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An accurate approach to discriminate android colluded malware from single app malware using permissions intelligence
Honey bee immune response to trace concentrations of clothianidin goes beyond the macronutrients found in artificial diets
Abstract Honey bees (Apis mellifera) often encounter a variety of stressors in their environment, including poor nutrition and pesticides. These stressors interact and can be exacerbated in large-scale agroecosystems. We investigated how diets varying in macronutrient ratios can affect nurse bee susceptibility to pesticide stressors. Nurse bees were fed trace concentrations of clothianidin (CLO), a neonicotinoid insecticide known to have sublethal and lethal effects on honey bees, after newly emerged bees were given diets varying in proteins and lipids, a natural pollen diet, or sucrose solution diet. Bees given pollen had improved longevity, physiology, enzyme activity, and gene expression related to pesticide detoxification. The artificial diets helped improve bee health and physiology but did little to promote bee detoxification enzymes and genes. There was no effect of the trace CLO treatments on its own, but there was an interactive effect between our higher CLO treatment and poor nutrition on bee longevity and vitellogenin expression. Our results suggest that (1) exposure to even trace concentrations of CLO can interact with poor nutrition to undermine adult bee health and (2) macronutrients in artificial diets can help promote bee physiology, but other nutrients in pollen, such as potentially phytochemicals, are more directly linked honey bee tolerance to pesticide stress.
Phylodynamic assessment of SNP distances from whole genome sequencing for determining Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission
Enhanced state of charge estimation in electric vehicle batteries using chicken swarm optimization with open ended learning
Long-term exposure to PM2.5 exacerbates dopaminergic neuronal loss through CpG hypermethylation induced down-regulation of PINK1 and DJ-1 genes
Optimizing energy systems of livestock farms with computational intelligence for achieving energy autonomy
Methods and exploratory findings of the first Swiss agricultural health cohort FarmCoSwiss
Abstract FarmCoSwiss is Switzerland’s first agricultural cohort study on farmers’ health and wellbeing. It aims to longitudinally describe farmers’ mental and physical health and identify risk and protective factors. Between November 2022 and August 2023, 872 participants (65.9% men) were enrolled in the baseline survey assessing farm characteristics, occupational hazards, lifestyle and wellbeing, and physical and mental health. Selected variables were descriptively compared to the general population using Swiss Health Survey (SHS) data (2022) and the Swiss-wide SAPALDIA cohort (2020–2023). Findings suggest better physical health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in younger participants, and better mental HRQoL in older farmers. Furthermore, descriptive comparisons indicate that female farmers may have higher physical, but lower mental HRQoL than men. Most participants (60.5%) were classified as overweight or obese based on self-reported height and weight. Descriptive comparisons between the SHS and FarmCoSwiss suggest that farmers might spend less hours sitting, consume less alcohol and tobacco, but eat more red and processed meat. FarmCoSwiss participants further reported lower prevalences of most diseases compared to SAPALDIA participants. Occupational accidents were common in the farmers’ cohort. These high accident rates as well as high BMI values and indications for sex-based differences in physical and mental health highlight the need for further research and in-depth studies. Given increasing political, societal, and environmental pressures on agriculture, epidemiological evidence on farmers’ health and wellbeing is crucial to maintain a thriving agricultural workforce.
