefins has been an attractive issue yet remains challenging for synthetic chemists. In this manuscript, alkynyl selenides, when treated with ArBCl2, are subject to an exclusive 1,1-carboboration, affording tetrasubstituted alkenes with excellent levels of E-selectivity. Detailed mechanistic studies, supported by DFT calculations, elucidates the role of selenium in this 1,1-addition process. Coupled with subsequent C-B and C-Se bond transformations, this 1,1-addition protocol constitutes a modular access to stereodefined all-carbon tetrasubstituted alkenes. The merit of this approach is demonstrated by programmed assembly of diverse functionalized multi-arylated alkenes, especially enabling the stereospecific synthesis of all six possible stereoisomers of tetraarylethene (TAE) derived from the random permutation of four distinct aryl substituents around the double bond. The diversity-oriented synthesis is further utilized to explore different TAE luminogenic properties and potential Se-containing antitumor lead compounds.

Epigenetic variation in light of population genetic practice

Abstract The evolutionary impact of epigenetic variation depends on its transgenerational stability and source - whether genetically determined, environmentally induced, or due to spontaneous, genotype-independent mutations. Here, we evaluate current approaches for investigating an independent role of epigenetics in evolution, pinpointing methodological challenges. We further identify opportunities arising from integrating epigenetic data with population genetic analyses in natural populations. Efforts to advance data quality, study design, and statistical treatment are encouraged to consolidate our understanding of the source of heritable epigenetic variation, quantify its autonomous potential for evolution, and enrich population genetic analyses with an additional layer of information.

A machine learning model the prediction of athlete engagement based on cohesion, passion and mental toughness

Early identification of dropouts during the special forces selection program

Ultra high density imaging arrays in diffuse optical tomography for human brain mapping improve image quality and decoding performance

Genetic analysis reveals the genetic diversity and zoonotic potential of Streptococcus dysgalactiae isolates from sheep

Abstract Streptococcus dysgalactiae (S. dysgalactiae ) is a common pathogen of humans and various animals. However, the phylogenetic position of animal S. dysgalactiae isolates and their zoonotic potential remain unclear. Most molecular epidemiological studies explicate beta-hemolytic streptococci according to their MLST and M protein gene (emm) types. Although human S. dysgalactiae isolates are relatively well characterized, the data concerning animal isolates are scarce. Here, we report the molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of S. dysgalactiae strains recovered from sheep and their genetic relationship with isolates from other animal hosts and humans. Overall, 11 PFGE pulsotypes, five MLST sequence types (STs), and two emm types were distinguished, with ST248 and stL1376 being the most prevalent, indicating genetic diversity among tested 17 ovine isolates. Some isolates exhibited resistance to doxycycline (59%), erythromycin (6%), ciprofloxacin (6%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (6%), harboring various resistance determinants. Phylogenetic analysis showed that studied ovine isolates grouped together with human S. dysgalactiae isolates from the cases of zoonotic infections. Moreover, some ovine isolates shared identical STs and emm gene sequences with human non-invasive and invasive S. dysgalactiae strains. These findings suggest a possible link between human and ovine isolates and indicate the zoonotic potential of this pathogen.

Imaging flow cytometry reveals the mechanism of equine arteritis virus entry and internalization

Abstract The process of viral entry into host cells is crucial for the establishment of infection and the determination of viral pathogenicity. A comprehensive understanding of entry pathways is fundamental for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Standard techniques for investigating viral entry include confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, both of which provide complementary qualitative and quantitative data. Imaging flow cytometry, which integrates the advantages of both methodologies, offers significant potential in virological studies. In this investigation, we employed imaging flow cytometry coupled with immunostaining to monitor the entry of equine arteritis virus EAV into Vero cells via the endosomal trafficking route. Analysis provided an insight into the early infection dynamics across thousands of cells, revealing statistically significant alterations in internalization and uncoating process. Moreover, we evaluated the effectiveness of two inhibitors targeting cellular factors involved in facilitating viral entry: ammonium chloride, which disrupts endocytosis, and camostat mesylate, which inhibits the activity of serine proteases. The results demonstrated a clear distinction between effective and ineffective inhibitors. This study highlighted the potential of imaging flow cytometry to advance the study of viral entry and the evaluation of antiviral agents.

Chemical evolution characteristics and influencing factors of groundwater in the saline and fresh water funnel area in Hengshui City, North China

Prognostic factors and outcomes of adjuvant and first-line metastatic treatments in melanoma a Turkish oncology group study

A curative effect evaluation of intensity-modulated radiation therapy combined with periorbital triamcinolone acetonide injection in treating thyroid eye disease patients with active extraocular muscle but low CAS

Abstract The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) combined with periorbital triamcinolone acetonide injection in treating thyroid eye disease (TED) patients with active extraocular muscle but low CAS. The retrospective observational study was conducted. A total of 156 eligible patients were selected from the TED patient database of the Ophthalmology Department of West China Hospital of Sichuan University. The patient’s relevant medical history was recorded, including gender, age of initial onset, onset eye, the interval between onset and the first visit to our hospital, extraocular muscle condition, smoking status, CAS, NOSPECS, thyroid function, symptoms and signs, and the condition of the affected extraocular muscle. We found that IMRT combined with periorbital triamcinolone acetonide injection has a good therapeutic effect on TED patients with low CAS but significant active extraocular muscles, and there is a significant improvement at 3 months after treatment. Thyroid function and CAS can affect the curative effect of IMRT. Patients with hyperthyroidism had worse effect than those with normal thyroid function. The higher the CAS, the better the effect.

Impact of single versus dual arterial supply on perfusion and function in finger replantation after complex hand injuries

Abstract Finger amputations following complex hand injuries (CHI) pose a significant challenge in hand surgery due to severe tissue trauma and neurovascular damage, necessitating precise arterial repair. While restoring arterial perfusion is critical, it remains unclear whether reconstructing both proper palmar digital arteries is required for optimal outcomes. This study evaluates whether restoring one or both arteries in finger replantation after complex injuries impacts perfusion and overall outcomes. In this retrospective, cross-sectional, follow-up study, we investigated patients with finger amputations following CHI admitted to the high-volume regional hand trauma center between January 2013 and December 2020. Perfusion has been assessed using FLIR thermal imaging and laser speckle contrast analysis. Functional outcomes and quality of life scores were measured using standardized questionnaires. Sensory assessments, along with pain and grip strength measurements were also conducted. A total of 31 patients were included in the study. Thermal imaging showed a significantly higher finger surface temperature in patients with two-artery reconstruction. Laser speckle contrast analysis confirmed better perfusion, though not statistically significant. Functional and quality-of-life scores were similar across groups, except for significantly improved temperature sensation in the two-artery group. In conclusion, reconstructing both arteries in finger replantation following CHI isn’t essential for good outcomes if one artery provides adequate perfusion, but dual reconstruction may improve perfusion and temperature sensation.