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Single‐Molecule Memristor Realizing Synaptic Plasticity for Neuromorphic Applications
ABSTRACT Neuromorphic computing, particularly memristor‐based architectures, offers a promising route to overcome the von Neumann bottleneck. Single‐molecule devices, with their high integration density and low energy consumption, represent an emerging platform for next‐generation computing. Here, we report the first optoelectronic volatile single‐molecule memristor based on the organic photovoltaic material Y6. The device exhibits reproducible conductance switching driven by electric‐field‐induced structural relaxation, enabling gradual and linear conductance modulation that mimics synaptic behavior. Under red‐light illumination, the Y6 junction shows a remarkable 457% increase in conductance and a significantly reduced switching threshold, demonstrating strong photoresponsivity and low‐power operation. Furthermore, frequency‐dependent pulse tests clearly reproduce short‐term synaptic plasticity (STP), demonstrating the memristor's ability to emulate dynamic synaptic functions. When the experimentally measured current response of the Y6 single‐molecule memristor is incorporated into an artificial neural network (ANN) model, the system achieves a speech‐recognition accuracy of 71.50%, closely matching that of the benchmark ANN (74.90%). This work pioneers the realization of synaptic functionality in a single‐molecule memristor and validates its application within an artificial neural network. It provides a new strategy for developing highly integrated molecular‐scale neuromorphic computing devices.
Detecting regional overdistention during mechanical ventilation using 4-dimensional computed tomography
Kinetic Analysis of Transmetalation at Prototypical Nickel <sup>(II)</sup> Catalyst Species: Rates, Mechanisms, and Implications for Catalysis
ABSTRACT Nickel‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions are of increasing importance in chemical synthesis. However, rate data for transmetalation at Ni (II) is limited due to the difficulty of analyzing this step, hindering a priori reaction design. To address this limitation, a user‐friendly method for analyzing transmetalation at Ni (II) using NMR spectroscopy is reported. This approach is underpinned by the generation of an unsaturated coupling product that coordinates to Ni (0) , preventing comproportionation with remaining Ni (II) and the generation of problematic Ni (I) side products. This methodology was used to obtain rate data for transmetalation at 18 Ni (II) complexes. Significant variation in the rate constant ( k obs ) was observed, spanning at least 5 orders of magnitude. The most important factor in influencing k obs was ligand choice, with weakly coordinating, monodentate ligands generally affording larger rate constants. The choice of halide (Cl, Br, I) had comparatively little effect, though the use of OTs and OTf resulted in modest rate enhancements. The mechanism of transmetalation at two representative complexes was examined through kinetic and computational studies, revealing differences in the rate‐determining step. The foundational insight on transmetalation at Ni (II) provided through the kinetic studies allowed guiding principles for reaction design to be developed.
Membrane composition modulates podocyte–renal endothelial cell interactions in a humanized glomerular basement membrane-on-a-chip
Bimetallic‐Node‐Occupied MOF With Glycoside Hydrolase Activity for Efficient Bacterial Biofilm Hydrolysis
ABSTRACT Artificial synthesis of compounds to mimic the catalytic functions of natural enzymes and investigate their underlying mechanisms is challenging work. The development of glycoside hydrolase mimics encounters significant obstacles due to the complex stereochemistry and reaction mechanisms involved. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have become promising candidates for artificial enzymes due to their ordered structure and ability to precisely control the active sites. Herein, a bimetallic MOF (CZPDC) containing bimetallic nodes is synthesized as an enzyme mimic to hydrolyze glycosidic molecules. X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure confirms the coexistence of Ce and Zr in the metal cluster nodes. DFT calculations reveal the unique adsorption behavior of CZPDC toward the negatively charged functional group connected to the C atom at the C2 position on the Ce site, thereby avoiding the stereoisomerism‐induced selectivity between glycoside atoms and heteroatom carbons, making it suitable for the degradation of more complex polysaccharide systems. The catalytic behavior enables efficient hydrolysis of complex biological tissues containing multiple chemical bonds, disrupts bacterial biofilms, and kills internal bacteria. These characteristics endow CZPDC with strong potential for application in areas such as glycoside‐catalyzed hydrolysis and bacterial biofilm removal.
An innovative fuzzy Revan index with CRITIC integration in multi-criterion decision-making
Pulsed Design Enables Ammonia Electrosynthesis From Dilute Nitrate in Real Wastewater
ABSTRACT Electroreduction of nitrate (NO 3 − ) to ammonia (NH 3 ) provides a sustainable method for waste valorization. However, low nitrate levels and the coexistence of interfering ions in real wastewater severely affect catalytic selectivity and stability. Herein, we report for the first time that pulsed design enables efficient NH 3 synthesis from dilute NO 3 − in real wastewater. Using diluted wastewater from a graphene production plant (∼5 mM NO 3 − with various interfering ions), the periodic application of anodic and cathodic pulses ( E a = 0.8 V, t a = 0.5 s, E c = −0.4 V, and t c = 5 s) over a Ru@Cu catalyst achieved a high NH 3 Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 90.2% and an NH 3 yield rate of 1.48 mg·h −1 cm −2 , significantly surpassing the FE(NH 3 ) of 45.0% obtained under potentiostatic conditions. Notably, the catalyst stability improved significantly under pulsed conditions, with FE(NH 3 ) remaining above 86.3% after six cycles (3 h), compared to a sharp drop to 11.4% under potentiostatic conditions. Mechanistic studies reveal that the intermittent application of a positive potential generates a localized electric field that enriches NO 3 − and repels interfering cations near the cathode, thereby mitigating hydroxide precipitation and enhancing NO 3 − availability. This work establishes a sustainable and economically viable strategy for real wastewater treatment.
