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Pressure-induced charge amorphisation in BiNiO3
Abstract The order or disorder of electrons is fundamental to materials properties and also provides simple analogues to the different states of matter. A charge ordered (CO) insulating state, analogous to a crystalline solid, is observed in many mixed valence materials. On heating, this melts to a charge liquid (metallic) phase, often with interesting associated physics and functions such as the Verwey transition of Fe 3 O 4 , colossal magnetoresistances in manganites (e.g., La 0.5 Ca 0.5 MnO 3 ), and superconductivity in K-doped BaBiO 3 . Here we report the observation of pressure induced charge amorphisation in a crystalline material. BiNiO 3 has charge distribution Bi 3+ 0.5 Bi 5+ 0.5 Ni 2+ O 3 with long range order of the Bi 3+ and Bi 5+ states at ambient pressure, but adopts another, structurally crystalline, but charge glassy, insulating phase at pressures of 4–5 GPa and temperatures below 200 K, before metallization above 6 GPa. This is analogous to the much-studied pressure induced amorphisations of many crystalline materials and melting is even observed at accessible pressure/temperature. BiNiO 3 provides fundamental insights to the study of amorphisation using charge states rather than atoms or molecules.
Analysis of human urinary extracellular vesicles reveals disordered renal metabolism in myotonic dystrophy type 1
Dimensional evolution of charge mobility and porosity in covalent organic frameworks
Abstract Covalent organic frameworks are an emerging class of covalently linked polymers with programmable lattices and well-defined nanopores. Developing covalent organic frameworks with both high porosity and excellent charge transport properties is crucial for widespread applications, including sensing, catalysis, and organic electronics. However, achieving the combination of both features remains challenging due to the lack of overarching structure-property correlations. Here, we report a strategy toward covalent organic frameworks with tunable dimensionality. The concept relies on splicing one-dimensional charge-conducting channels to form extended networks with tailorable substitution patterns. Such dimensional evolution and substitution control enable fine-tuning of electronic band structure, charge mobility, and porosity. According to surface-area characterization, high-frequency terahertz photoconductivity measurements, and theoretical calculations, the transition from one-dimensional to para-linked two-dimensional networks furnishes a substantial increase in surface area and a decrease in local charge mobility. The latter feature is assigned to substitution-induced electronic band flattening. A subtle balance of surface area (947 m2·g−1) and local charge mobility (49 ± 10 cm2·V−1·s−1) is achieved through the rational design of meta-linked analogs with mixed one-dimensional and two-dimensional superior nature. This work provides fundamental insights and new structural knobs for the design of conductive covalent organic frameworks.
Author Correction: Bioprinting of bespoke islet-specific niches to promote maturation of stem cell-derived islets
Structural basis for the allosteric activation of Lon by the heat shock protein LarA
Weakly Bound but Strongly Interacting: The Structures, Stabilities, and Dynamics of Osmium(II) Ethane, Propane, and Butane Complexes
Marine ecosystem role in setting up preindustrial and future climate
Abstract The ocean ecosystem is a vital component of the global carbon cycle, storing enough carbon to keep atmospheric CO2 considerably lower than it would otherwise be. However, this conception is based on simple models, neglecting the coupled land-ocean feedback. Using an interactive Earth system model, we show that the role ocean biology plays in controlling atmospheric CO2 is more complex than previously thought. Atmospheric CO2 in a new equilibrium state after the biological pump is shut down increases by more than 50% (163 ppm), lower than expected as approximately half the carbon lost from the ocean is adsorbed by the land. The abiotic ocean is less capable of taking up anthropogenic carbon due to the warmer climate, an absent biological surface pCO2 deficit and a higher Revelle factor. Prioritizing research on and preserving marine ecosystem functioning would be crucial to mitigate climate change and the risks associated with it.
Dynamic <i>In Vivo</i> Mapping of the Methylproteome Using a Chemoenzymatic Approach
Publisher Correction: Herpesviruses mimic zygotic genome activation to promote viral replication
Assessing the role of children in the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium using perturbation analysis
Abstract Understanding the evolving role of different age groups in virus transmission is essential for effective pandemic management. We investigated SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Belgium from November 2020 to February 2022, focusing on age-specific patterns. Using a next generation matrix approach integrating social contact data and simulating population susceptibility evolution, we performed a longitudinal perturbation analysis of the effective reproduction number to unravel age-specific transmission dynamics. From November to December 2020, adults in the [18, 60) age group were the main transmission drivers, while children contributed marginally. This pattern shifted between January and March 2021, when in-person education resumed, and the Alpha variant emerged: children aged under 12 years old were crucial in transmission. Stringent social distancing measures in March 2021 helped diminish the noticeable contribution of the [18, 30) age group. By June 2021, as the Delta variant became the predominant strain, adults aged [18, 40) years emerged as main contributors to transmission, with a resurgence in children’s contribution during September-October 2021. This study highlights the effectiveness of our methodology in identifying age-specific transmission patterns.
