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DFT and QTAIM analysis of fluorenol and fluorenone in molecular nanoelectronics
Testicular somatic and germ cell maturation during rhesus macaque development
The formation of bilateral testes in animals is critical for puberty, reproductive capacity, and testosterone production across the life course. In humans, testis development begins in embryonic life in the first trimester, with considerable effort focused on the cell and developmental events associated with testis cell specification, leaving limited knowledge on testicular organogenesis during the second and third trimesters. To fill this knowledge gap, we evaluated testicular cell maturation at weeks 5 (W5), W6, W8, W15, and W19 postconception using a rhesus macaque model. Our data identify a major transcriptional change in the somatic cells of the testis (Sertoli cells, interstitial cells and fetal Leydig cells) between W8 and W15, and this is associated with the maturation of seminiferous cords and maturation of PGCs into fetal spermatogonia. Through this work, we identified cellular changes and differential protein expression between W5 and W19 that can be used to holistically define testis development across the time course of embryonic and fetal life. This study provides important insights necessary to recreate the testicular niche from stem cells for biomedical research.
Trioxane-based MS-cleavable cross-linking mass spectrometry for profiling multimeric interactions of cellular networks
Abstract Cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) is a powerful technology for mapping protein-protein interactions (PPIs) at the systems level. While bivalent cross-links are effective for defining protein interactions and structures, multivalent cross-links offer enhanced spatial resolution to facilitate characterization of heterogeneous protein complexes. However, their identification remains challenging due to fragmentation complexity and the vast expansion of database search space. Here, we present tris-succinimidyl trioxane (TSTO), a novel trioxane-based, MS-cleavable homotrifunctional cross-linker capable of targeting three proximal lysines simultaneously. TSTO’s unique MS-cleavability enables concurrent release of cross-linked peptide constituents during collision-induced dissociation, permitting their unambiguous identification. The TSTO-based XL-MS platform is effective for mapping cellular networks from intact cells and tissues, illustrating its versatility for complex biological systems. Trimeric interactions captured by TSTO reveal structural details inaccessible to bifunctional reagents, enhancing modeling accuracy and precision. Furthermore, this development opens a new avenue for designing multifunctional MS-cleavable cross-linkers to further advance structural systems biology.
Harmonizing material quantity and terahertz wave interference shielding efficiency with metallic borophene nanosheets
Abstract Materials with electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding in the terahertz (THz) regime, while minimizing the quantity used, are highly demanded for future information communication, healthcare, and mineral resource exploration applications. Currently, there is often a trade-off between the amount of material used and the absolute EMI shielding effectiveness (EES t ) for the EMI shielding materials. Here, we address this trade-off by harnessing the unique properties of two-dimensional (2D) β 12 -borophene ( β 12 -Br) nanosheets. By leveraging the high electron mobility and low mass density of β 12 -Br, we simultaneously achieve a THz EMI shield effectiveness (SE) of 70 dB and an EES t of 4.8 × 10 5 dB·cm 2 /g (@0.87 THz) using a β 12 -Br polymer composite. This surpasses the values of previously reported THz shielding materials with an EES t less than 3 × 10 5 dB·cm 2 /g and a SE smaller than 60 dB, while only needs 0.1 wt.% of these materials to realize the same SE value. Furthermore, by capitalizing on the superior mechanical properties of the composite, with 158% tensile strain at a Young’s modulus of 21 MPa, we demonstrate the high-efficiency shielding performances of conformably coated surfaces based on β 12 -Br nanosheets, suggesting their great potential in EMI shielding area.
Cascade-heterogated proton nanotransistors for multiplex pH-interval imaging
Metathetical Exchange, Synthesis, and Carbon Dioxide Addition of Higher Homologues of Group 9 Metal Carbynes
Abstract A one‐pot synthesis for previously unknown heavy homologues of Group 9 metal carbynes [(Me 3 P) 3 Co≡GeAr*] ( 1 ), [(Me 3 P) 3 Rh≡GeAr*] ( 2 ), [(Me 3 P) 3 Ir≡GeAr*] ( 3 ), [(Me 3 P) 3 Ir≡SnAr*] ( 5 ), and [(Et 3 P) 3 Ir≡PbAr*] ( 7 ) is presented [Ar* = C 6 H 3 ‐2,6‐(Trip) 2 , Trip = 2,4,6‐C 6 H 2 i Pr 3 ]. During these preparations, the tetrylidynes [(Me 3 P) 3 Rh≡SnAr*] ( 4 ), and [(Me 3 P) 3 Rh≡PbAr*] ( 6 ), were also prepared in a one‐pot procedure. In a hitherto unknown metathetical exchange reaction, the transition metal plumbylidynes were converted into the respective stannylidynes in reaction with terphenyl stannylene chloride, and the germylidynes were formed from the corresponding stannylidynes in reaction with terphenyl germylene chloride. These metathesis reactions were tracked by 31 P{ 1 H} NMR spectroscopy, which shows complete exchange of the tetrel [EAr]‐fragment and the formation of an intermediate in the rhodium plumbylidyne reaction with stannylene chloride (Ar = Ar*, Tbb). Reactions of the tetrylidynes ( 2 – 5 ) with carbon dioxide yield the products of a redox reaction [(Me 3 P) 3 (CO)M‐E( η 2 ‐O 2 CO‐ κ 2 O )Ar*] [E = Ge, M = Rh ( 11 ); M = Ir ( 12 ); E = Sn, M = Rh ( 14 ), M = Ir ( 16 )] with a carbon monoxide coordinated at the transition metal and a carbonate coordinated at the Group 14 element. For tin the intermediates formed by mono CO 2 addition [(Me 3 P) 3 M( μ , η 2 ‐CO 2 ‐ κC : κO )SnAr*] [M = Rh ( 13 ), M = Ir ( 15 )] have been isolated.
