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Manganese‐Chelating L‐Serine Nanoarchitectures: Targeting Kidney Injury Molecule‐1 for Reversing Renal Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury via Senescence Regulation

ABSTRACT Oxidative stress is a central driver of renal ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury, and developing targeted antioxidant systems against it remains an unmet challenge. Here, we address this challenge by engineering a dual‐functional metal‐ion/L‐serine nanoarchitecture integrating two key components: precise kidney targeting via L‐serine's molecular recognition of the injury biomarker kidney injury molecule‐1 (Kim‐1), and bioinspired antioxidant catalysis through metal‐ion/amino‐acid‐coordinated enzyme mimicry. Through systematic screening of metal ions (Mg 2 + , Ca 2 + , Mn 2 + , Fe 3+ , Co 2 + , Cu 2 + , and Ce 3+ ), we identified Mn‐chelating L‐serine (L‐SerMn) as the optimal nanoarchitecture, displaying robust superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐ and catalase (CAT)‐like activities. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed stronger binding affinity of L‐SerMn to Kim‐1 compared to free L‐serine. In vitro, L‐SerMn protected renal tubular epithelial cells from hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)‐induced damage by functioning as a dual SOD/CAT mimic. In vivo, L‐SerMn achieved selective accumulation in injured kidneys via Kim‐1‐mediated targeting, enabling sustained restoration of redox homeostasis that ameliorated renal pathological injury. Mechanistically, L‐SerMn ameliorated renal I/R injury and blocked the acute kidney injury (AKI)‐chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition via suppression of cellular senescence, through regulating the JAK2‐STAT3 and p53 signaling pathways. This work elegantly integrates coordination chemistry and biomimetic enzymology for the rational design of organ‐targeted nanotherapeutics, offering a promising strategy against ischemic diseases.

High-performance ReS2 photodetectors with graphene auxiliary layers and NbSe2 electrodes

Photodetectors (PDs) are vital in optical communications, environmental monitoring, and military applications. At present, conventional PDs face challenges such as high dark current, which restricts their further development in high-performance photodetection. Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer advantages for next-generation photodetection due to their atomic thickness, defect-free surfaces, and gate-tunable bandgaps, which enable efficient channel modulation and ultralow dark current. This work presents a high-performance phototransistor that integrates topological semimetal NbSe2 source/drain electrodes and an underlying graphene (Gr) auxiliary layer to construct a ReS2/Gr heterojunction. The NbSe2 contacts mitigate Fermi-level pinning, while the underlying Gr auxiliary layer, not directly contacted by electrodes, significantly enhances device performance. At 14.9 mW/cm2 of light intensity and −20 V of gate voltage, the ReS2/Gr device shows a higher responsivity of 1261.59 mA/W, which is 1726% higher than that of the ReS2 device. Besides, the specific detectivity and external quantum efficiency (D* = 7.20 × 1011 Jones and EQE = 2.29 × 104%) are much larger than those of the ReS2 device (D* = 4.17 × 1010 Jones and EQE = 171%). The ReS2/Gr device also exhibits faster response speeds (trise = 32.5 μs, tfall = 45.7 μs) compared to the ReS2 device (trise = 3.23 ms, tfall = 4.27 ms), demonstrating a two-order-of-magnitude improvement in temporal response. Moreover, it shows excellent performance in optical communications and single-pixel imaging, successfully decoding an ASCII signal and capturing a high-contrast pattern. These results validate its potential for practical applications in optical communication and imaging, offering a representative demonstration for the optimization of 2D material PDs.

Health management practices in chronic traumatic brain injury rehabilitation: A scoping review protocol

Introduction Traumatic brain injury is increasingly recognized as a chronic condition requiring long-term rehabilitation and coordinated care beyond the acute phase. Across Europe, substantial variation exists in healthcare system organization, funding structures, and service delivery models, which may influence access to rehabilitation and long-term functional outcomes for adults with chronic moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. The objective of this scoping review protocol is to systematically characterize systemic factors and management practices that shape rehabilitation access, continuity of care, and recovery outcomes across European healthcare systems. This review will map published evidence on health management practices influencing chronic traumatic brain injury rehabilitation in Europe and identify gaps for future research. Methods and Analysis This review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, and CINAHL will identify studies published between 2018 and 2025 involving adults aged 18 years or older who are at least 1-year post-injury. Studies examining health management practices (i.e., individual, organization, and systemic factors) within European healthcare context will be included. Two reviewers will independently screen articles using predefined inclusion criteria and documented using a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews flow diagram. Data will be synthesized descriptively through tables, figures, and narrative summaries to map existing evidence and identify gaps in the literature.