Heavy metals, viral load and some haematological parameters of HIV-infected subjects in Niger Delta, Nigeria
Chronic kidney disease and stromal cell-derived factor 1α peptide-functionalization impact on polycarbonate-bisurea based in situ tissue-engineered vascular graft dynamics
Perceived partner responsiveness between benign prostatic hyperplasia’s symptom index and aging male symptoms
Response of three bell pepper cultivars to different nutrient solutions in NFT hydroponic system
The links between direct gaze and social cognition – implications for impression accuracy and joint attention
Exploratory crossover field study indicates efficacy and feasibility of light therapy glasses to mitigate fatigue in multiple sclerosis
Abstract Fatigue is highly prevalent, clinically significant, and persistent in multiple sclerosis (MS), highlighting the need for effective countermeasures. To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of blue-enriched bright light (BL) therapy glasses in reducing MS-related fatigue, this single-blind, randomized, active-controlled crossover study included 20 patients with MS with significant fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale [FSS] total score > 36). Participants used blue light (BL) glasses or dim red light (DRL) glasses for 20 min daily after waking. Each intervention lasted 1 week with a 6-day washout between conditions. Fatigue, measured using the FSS four times per intervention week, was the main exploratory outcome measure. Further, the acute overall effects of both interventions were assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale for Fatigue (VAS_F) immediately before and after each intervention and at 13:00. Quality of life (Multicultural Quality of Life Index) was rated four times per week. Feasibility was evaluated using self-reported comfort, side effects, and sleep quality. Both interventions significantly decreased total FSS scores on the sixth and seventh intervention days (follow-up), with BL inducing clinically significant reductions on the sixth day. Both interventions significantly reduced VAS_F ratings immediately after the intervention and at 13:00, with BL showing significantly more reduction. No effects on quality of life were observed. Patients reported greater comfort, improved well-being, and reduced fatigue with the BL glasses. Side effects were low and subjective sleep quality was unaffected. Despite its small sample size, the present exploratory study provides initial evidence for light therapy glasses as a feasible, immediately effective intervention for MS-related fatigue.
Comparing the cost-effectiveness of alternative policies for recommending and providing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis to men who have sex with men in the EU
Abstract In the European Union (EU), HIV disproportionately affects men who have sex with men (MSM), with prevalence rates ranging from 2.4% to 29%. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective in preventing HIV, yet access and uptake remain uneven. We used a stochastic agent-based model of HIV transmission among MSM to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of five PrEP eligibility policies across 20 EU countries, incorporating data on sexual behavior, adherence, and healthcare costs. US, CDC and Belgian guidelines, which recommend broad eligibility, achieved the highest reductions in HIV infections and deaths, whereas WHO guidelines consistently emerged as the most cost-effective option, particularly in countries with constrained budgets. Our analyses further show that lowering drug costs would expand the range of cost-effective options in settings without PrEP reimbursement. Finally, we estimated willingness-to-pay thresholds for injectable, long-acting PrEP. Long-acting injectable formulations are emerging as new PrEP options. Current prices largely exceed these thresholds, but cabotegravir could approach cost-effectiveness under WHO guidelines in some countries. Overall, broad eligibility criteria maximize effectiveness, while WHO guidelines balance affordability and impact. Expanding oral PrEP access and reducing drug costs remain essential for HIV prevention in Europe, while injectable PrEP is likely to require substantial price reductions or targeted use in selected populations to become economically attractive. Our findings highlight the need for policy adjustments to improve PrEP accessibility, inform national health strategies, and achieve sustainable HIV prevention across diverse settings.
Asymmetric cross-source retrieval transfer reveals the role of corpus semantic richness in industrial RAG systems for wind-turbine maintenance
Non-response adjusted mean estimation using tool wear and torque data in predictive maintenance systems
Effect of climate change on milk production and yield of buffalo, indigenous cattle and crossbred cattle in Haryana, India
Integrated cerebro-splanchnic blood flow and regional oxygenation monitoring in transfused anemic preterm infants
Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the effect of packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion on blood flow velocity and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-measured regional oxygenation of both the brain and intestine in clinically stable anemic preterm infants with a gestational age of ≤ 32 weeks and a postnatal age of ≥ 3 weeks. This prospective observational study was conducted in the NICU of Alexandria University Maternity Hospital between March 2023 and December 2023. Clinically stable anemic preterm infants (n = 30) with hemoglobin < 9.5 g/dL and an indication for PRBC transfusion were included. Cerebral and mesenteric oxygenation were measured by NIRS before, during, and after transfusion. Superior vena cava flow (SVCF) and anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and celiac artery (CA) velocities were measured before and after transfusion. Comparative analyses were used to compare parameters before and after transfusion, and correlation tests were used to assess relationships between oxygenation and hemodynamic measures. SVCF, velocity–time integral (VTI), and SVC diameter decreased significantly after transfusion (p < 0.001). ACA peak systolic velocity (PSV), ACA end-diastolic velocity (EDV), and celiac artery PSV also decreased significantly after transfusion (p < 0.001). Splanchnic and cerebral oxygenation metrics increased significantly, whereas oxygen consumption and fractional tissue oxygen extraction decreased significantly after transfusion (p < 0.001). Delta changes in SVCF were correlated with splanchnic oxygenation metrics (p = 0.002–0.003), and heart rate was significantly correlated with both cerebral and splanchnic oxygenation metrics (p = 0.003–0.006). Cerebral and splanchnic oxygenation metrics, SpO2, SVC diameter, SVC VTI, SVCF, ACA PSV, ACA EDV, and celiac artery PSV changed significantly after blood transfusion in anemic preterm infants.