Ancient humans used bone tools one million years earlier than thought
p53 enhances DNA repair and suppresses cytoplasmic chromatin fragments and inflammation in senescent cells
Abstract Genomic instability and inflammation are distinct hallmarks of aging, but the connection between them is poorly understood. Here we report a mechanism directly linking genomic instability and inflammation in senescent cells through a mitochondria-regulated molecular circuit involving p53 and cytoplasmic chromatin fragments (CCF) that are enriched for DNA damage signaling marker γH2A.X. We show that p53 suppresses CCF accumulation and its downstream inflammatory phenotype. p53 activation suppresses CCF formation linked to enhanced DNA repair and genome integrity. Activation of p53 in aged mice by pharmacological inhibition of MDM2 reverses transcriptomic signatures of aging and age-associated accumulation of monocytes and macrophages in liver. Mitochondrial ablation in senescent cells suppresses CCF formation and activates p53 in an ATM-dependent manner, suggesting that mitochondria-dependent formation of γH2A.X + CCF dampens nuclear DNA damage signaling and p53 activity. These data provide evidence for a mitochondria-regulated p53 signaling circuit in senescent cells that controls DNA repair, genome integrity, and senescence- and age-associated inflammation, with relevance to therapeutic targeting of age-associated disease.
Sulfur-doping tunes p-d orbital coupling over asymmetric Zn-Sn dual-atom for boosting CO2 electroreduction to formate
Borrowing Hydrogen/Chiral Enamine Relay Catalysis Enables Diastereo- and Enantioselective β-C–H Functionalization of Alcohols
Retraction: Multi-sensor information fusion detection system for fire robot through back propagation neural network
Correction: A Progress-driven approach to cognitive outcomes after traumatic brain injury: A study protocol for advancing equity, diversity, and inclusion through knowledge synthesis and mobilization
Prevalence and associated factors of chronic kidney disease among diabetes mellitus patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health concern worldwide, especially among people with diabetes mellitus (DM), which is the main cause of morbidity and mortality. In Ethiopia, the burden of CKD on DM patients is compounded by a variety of socioeconomic and healthcare-related issues. Despite the increased risk of developing CKD in DM patients, comprehensive studies on the prevalence and associated factors of CKD in this population are rare. To address this gap, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and associated factors of CKD among DM patients in Ethiopia. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out through an investigation of published studies in Ethiopia. A systematic literature search was performed using electronic databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of CKD and the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval. The I² statistic was used to measure heterogeneity among the included studies, with a p-value < 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Publication bias was evaluated via a funnel plot and Egger’s test, and subgroup, sensitivity, and meta-regression analyses were also performed. Results Out of the 19 included studies, the estimated pooled prevalence of CKD among DM patients in Ethiopia was 18% (95% CI 14.0, 22.0). In addition, age ≥ 60 years (OR = 3.07, 95% CI: 2.44, 3.87), rural residence (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.95), duration of DM > 5 years (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.62, 3.77), proteinuria (OR = 3.30, 95% CI: 2.23, 4.88), HDL-C level < 40 mg/dL (OR = 3.08, 95% CI: 2.28, 4.16), and family history of CKD (OR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.62, 4.09) were factors significantly associated with the prevalence of CKD among DM patients. Conclusion The prevalence of CKD in Ethiopia was high, affecting nearly two in five individuals with diabetes. In addition, factors such as older age, rural residence, longer DM duration, positive proteinuria, lower HDL-C levels, and a family history of CKD were significantly associated with CKD prevalence. Therefore, targeted public health interventions, such as screening, education, and awareness programs, are highly recommended to mitigate this problem. Systematic review registrations PROSPERO (2024: CRD42024576958).
Retraction: Analysis of the pattern recognition algorithm of broadband satellite modulation signal under deformable convolutional neural networks
Unraveling image construction by modality: Corpus-based diachronic insights into the reports to the Party Congress of China
Recent years have witnessed a “discursive turn” in image construction studies. This article explores the linguistic features of image construction. We provide a corpus-based diachronic study of the distribution of modality in The Reports to the 16th to 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and unravel the role of the modal verbs in conceptualizing China’s images in The Reports. To analyze the national image, we need to understand how the various elements in The Reports, i.e., actors, actions, and situations, are not only depicted but also intricately interconnected in terms of volition, obligation, and prediction. The diverse national image profiles can be discerned through the lens of how the actors perceive the situations in relation to what is deemed desirable, committed, possible, important, and expected in the context of The Reports. The study finds that The Reports, based on the frequency, value, category and translation of the modal verbs, can project different image profiles of the nation, such as a reliable planner, a committed and powerful leader, and an active participant showing respect for others.