Predictive value of machine learning for radiation pneumonitis and checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis in lung cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Experimental study on dynamic tensile mechanical properties and energy dissipation of GFRP tube-mortar specimens with different hollow ratios
Near-infrared spectroscopy of the cerebellum in motor activation tasks
An intricate role of Ang II/AT1 in the modulation of monosodium glutamate-induced pulmonary fibrosis by TGF-β/Smad through quercetin
Abstract To investigate the protective actions of the natural flavonoid quercetin against monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats, the present study targets the modulation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and the involvement of Ang II/AT1. The experimental model involved the treatment of rats with MSG (0.6 g/kg body weight) for 4 weeks and quercetin dosages of 25 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg/kg body weight. The study applied the combination of biochemical, molecular, and histopathological evaluation to identify the role of quercetin in impacting major cytokines (IL-17, IL-19, TGF-β, VEGF), oxidative stress markers (TBARS, NO, SOD, CAT, GSH), extracellular matrix components (collagen-I, α-SMA, fibronectin), and fibrosis gene expression (TGF-β1, Smad2/3/4, CTGF, Snail, Slug). MSG treatment increased pro-fibrotic cytokines, oxidative stress, and deposition of collagen in a significant amount, while administration of quercetin dose-dependently reversed the alterations. Quercetin also reversed the activity of antioxidant enzymes, reduced inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited TGF-β/Smad signaling as indicated by lowered TGF-β receptor II activation and following Smad phosphorylation. Molecular docking demonstrated that quercetin competitively binds to TGF-β receptor II to inhibit MSG-induced fibrotic signaling. Quercetin inhibits MSG-induced lung fibrosis by inhibiting collagen accumulation and inflammatory cell invasion and has the potential to produce therapeutic effects by modulating TGF-β/Smad signaling and restoring lung tissue homeostasis.
Comparative analysis of ChatGPT 3.5 and ChatGPT 4 obstetric and gynecological knowledge
Effects of noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation on spatial memory in virtual reality
Abstract Spatial memory and navigation are foundational cognitive functions intricately tied to the hippocampal and striatal neural circuits. These regions integrate multisensory inputs from the environment, with the vestibular system exerting a particularly strong influence on visuospatial processing. While prior work has explored how Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS) can enhance spatial cognition in individuals with vestibular disorders, limited research has focused on its potentially beneficial effects in those without vestibular disorders. To address this gap, we present a study using a novel experimental paradigm that combines noisy GVS (nGVS) with virtual reality (VR) to systematically examine the impact of vestibular stimulation on spatial learning and memory in healthy adults. Our findings (n=32) suggest that nGVS can significantly improve spatial memory performance, facilitating learning and recollection compared to the without-nGVS condition. Unlike previous screen-based studies, our work uniquely integrates nGVS with an ecologically valid scenario in VR, with study results indicating nGVS as a potential modifier of human spatial memory.
Two fast algorithms for finding the solution of the lower Hessenberg quasi-Toeplitz linear system from Markov chain
Abstract We present two fast algorithms for finding the solution of the nonsingular lower Hessenberg quasi-Toeplitz linear system stem from Markov chain. And we confirm the complexity of these two algorithms is both O $$(n\log n)$$ based on the fact that a lower Hessenberg quasi-Toeplitz matrix can be written as the sum of a Toeplitz matrix and a rank-one matrix, such that the fast solver involves O $$(n\log n)$$ operators for solving the Toeplitz linear system can be adopted. Finally, numerical results prove the superiority and accuracy of our algorithms by comparing the values of residual and CPU time with existing algorithms.
A methodological design and an empirical study for assessing the maturity of an UASR based on the AHP-EWM and the FSEM fusion model
Study on the mechanical properties of energy-absorbing fiberglass reinforced plastic anchors against impacts
Daily briefing: Industrialization might cause ‘inflammaging’
The adaptive state determines the impact of mutations on evolving populations
Darwinian evolution results from an interplay between stochastic diversification of heritable phenotypes, impacting the chance of survival and reproduction, and fitness-based selection. The ability of populations to evolve and adapt to environmental changes depends on rates of mutational diversification and the distribution of fitness effects of random mutations. In turn, the distribution of fitness effects of stochastic mutations can be expected to depend on the adaptive state of a population. To systematically study the impact of the interplay between the adaptive state of a population on the ability of asexual populations to adapt, we used a spatial agent-based model of a neoplastic population adapting to a selection pressure of continuous exposure to targeted therapy. We found favorable mutations were overrepresented at the extinction bottleneck but depleted at the adaptive peak. The model-based predictions were tested using an experimental cancer model of an evolution of resistance to a targeted therapy. Consistent with the model’s prediction, we found that enhancement of the mutation rate was highly beneficial under therapy but moderately detrimental under the baseline conditions. Our results highlight the importance of considering population fitness in evaluating the fitness distribution of random mutations and support the potential therapeutic utility of restricting mutational variability.