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Author Correction: Estimating the optimal age for infant measles vaccination
Cytokine profiles dynamics in COVID-19 patients: a longitudinal analysis of disease severity and outcomes
Piezoelectric Transition in a Nonpyroelectric Gyroidal Metal–Organic Framework
IKAROS levels are associated with antigen escape in CD19- and CD22-targeted therapies for B-cell malignancies
Abstract Antigen escape relapse is a major challenge in targeted immunotherapies, including CD19- and CD22-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). To identify tumor-intrinsic factors driving antigen loss, we perform single-cell analyses on 61 B-ALL patient samples treated with CAR T cells. Here we show that low levels of IKAROS in pro-B-like B-ALL cells before CAR T treatment correlate with antigen escape. IKAROSlow B-ALL cells undergo epigenetic and transcriptional changes that diminish B-cell identity, making them resemble progenitor cells. This shift leads to reduced CD19 and CD22 surface expression. We demonstrate that CD19 and CD22 expression is IKAROS dose-dependent and reversible. Furthermore, IKAROSlow cells exhibit higher resistance to CD19- and CD22-targeted therapies. These findings establish a role for IKAROS as a regulator of antigens targeted by widely used immunotherapies and in the risk of antigen escape relapse, identifying it as a potential prognostic target.
Creep characteristics of muddy siltstone and its engineering application on cross-river tunnel stability
Poleward shift of subtropical highs drives Patagonian glacier mass loss
A robust and personalized privacy-preserving approach for adaptive clustered federated distillation
Abstract Federated learning (FL) is a promising approach that addresses privacy, and scalability concerns in contrast to traditional centralized methods. Challenges such as personalization and data heterogeneity issues remain critical. Clustered federated learning (CFL) has been proposed as a promising approach to alleviate these issues by establishing specialized global models for sets of similar users. Although CFL enhances adaptability to highly statistically heterogeneous environments, it may suffer from real-time distribution changes due to limitations in fixed cluster configurations. This study presents the robust model of personalized federated distillation (RMPFD), a personalized and privacy-enhanced framework. The RMPFD framework employs an adaptive hierarchical clustering strategy to generate semi-global models by grouping clients with similar data distributions, allowing them to train independently. Meta-learning is used in each cluster to enhance the personalization of the local models and the classification accuracy of the non-independent and Identically distributed (non-IID) data distributions. Experimental evaluations conducted on CIFAR- 10, CIFAR- 100, Fashion-MNIST and Enron email datasets reveal that RMPFD reduces communication overhead by approximately 15% and 20%, compared to Federated Averaging (FedAvg) and other baseline techniques. Moreover, the RMPFD framework improves the convergence rates and classification accuracy, leading to an improvement of over 12% in performance compared to traditional FL methods.
Giant Near-Infrared Induced Polarization Change via a Long-Lived Hidden Phase of a Valence Tautomeric Complex
UBL7 is indispensable for spermiogenesis through protecting critical factors from excessive degradation by proteasomes
Author Correction: Utility of a commercial antibody against NTRK1 for western blotting and potential application to immunohistochemistry in adult mouse brain
Semiartificial Photoelectrochemistry for CO<sub>2</sub>-Mediated Enantioselective Organic Synthesis
Defining essential charged residues in fibril formation of a lysosomal derived N-terminal α-synuclein truncation
Abstract N- and C-terminal α-synuclein (α-syn) truncations are prevalent in Parkinson’s disease. Effects of the N- and C-terminal residues on α-syn aggregation and fibril propagation are distinct, where the N-terminus dictates fibril structure. Here, the majority of α-syn truncations are assigned by intact mass spectrometry to lysosomal activity. To delineate essential charged residues in fibril formation, we selected an N-terminal truncation (66–140) that is generated solely from soluble α-syn by asparagine endopeptidase. Ala-substitutions at K80 and E83 impact aggregation kinetics, revealing their vital roles in defining fibril polymorphism. K80, E83, and K97 are identified to be critical for fibril elongation. Based on solid-state NMR, mutational and Raman studies, and molecular dynamics simulations, a E83–K97 salt bridge is proposed. Finally, participation of C-terminal Lys residues in the full-length α-syn fibril assembly process is also shown, highlighting that individual residues can be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
GaN HEMTs-based compact power factor corrected 96.1% peak efficiency LED driver with gate assisted circuit
Rapid assay development for low input targeted proteomics using a versatile linear ion trap
Abstract Advances in proteomics and mass spectrometry enable the study of limited cell populations, where high-mass accuracy instruments are typically required. While triple quadrupoles offer fast and sensitive low-mass specificity measurements, these instruments are effectively restricted to targeted proteomics. Linear ion traps (LITs) offer a versatile, cost-effective alternative capable of both targeted and global proteomics. Here, we describe a workflow using a hybrid quadrupole-LIT instrument that rapidly develops targeted proteomics assays from global data-independent acquisition (DIA) measurements without high-mass accuracy. Using an automated software approach for scheduling parallel reaction monitoring assays (PRM), we show consistent quantification across three orders of magnitude in a matched-matrix background. We demonstrate measuring low-level proteins such as transcription factors and cytokines with quantitative linearity below two orders of magnitude in a 1 ng background proteome without requiring stable isotope-labeled standards. From a 1 ng sample, we found clear consistency between proteins in subsets of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells measured using high dimensional flow cytometry and LIT-based proteomics. Based on these results, we believe hybrid quadrupole-LIT instruments represent a valuable solution to expanding mass spectrometry in a wide variety of laboratory settings.
Failure analysis of bolts in deluge valve bonnet in cooling tower system in petrochemical plant
Abstract Machine bolts installed on the bonnet of OS&Y (outside screw & yoke) deluge gate valve 6″, were found cracked or broken in service. The gate valves are part of the petrochemical plant fire protection system. The result of chemical analysis of the received bolts samples, indicates that their composition corresponds to a TWIP steel, having high manganese (16 wt.%) and high chromium (9 wt.%). The microstructural examination of cross sections of bolts, revealed an austenite microstructure with high number density of deformation twinning and slip lines specially at the failure zones, which is typical of the cold deformed TWIP steels. The hardness distribution within the bolt’s head and the head to shank zone was not homogeneous, ranging between 225 HV0.1 in the shank central zone and 470 HV0.1 at the curved highly stressed zone of the bolt neck. Both the cracked and broken bolts appeared corroded specially at the failure zone of the head to shank neck. The EDS analysis of corrosion products inside cracks indicated high concentration of Cr, Mn, Cu, O and traces of mineral elements of Si, S, Cl, K and Ca. The XRD analysis identified the Chromium Iron Manganese intermetallic Cr5Fe6Mn8 and Iron Manganese Carbide Fe2.7Mn3C in the bolt matrix and formation of “Spinel” Copper Chromite CuCr2O4 and Iron Manganese Oxide MnFe2O4. The cracks appeared to originate at corrosion pits formed at the crevice between the bolt head and the underneath washer and nut at the head to shank fillet radius and on bolt neck zone, which have high concentration of corrosive species from the humid salty marine atmosphere. The cracks then propagate in perpendicular direction to the tensile stress direction of the bolt torque. The fractography examination of the cracked bolts cross sections and the broken bolts fracture surface depicted mixed ductile/dimpled mode with areas of quasi-cleavage transgranular and intergranular crack propagation. These observations suggest the failure mechanism to be hydrogen embrittlement–assisted chloride—stress corrosion cracking HE-assisted Cl-SCC.