Transcriptional signature of rapidly responding NK cells reveals S1P5 and CXCR4 as anti-tumor response disruptors
Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells are prototypic cytotoxic innate lymphocytes that can kill target cells, such as tumor cells, in the absence of antigen-restriction. Peripheral NK cells exhibit a high degree of heterogeneity. Here, we set out to broadly assess intrinsic modulators of NK cell degranulation in an unbiased manner. We stimulated human primary blood-borne NK cells pre-treated with different cytokine regimens with the HCT116 human colon cancer cell line and used detection of lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 (LAMP1) as an identifier of rapid NK cell degranulation. RNA sequencing of FACS-sorted LAMP1hi NK cells showed CXCR4 and S1PR5 were top down-regulated genes. Using compounds that modulate activity of CXCR4 and S1P receptor family members S1P1 and S1P5, we confirmed they play an important immunosuppressive role in NK cell cytotoxicity. Mechanistically, engagement of CXCR4 and S1P1/5 receptors triggered phosphorylation of p42 and Ca2+ influx. CXCR4 activation promoted S1P5 upregulation and vice versa, and joint activation of both receptors amplified the defect NK cell degranulation. Intriguingly, in tumor samples the expression of both receptors and the synthesis of their ligands themselves appear to be coordinately regulated. Together, these data suggest that specifically and simultaneously targeting CXCR4 and S1P5 activity in the tumor microenvironment (TME) could be a beneficial strategy to unleash full cytotoxic potential of cytotoxic NK effector cells in the tumor.
Federally-overlooked flood risk inequities in the conterminous United States
Deproteinization with Papain enzyme improves the bonding performance of self-etch adhesives to eroded dentin
Soft-computing models for predicting plastic viscosity and interface yield stress of fresh concrete
Synergistic endocrine disruption and cellular toxicity of polyethylene microplastics and bisphenol A in MLTC-1 cells and zebrafish
CBCT-to-CT synthesis using a hybrid U-Net diffusion model based on transformers and information bottleneck theory
A DEM super resolution reconstruction method based on normalizing flow
Publisher Correction: Eye movements of children with and without developmental dyslexia in an alphabetic script during alphabetic and logographic tasks
Substrates bind to residues lining the ring of asymmetrically engaged bacterial proteasome activator Bpa
Abstract Mycobacteria harbor a proteasome that was acquired by Actinobacteria through horizontal gene transfer and that supports the persistence of the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis within host macrophages. The core particle of the proteasome (20S CP) associates with ring-shaped activator complexes to degrade protein substrates. One of these is the bacterial proteasome activator Bpa that stimulates the ATP-independent proteasomal degradation of the heat shock repressor HspR. In this study, we determine the cryogenic electron microscopy 3D reconstruction of the complex between Bpa and its natural substrate HspR at 4.1 Å global resolution. The resulting maps allow us to identify regions of Bpa that interact with HspR. Using structure-guided site-directed mutagenesis and in vitro biochemical assays, we confirm the importance of the identified residues for Bpa-mediated substrate recruitment and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Additionally, we show that the dodecameric Bpa ring associates asymmetrically with the heptameric α-rings of the 20S CP, adopting a conformation resembling a hinged lid, while still engaging all seven docking sites on the proteasome.
Experimental verification of the six sectors neural DTC approach of squirrel cage induction motors
Abstract The direct torque control (DTC) approach is one of the suitable solutions for controlling squirrel cage induction machines (SCIMs) due to its distinctive performance compared to other strategies and its simplicity. However, using this approach has several drawbacks and problems. This paper presents an experimental work using real equipment of an innovative method that combines six sectors of DTC technique and neural networks (NNs). The use of an NN algorithm allows for overcoming problems of the DTC approach, such as reducing torque ripples. Using the NN technique, the operation of the SCIM inverter is controlled, as the NN technique provides the pulses necessary to run the inverter, which allows for improving the quality of the current. Therefore, the presented approach is based on the usual method, using the same estimation equations. First, the validity of the designed approach was tested using MATLAB, comparing the results with the DTC approach. The results obtained showed a high ability of the six sectors’ NN-DTC approach to significantly enhance the quality of torque and current, which confirms the competence of using NNs. Secondly, real equipment was used to verify the simulation results and the extent of the efficiency and competence of the six sectors NN-DTC approach compared to the DTC technique in terms of improving the quality of current and torque. These experimental results obtained are of great value in the field of control, as they give a clear picture of the advantage of the six sectors of the NN-DTC approach in improving the features of the control system, which makes it more suitable for different applications in the future.