Visible‐Light Mesoinoic Oxidopyrylium Ylide Photoswitches for Multicolor Photochromism and Dual‐λ Synergistic Photoclick Reactions with Dibenzo[ <i>b</i> , <i>f</i> ][1,4,5]Thiadiazepine‐Dioxide

ABSTRACT State‐of‐the‐art photoclick chemistry leverages photoswitches as dipole/dipolarophile sources for dynamic reactant recovery and spatiotemporal precision in complex environments. Despite rareness, dual‐wavelength (λ) synergy via two orthogonal photoswitch precursors promises dual‐λ accelerated reaction rates and higher‐dimensional control. Here, we introduce thiophene‐fused 2,3‐diaryl indenone epoxides (DIOs) that undergo P‐type photoswitching to mesoionic oxidopyrylium ylides (PYs as bistable photochromic dipole) controlled by visible light. These DIOs derivatives exhibit multicolor photochromism in polymer matrices under sequential irradiation, functioning as dynamic photochromic materials. By coupling the DIO⇌PY P‐type photoswitch with a unique T‐type photoswitch (thermally reversible), dibenzothiadiazepine‐dioxide (DBTDD) as a ring‐strain loadable dipolarophile, we develop a robust [5+2] photoclick reaction. Synergistic dual‐λ stimulation (405 + 445 nm) achieves a remarkable 27‐fold rate acceleration (up to 1.6 × 10 5 M −1 s − 1 ) and dual‐λ orthogonal photo‐control for protein labeling, outperforming the benchmarks, e.g., bicyclo[6.1.0]non‐4‐yn‐9‐ylmethanol (BCN‐OH) and dibenzothiadiazepine (DBTD). The P‐type photoisomerization mechanism of the DIO⇌PY system is clarified for the first time via theoretical calculations together with experimental validation, revealing competitive singlet/triplet diradical pathways during photo‐ring‐opening/closure cycles. Transition‐state analyses rationalize the superiority of DBTDD over DBTD in the [5+2] cycloaddition, offering mechanistic insights and principles for advancing the dual‐λ photoclick platform.

<i>In situ</i> surface etching-assisted deposition for module-level optimization of pSOT-MRAM with sub-nanometer perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

In perpendicular spin–orbit torque (SOT) magnetic random-access memory, the SOT-track and the perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (pMTJ) stack are typically deposited sequentially without vacuum break to minimize interfacial contamination. However, this requirement fundamentally limits interface engineering between the SOT-track and pMTJ, restricting independent optimization of each module and reducing process flexibility. This study demonstrates an in situ surface etching-assisted deposition (ISED) process that enables efficient interface engineering without sacrificing interfacial integrity. By integrating ion beam etching (IBE) and magnetron sputtering within a single vacuum system, the ISED process decouples the deposition of the SOT-track and pMTJ stack, enabling integrated module-level optimization. We demonstrate the ISED process using a β-W/CoFeB/MgO/Ta heterostructure. The IBE process effectively smoothed the β-W surface under optimized etching conditions, reducing surface roughness by 30.1%. Consequently, the ISED stack revealed a clear and smooth interface, leading to improved MgO crystallinity compared with the stack without ISED. The x-ray-based analyses confirmed that the ISED process modifies crystallinity and bonding of the β-W surface, reducing interface contamination and enhancing β-W/CoFeB bonding. The magnetic characterizations confirmed perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in ISED-processed stacks, both in the as-deposited sample and after annealing, even at sub-nanometer (down to 5 Å) CoFeB thicknesses. Moreover, ISED-processed stacks exhibited PMA after the β-W layer was exposed to ambient air prior to CoFeB/MgO deposition, underscoring its effective surface plasma cleaning capability.

