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Deficits in mitochondrial dynamics and iron balance result in templated insertions
Thermal Marangoni natural convection enables directional transport across immiscible liquids
Enhancing C─C Bond Cleavage of Glycerol Electrooxidation Through Spin‐Selective Electron Donation in Pd–PdS <sub>2</sub> –Co <sub>x</sub> Heterostructural Nanosheets
Abstract As a 4 d transition metal, the spin state of Pd is extremely difficult to directly regulate for the optimized d orbital states owing to the strong spin‐orbit coupling effect and further extended d orbital. Herein, we devise a “spin‐selective electron donation” strategy to tune specific d orbital electrons of Pd inspired by the Dewar−Chatt−Duncanson model theory. Co−S−Pd bridges with different spin‐states of Co III have been constructed in a series of Pd–PdS 2 –Co x HNSs with tunable Co content. Experiments and theoretical calculations indicate that low‐spin Co III (t 2g 6 e g 0 ) with fully occupied t 2g orbitals and empty orbitals can accurately alter the electron of Pd by σ‐donation via the Co−S−Pd bridge. In contrast, the unfilled d xy orbital of high‐spin Co III (t 2g 5 e g 1 ) is essential for controlling the d xy electron of Pd via π‐donation. Benefiting from state optimization by σ‐donation, Pd–PdS 2 –Co 4.0 delivers superior performance toward various bio‐alcohols (ethanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol) with enhanced C─C bond cleavage. Furthermore, coupling the glycerol oxidation reaction with the CO 2 reduction reaction (GOR||CO 2 RR), the electricity consumption of GOR||CO 2 RR drops 46.4% compared to the state‐of‐art system (OER||CO 2 RR). Moreover, anodic Faraday efficiency (FE) of formic acid can be attainable at more than 90% at low voltage regions.
The prognostic significance of the NMD core factor UPF1 in low-grade glioma
Relationship between free fatty acids and diabetic retinopathy in male patients with type 2 diabetes
Abstract This study aims to evaluate the association between fasting serum free fatty acids (FFAs) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a population of Chinese men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 781 eligible subjects participated in this cross-sectional study. We collected clinical data and information about the patient’s examination and laboratory tests. The Shapiro–Wilk test was employed to assess the normality of continuous variables. For continuous variables with non-normal distributions, the Mann–Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test was utilized for comparisons. Categorical variable comparisons were performed using the chi-square test. Logistic regression analyses and restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves were conducted to examine the association between FFAs levels and DR. FFAs levels were slightly lower in the DR group compared to the NDR group (0.35 vs. 0.41 mmol/L, p < 0.05). The logistic regression model did not identify a statistically significant linear relationship between FFAs levels and DR incidence (OR = 0.776, 95% CI: 0.308–1.955, p = 0.591). After adjusting for various confounding factors, RCS curves revealed a U-shaped relationship between FFAs and DR. This relationship was validated in subgroup analyses stratified by age, diabetes duration, BMI, and alcohol consumption status. The U-shaped curve was evident in most subgroups, indicating that both low and high levels of FFAs are associated with an increased risk of DR. IIn this study, we found a U-shaped relationship between FFAs and DR in Chinese men with T2DM. Both low and high levels of FFAs were associated with an increased risk of DR.
Unveiling Calotropis procera’s promising wound healing secrets by QSAR, molecular docking, DFT and ADMET profiling
Accuracy of labeled THC potency across flower and concentrate cannabis products
Comparison of visual functions among early and late onset myopia
Abstract Early-onset myopia (EOM) progresses more rapidly and sets a higher risk of developing high myopia, whereas late-onset myopia (LOM) is typically associated with lower refractive error. However, differences in visual function between these groups remain underexplored. This cross-sectional study compared high-contrast visual acuity, low-contrast visual acuity, contrast sensitivity function (CSF), blur perception, and depth of focus in individuals with EOM and LOM. Twenty participants (10 EOM, 10 LOM) aged 18–35 years with myopia ranging from − 0.50 to − 6.00 D were included. Visual function assessments were conducted using MATLAB and PsychoPy software, with all measurements taken under full-distance spectacle correction. While high-contrast and low-contrast visual acuity showed no significant differences, CSF parameters showed significant differences. The area under the curve, peak spatial frequency, and cutoff spatial frequency were significantly lower in EOM than in LOM (p = 0.019, 0.032, and 0.005, respectively). Blur perception thresholds also varied, though statistical significance was not reached. These findings suggest that individuals with EOM may show compromised contrast sensitivity, possibly affecting their overall visual quality. Understanding these functional differences can help in developing targeted interventions for myopia management, ensuring personalized approaches to optimize visual performance across different onset groups.
Construction and validation of the prosocial adolescent risk-taking questionnaire (PAR-Q)
Integrating multi-omic data to identify key genes and pathways involved in rice bacterial leaf streak disease
Cross-language dissemination of Chinese classical literature using multimodal deep learning and artificial intelligence
Selective electrosynthesis of 1,3-butadiene by tailoring the coverage of acetylene and water
Photon momentum transfer and partitioning: from one to many
Abstract The transfer of photon momentum is indispensable in initiating and directing light-matter interactions, which underpins a plethora of fundamental physical processes from laser cooling to laser particle acceleration. The transferred photon momentum is distributed between the photoelectron and the residual ion upon ionization. Our study presents a general and consistent framework for photon momentum transfer covering an arbitrary number of absorbed photons. Our results bridge the gap between the previously considered limiting cases of single-photon and multi-photon strong-field ionization and suggest revising the current consensus for the multi-photon limit by demonstrating that with each additional photon absorbed above the ionization threshold, the photoelectron acquires on average twice the momentum of the absorbed photon. Our work paves the pathway towards a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental processes of photon momentum transfer in light-matter interactions, with implications for both theoretical physics and practical applications that harness the transfer of photon momentum.
Introducing electric spring in the voltage frequency regulation of a multi area multi source integrated power system network
Abstract The present work demonstrates the application of an electric spring in a multi-source interconnected power system in which coordinated control of frequency and voltage loop is investigated. A two-area power system is considered with non–linearity for the thermal power system, such as generation rate constraint and governor dead band, so that the developed model is realistic. A novel cascade controller, namely a two–degree–of–freedom proportional–integral–derivative controller cascaded with a proportional–integral–derivative controller (2DOFPID–PID), is utilized for the first time for reducing the area control error to zero in both the control areas. A powerful algorithm known as the Golden Jackal Algorithm (GJA) is considered for tuning the controller parameters and achieving the minimum performance index. System dynamic responses are observed for the coordinated automatic load frequency control and automatic voltage regulator during step load perturbations and random load perturbations. Selection of the best performance index (PI) among integral of squared error (ISE), integral of time multiplied by absolute error (ITAE), integral of time multiplied by squared error (ITSE), and Integral of absolute error (IAE) proves that ITAE serves the best among others. To model an AC/DC bus, system responses are also investigated with a parallel AC/DC link that depicts satisfactory results in terms of overshoot, undershoot, and settling time. Modelling of the electric spring in the proposed system is integrated to check the terminal voltage deviation and frequency deviation, and mitigate them. Results show reduced generator terminal deviation in both the control areas. Comparison of different powerful algorithms with the proposed one infers the superiority of the proposed golden jackal algorithm with reference to the performance index vs. number of iterations.