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Chemical applicability and predictive potential of certain graphical indices for determining structure-property relationships in polycrystalline acid magenta (C20H17N3Na2O9S3)

Design principles for self-organization of mitotic spindle bipolarity

Correction: Ooencyrtus pitosina (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)–A natural enemy of Samoan swallowtail butterfly Papilio godeffroyi (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

Comparative evaluation of in-house ELISA and two commercial serological assays for the detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2

Tearing down the house of mosquito-transmitted viruses

Correction: Biopsychosocial impact of high levels of trait anxiety on family caregivers in the end-of-life palliative care setting

Effects of perceived control on thermal response and cooling carbon emissions across different operation modes

Introducing the Special Feature on housing differences and inequality over the very long term

Correction: Phosphorus modifies the association between body mass index and uric acid: Results from NHANES 2007–2018

An improved multiclass classification of acute lymphocytic leukemia using enhanced glowworm swarm optimization

Molecular design of a therapeutic LSD analogue with reduced hallucinogenic potential

Decreased dendritic spine density in the cortex is a key pathological feature of neuropsychiatric diseases including depression, addiction, and schizophrenia (SCZ). Psychedelics possess a remarkable ability to promote cortical neuron growth and increase spine density; however, these compounds are contraindicated for patients with SCZ or a family history of psychosis. Here, we report the molecular design and de novo total synthesis of (+)-JRT, a structural analogue of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) with lower hallucinogenic potential and potent neuroplasticity-promoting properties. In addition to promoting spinogenesis in the cortex, (+)-JRT produces therapeutic effects in behavioral assays relevant to depression and cognition without exacerbating behavioral and gene expression signatures relevant to psychosis. This work underscores the potential of nonhallucinogenic psychoplastogens for treating diseases where the use of psychedelics presents significant safety concerns.

Comparative analysis of oral health behaviour and utilisation of oral health care services in the general population and among patients with non-communicable diseases in Korea: a repeated cross-sectional survey conducted from 2008 to 2022

Background Understanding the oral health behaviour and utilisation of oral health care services among patients with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is essential for the development of oral health care management services for these patients. In this study, we comparatively analysed the trends in oral health behaviour and oral health care service utilisation among patients with various NCDs and the general population. Methods We analysed data obtained via the Korea Community Health Survey from 2008 to 2022. Comparative analyses of the general population and patients with 15 different NCDs, including diabetes mellitus and depression, were conducted for the following variables: toothbrushing practice, use of dental floss and interdental brushes, annual scaling (tartar removal), and annual oral examinations. Joinpoint regression analyses were used to assess for statistically significant changes in oral health behaviour and oral health care service utilisation according to year and region. Results Overall, oral health behaviour steadily improved in the general population and among patients with NCDs. However, the rates of toothbrushing before going to bed in patients with hypertension (90.0%) and diabetes mellitus (88.7%) were still lower than that in the general population (92.9%) in 2022. Regarding oral health service utilisation, the rates of annual scaling and oral examination among patients with NCDs, apart from those with dyslipidaemia, were lower than those in the general population. For example, in 2017, the rates of annual scaling and oral examination of patients with diabetes mellitus were 43.4% and 36.5%, respectively. These rates were lower than those in the general population, at 47.2% and 43.0%, respectively. In terms of inter-regional variations in oral health-related indicators, considerable inter-regional variations were observed in the oral health behaviour and oral health care service utilisation of patients with NCDs. Conclusion This study highlighted that the practice and utilisation rates of oral health behaviour and oral health care services, respectively, among patients with NCDs have increased. However, in comparison with those of the general population, further improvements are necessary. A practical solution could be to establish a system that provides all necessary oral-related services, such as patient education and oral examinations, to NCDs patients through medical-dental integration or oral medical care coordination.

To establish and validate autophagy related biomarkers for the diagnosis of IgA nephropathy

A plant CLE peptide and its fungal mimic promote arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis via CRN-mediated ROS suppression

CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-related (CLE) peptides have emerged as key regulators of plant–microbe interactions, including arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. Here, we identify Medicago truncatula CLE16 as a positive regulator of AM symbiosis. MtCLE16 is expressed in root cells colonized by AM fungi (AMF) and its overexpression within colonized tissues increases arbuscule abundance by finetuning their growth and lifespan. Functional and transcriptomic analyses reveal that MtCLE16 acts via the M. truncatula pseudokinase CORYNE (MtCRN) and suppresses the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in roots, thereby attenuating immune responses and promoting root colonization by mutualistic AM fungi. Notably, AMF also express MtCLE16-like peptides. We show that the Rhizophagus irregularis MtCLE16-like peptide, RiCLE1, also attenuates ROS and promotes AMF colonization via MtCRN. This finding suggests that RiCLE1 can interfere with the MtCLE16-MtCRN signaling module of host roots to benefit the fungus. Our research uncovers a functional mechanism underpinning cross-kingdom signaling and molecular mimicry in mutualistic plant–microbe interactions.