Orbital-Ordering-Induced Two-Dimensional Valence Bond Solid in Nitride/Boron[3]Triangulene Crystals

High-density single nucleotide polymorphism markers analysis reveals the genetic diversity and population structure in tropical highland maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines

Genetic diversity is critical for crop improvement, germplasm conservation, and sustainable agriculture. It enables breeders to assess genetic relationships among germplasm, select suitable parents, and develop resilient varieties. In this study, a total of 11,203 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity of 93 maize inbred lines adapted to the East African tropical highlands. The results revealed moderate genetic diversity across the panel. Gene diversity, polymorphic information content (PIC), and genetic distance ranged from 0.10 to 0.67, 0.10 to 0.59, and 0.03 to 0.52, with mean values of 0.46, 0.40, and 0.44, respectively. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis identified 36,904 SNP pairs (7.5% of 487,225 comparisons) showing relatively strong LD ( r 2  ≥ 0.20), with an overall mean r 2 of 0.067. Genome-wide LD decayed to r 2  = 0.2 at approximately 93.82 kb, suggesting rapid decay and substantial historical recombination. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that 95% of the total variation resided within germplasm source groups, whereas 5% was attributed to differences among groups, indicating low to moderate genetic differentiation. Multivariate analyses, including neighbor-joining, principal component analysis, and population structure analysis, consistently grouped the lines into three clusters, which largely corresponded with pedigree information. The observed diversity highlights the presence of valuable alleles that can be harnessed in maize breeding to enhance productivity and resilience in highland environments. Furthermore, the identified SNP markers in this study provide a useful genomic resource for future studies, including marker-trait association studies aimed at identifying genomic regions underlying key agronomic traits and accelerate genetic improvement in challenging environments.

Outside Back Cover: Terminal Hydroxylated Side‐Chains Enhance Ionic‐Electronic Coupling Efficiency in Small‐Molecule Semiconductors (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 26/2026)

Edge-free continuous MTJ array enables robust skyrmion creation at scaled dimensions

Magnetic skyrmions in synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) systems are promising information carriers for next-generation spintronic devices owing to their nanoscale size, high stability, and minimized magnetic stray fields. For high-density stationary integration, the SAF architecture is essential to eliminate dipolar crosstalk between adjacent memory cells. However, as conventional discrete magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) structures are scaled down to achieve such high densities, strong edge-induced effects emerge, leading to increased voltage thresholds for skyrmion nucleation and reduced nucleation speed. Our micromagnetic studies show that Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction boundary constraints at discontinuous edges create a size-dependent energy peak, significantly impacting skyrmion nucleation in scaled nanodevices. To overcome this limitation, we propose a voltage-controlled continuous MTJ (C-MTJ) device array featuring a shared SAF free-layer design that eliminates magnetic boundaries. By suppressing edge-effect-induced constraints, the C-MTJ architecture enables smooth energy evolution and rapid, deterministic skyrmion creation even at scaled dimensions. These findings establish the C-MTJ array as a scalable and energy-efficient platform for high-density skyrmion-based memory and logic applications.

Syringic acid pretreatment potentiates antioxidant mechanism and downregulates inflammatory signaling towards doxorubicin-related oxidoinflammatory hepatorenal damage in rats

GARN3: A coarse-grained helix centered technique for RNA 3D structures prediction

The study of predicting three-dimensional structures of RNA (ribonucleic acids) has increased over the last few decades, especially with advances in artificial intelligence. Despite these advances, there are still many gaps. Among the known techniques, the GARN (Game Algorithms for RNa 3D sampling) framework has demonstrated good performance on large RNA molecules. Nevertheless, the GARN technique also left room for improvement in the final 3D structures of predicted molecules, which can be further refined by including additional elements, also known as pseudoatoms. We present GARN3, an extension of GARN2 in which additional pseudoatoms are placed along helices to improve the granularity of 3D models, and a machine learning component is incorporated into the scoring function to estimate interaction distances. In our experiments, GARN3 achieved RMSD values comparable to or better than those of several existing RNA 3D structure prediction methods. TM-score evaluations indicate that GARN3 achieves a consistent global structural accuracy across multiple molecules, comparable to that of several existing methods. Relative to previous versions of GARN, GARN3 lowers the RMSD on most molecules in Test Set A and remains competitive on Test Set B (CASP targets), while providing a finer coarse-grained representation; performance is particularly consistent on large RNA structures. The implementation of the GARN3 technique is publicly available at https://github.com/jhonatans01/garn3 , written and executable in Java.

Alloy‐Regulated Heterointerface Engineering for Kinetics‐Driven Sulfur Redox in Li‐S Batteries

ABSTRACT Lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries offer exceptional theoretical energy density, yet their practical deployment is fundamentally constrained by sluggish sulfur redox kinetics and persistent shuttle of polysulfides. Here, we report a NiMo‐alloy‐assisted quantitative heterointerface engineering strategy that regulates the phase balance, interfacial abundance, and electronic coupling in Mo 2 C/MoC heterostructures. By tuning the Ni/Mo ratio as a continuous control parameter, NiMo incorporation drives controlled Mo 2 C→MoC phase reconstruction to maximize the density and accessibility of catalytically active Mo 2 C/MoC heterointerfaces, while the resulting NiMo domains primarily function as a structural modulator and metallic electron‐transport pathway, complementing the conductive nitrogen‐doped carbon framework. In situ/ex situ characterizations and density functional theory calculations reveal Mo 2 C/MoC heterointerfaces intrinsically exhibit the most favorable polysulfide adsorption strength and the lowest energy barriers for bidirectional sulfur conversion. As a result, Li‐S cells equipped with the catalytic separator deliver a high reversible capacity of 1477.8 mAh g −1 at 0.1 C and sustain long‐term cycling with an ultralow decay rate of 0.032% per cycle over 1000 cycles at 0.5 C, enabling an areal capacity of 15.2 mAh cm −2 at high sulfur loading. This work establishes a quantitative heterointerface design paradigm for regulating sulfur electrochemistry and provides general insights into heterostructure‐enabled catalysis in metal‐sulfur batteries.

Young's modulus and pressure-induced bandgap changes in CsPbX3 nanoparticles

The nanomechanical properties of lead-halide perovskites are vital for flexible electronics but are challenging to measure directly in individual nanocrystals. Here, we present an original experimental method based on atomic force microscopy for the direct and precise measurement of Young's modulus for single CsPbX3 (X = Br, Cl) nanoparticles via uniaxial compression. The method is based on the measurement of the loading curves followed by their simulations, with a precise reproduction of the nanoparticle and probe tip's shapes. It revealed an apparent size-dependent behavior in the measured Young's moduli, which can be attributed to geometric and instrumental factors of the experiment. Subsequent multi-physical simulation of the experiment revealed more accurate elastic moduli of 16 and 24 GPa for CsPbBr3 and CsPbCl3, respectively. In addition, our calculations based on density functional theory demonstrate that mechanical compression induces bandgap narrowing, particularly strong in CsPbCl3. The study establishes a direct correlation between mechanical stress and electronic structure in perovskite nanomaterials, providing a foundation for the development of compression-resistant and strain-engineered optoelectronic devices.

Febuxostat alleviates testicular dysfunction induced by cyclophosphamide in rats via modulation of pyroptosis and mTOR autophagy axis

Correction: Teaching medical ethics and medical professionalism in Saudi public and private medical schools

Nonprelithiated Full Cells With 100% Micro‐Silicon Anodes Enabled by Replacing Inner SEI Layer

ABSTRACT Micro‐sized silicon (Si) is a highly attractive anode for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) because of its ultrahigh specific capacity and low cost, yet its practical application is severely limited by rapid capacity decay. In this study, we develop a functional molecule, (2S,2'S)‐N,N'‐carbonylbis(2‐amino‐2‐hydroxyacetamide), to construct an in situ interfacial layer on porous micro‐Si. This layer homogenizes the pore structure by covering most micropores, thereby enabling more uniform Li‐ion insertion and alleviating the drastic phase transition of Si during lithiation. It also induces and contributes to the formation of a dense, thin, uniform, and LiF‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with excellent electronic insulation and ionic conductivity. As a result of this coupled structural and interfacial regulation, the Si anode shows a marked improvement in electrochemical performance, with the specific capacity at 10 C rises from 945 to 2041 mAh/g, and the capacity retention improves from 15.9% to 64.2% after 1000 cycles at 25°C. In full cells without prelithiation, the initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) increases from 83.77% to 88.11%, specific capacity at 5 C increases from 17 mAh/g to 99 mAh/g, capacity retention rises from 11.5% to 71% after 100 cycles at 45°C, demonstrating the practical promise of 100% micro‐Si anodes.