Social robot PIO intervention for improving cognitive function and depression in older adults with mild to moderate dementia in day care centers: A randomized controlled trial

The increases in the older population, the prevalence of dementia, and the resulting social costs are burdensome to individuals, families, and the nation. This study examines whether the social robot PIO program intervention is effective for cognitive function and depression for older adults with mild to moderate dementia using two daycare centers in Daegu, Korea. Older adults with mild to moderate dementia and using a daycare center were included in the experimental (n = 33) and control (n = 33) groups. The experimental group participated in the social robot PIO program twice a week, 12 sessions, 50 minutes day for 6 weeks, and the control group received the usual care. From October 2022 through December 2022, a total 66 participants were included. Results showed that the cognitive function of the experimental group increased by 3.9±3.66, from 18.1±4.54 before intervention to 21.9±5.17 after intervention; the control group increased by 0.1±4.13, from 18.2±4.91 before intervention to 18.2± 4.77 after intervention. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t = 3.94, p<.001). Depression decreased -0.7±3.48 in the experimental group, from 5.9±4.74 before intervention to 5.2±4.65 after intervention, and decreased by -0.2±3.42, from 6.5±4.69 before intervention to 6.4±4.08 after intervention, in the control group, but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (z = -0.59, p =.557). It was confirmed that the social robot PIO program is effective in improving cognitive function in older people with mild to moderate dementia who use daycare centers. Therefore, it is recommended to periodically implement this program for the older adults who use daycare centers to improve cognitive function. The experimental group had lower depression than did those in the control group, but the effect is not statistically significant, so additional research is required. Trial Registration: CRIS (KCT0007936)

Establishment and validation of a nomogram to predict overall survival for patients with primary renal neuroendocrine tumor

Assessing grand narratives of economic inequality across time

Long-entrenched grand narratives have tied inequality in large human aggregations to generally linear trends, a direct outcome of domestication, then fostered by population growth and/or stepped scalar transitions in the hierarchical complexity of human institutions. This general pattern has been argued to short-circuit or reverse only in the context of cataclysmic disasters or societal breakdowns. Yet, for the most part, these universal deterministic frameworks have been constructed from historical or ethnographic snapshots in time and afford little systematic attention to human institutions or agency. Here, we leverage quantitative, temporally defined archaeological, and ethnographic data from a suite of global regions, most of which transitioned through the process of urbanism and complex hierarchy formation, to examine shifts in degrees of inequality over time. Although broad temporal patterns are evidenced, the regional trends in inequality are neither linear, uniform, nor triggered immediately or mechanically by Malthusian dynamics or scalar increases.

Correction: Error mitigation in LPWAN systems: A study on the efficacy of Hamming-coded RPW

Orthodontic treatment after occlusal intervention balances osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation via SIRT1 beta catenin signaling in rats with hypofunctional occlusion

Kuznets’ tides: An archaeological perspective on the long-term dynamics of sustainable development

Understanding the relationship between inequality and economic growth is a critical science problem that hinders sustainable development. In 1955, Simon Kuznets hypothesized that rising economic growth raises inequality, which levels off as that growth continues. Kuznets’ “curve,” which is a cornerstone of development economics, was based on data from a small sample of rich capitalist economies. Here, we draw on the GINI database, which includes area measurements of 53,464 residences from 1,176 settlements dating from 21,000 BC to the present, and published data from the Spatial Analysis in Maya Studies (SAMS) group, to radically reevaluate Kuznets’ curve. We use Gini coefficients of residential disparity, a proxy of inequality, and mean residence area, a proxy of productivity, to investigate past sustainable development in the Bronze Age Interaction Zone (BAIZ), the Mundo Maya, and Britain prior to, over the course of, and after the Roman conquest. We interpolate spatial patterns across each zone to statistically evaluate changes in inequality and economic growth. We find a recurring pattern in which phases of sustainable development, a rise in productivity without a rise in inequality, gave way to increasing inequality. These patterns resemble those Branko Milanovic termed “Kuznets’ waves,” albeit at timescales better described as “tides,” which began after the introduction of weight metrology, an early form of economic governance associated with long-distance exchange. We posit that past sustainable development was predicated on balancing reciprocity from the bottom–up with mechanisms like early weight metrology but was repeatedly forestalled as inchoate elites co-opted these mechanisms.