Concurrent enhancement of thermopile responsivity and response speed via thermocouple number and multi-dielectric layer engineering

Fast response and high-sensitivity are both required for thermopiles used in real-time non-contact temperature monitoring. However, as a thermal detector, the response speed of a thermopile is often subject to a trade-off with its sensitivity. Existing solutions, such as combining small sensing structures, high-infrared-absorption materials, and high-Seebeck-coefficient thermoelectric materials, have challenges in complex design and CMOS compatibility. Here, we report a new design strategy that concurrently enhances responsivity and response speed by engineering the number of thermocouples and SiO2/SiNx multi-dielectric layers, with little added complexity or cost. The fabricated sensor with 90 thermocouple pairs and two pairs of SiO2/SiNx layers achieves a response time of 27.30 ms, and a responsivity of 71.76 V/W, which is 9.12% and 119.58% enhancement, respectively, compared to the reference sensor with 45 thermocouple pairs and a single pair of SiO2/SiNx layers (30.05 ms, 32.68 V/W). Simulation and experimental results reveal that the increased number of thermocouples enhances both thermal conductance and cumulative voltage signal, while the two-pair multi-dielectric layers improve infrared absorption. This work demonstrates that engineering both thermocouple number and multi-dielectric layers is a simple, CMOS-compatible and cost-effective way to concurrently enhance response speed and sensitivity. This design strategy is a promising route for developing high-performance photo-thermo-electric devices.

Mechanism and control strategies of asymmetric floor heave under dynamic pressure in roof-cutting gob-side entry retaining: a case study

Abstract Roof cutting for gob-side entry retaining actively modifies the structural configuration of the roof and the two ribs, which intensifies the inherent asymmetry in both the surrounding rock structure and the stress distribution. This structural evolution makes asymmetric floor heave under dynamic pressure a critical challenge. In this study, the mechanisms and control strategies for asymmetric floor heave in roadways under dynamic pressure were investigated through physical model tests, theoretical analysis, and field measurements, followed by a successful engineering application at the Zhaogu No. 1 Mine. Physical model tests verified the advantages of roof cutting in controlling surrounding rock deformation and revealed the evolutionary process of tensile strain in the roadway floor from shallow to deep strata. A mechanical model of asymmetric floor failure under mining-induced dynamic pressure in roof-cutting gob-side entry retaining was established, and the failure depth and plastic zone width after roof cutting were derived using Rankine’s earth pressure theory. Furthermore, a pressure-equalizing support scheme was proposed, incorporating roof pre-splitting, constant resistance &amp; large-deformation (CRLD) support for the roof and coal ribs, and inverted floor beam support for the floor. Field results demonstrated that, compared to the unrestricted floor control scheme, this pressure-equalizing support scheme reduced floor heave by 46.1%. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed integrated control scheme were systematically verified through theoretical analysis, physical similarity simulation, and field validation.

Correction: An exploratory study of behavioral traits and the establishment of social relationships in female laboratory rats

Accelerated Tandem Catalysis for Industrial‐Level Nitric Oxide Electroreduction to Ammonia

ABSTRACT State‐of‐the‐art nonprecious metal catalysts for electrocatalytic nitric oxide reduction (NORR) to NH 3 suffer from mass transfer limitation and hydrogen evolution competition at industrial current densities. Herein, we report a class of self‐supporting wheat‐shaped oxygen vacancy‐rich Co 3 O 4‐ x /Cu electrocatalyst for achieving industrial‐level nitric oxide electroreduction to NH 3 . We demonstrate a tandem mechanism wherein Co 3 O 4‐ x enables water dissociation to generate active *H and the presence of oxygen vacancies reduce the reverse spillover energy of *H migration for the NORR, while highly conductive Cu sites facilitate the adsorption and activation of *NO, and promote hydrogenation and subsequent N‐O bond cleavage, and ultimately enable NH 3 desorption. The Co 3 O 4‐ x /Cu catalyst delivers an unprecedented NH 3 yield of 938.6 ± 11.8 µmol h −1  cm −2 and Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 94.9 ± 0.4% at −1.0 V against a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and maintains exceptional stability of &gt; 350 h under industrial‐level current density of 300 mA cm −2 , outperforming previously reported catalysts. As a proof of concept, the Co 3 O 4‐ x /Cu catalyst‐based Zn‐NO battery has a record power density of 9.4 mW cm −2 and NH 3 yield of 752.1 ± 10 µg h −1  cm −2 .