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Leucine rich repeat containing 15 promotes triple-negative breast cancer proliferation and invasion via the ITGB1/FAK/PI3K signalling pathway
Quantum reservoir probing of quantum phase transitions
Natural averaging may complement known biological constraints in sexual reproduction’s advantages over asexual in conserving species quantitative traits
Growth of continental crust and lithosphere subduction in the Hadean revealed by geochemistry and geodynamics
Design of multiple-stage hydraulic cylinder for structural safety and sealing analysis
Adaptive mechanisms of social and asocial learning in immersive collective foraging
Abstract Human cognition is distinguished by our ability to adapt to different environments and circumstances. Yet the mechanisms driving adaptive behavior have predominantly been studied in separate asocial and social contexts, with an integrated framework remaining elusive. Here, we use a collective foraging task in a virtual Minecraft environment to integrate these two fields, by leveraging automated transcriptions of visual field data combined with high-resolution spatial trajectories. Our behavioral analyses capture both the structure and temporal dynamics of social interactions, which are then directly tested using computational models sequentially predicting each foraging decision. These results reveal that adaptation mechanisms of both asocial foraging and selective social learning are driven by individual foraging success (rather than social factors). Furthermore, it is the degree of adaptivity—of both asocial and social learning—that best predicts individual performance. These findings not only integrate theories across asocial and social domains, but also provide key insights into the adaptability of human decision-making in complex and dynamic social landscapes.
Gene expression analyses on Dickeya solani strains of diverse virulence levels unveil important pathogenicity factors for this species
This is not the new colour that scientists have created
Emergent clusteroluminescence from nonemissive molecules
Abstract Once considered the exclusive property of conjugated molecules, efficient and visible-light luminescence from non-conjugated and nonemissive molecules in the clustered state, known as clusteroluminescence (CL), has attracted much attention recently due to its special photophysical behaviors and behind electronic interactions. This perspective discusses the development of the CL phenomenon, followed by the typical photophysical features, examples, mechanisms, and potential applications of CL materials, to provide a comprehensive picture of this emerging field. Starting with organic clusters, inorganic, metallic, and hybrid clusters with CL properties are also introduced, and the perspective shift from covalent interactions at the molecular level to non-covalent interactions at the aggregate level is invoked.
Spatial and temporal modeling of conflict related fatality and public health implications in Nigeria
Daily briefing: Bite marks on bones hint that Romans really did fight lions
Multimodal gradients unify local and global cortical organization
Abstract Functional specialization of brain areas and subregions, as well as their integration into large-scale networks, are key principles in neuroscience. Consolidating both local and global perspectives on cortical organization, however, remains challenging. Here, we present an approach to integrate inter- and intra-areal similarities of microstructure, structural connectivity, and functional interactions. Using high-field in-vivo 7 tesla (7 T) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data and a probabilistic post-mortem atlas of cortical cytoarchitecture, we derive multimodal gradients that capture cortex-wide organization. Inter-areal similarities follow a canonical sensory-fugal gradient, linking cortical integration with functional diversity across tasks. However, intra-areal heterogeneity does not follow this pattern, with greater variability in association cortices. Findings are replicated in an independent 7 T dataset and a 100-subject 3 tesla (3 T) cohort. These results highlight a robust coupling between local arealization and global cortical motifs, advancing our understanding of how specialization and integration shape human brain function.
Neural correlates of altered reward-driven attention in chronic pain and opioid use
ZMYND8 drives HER2 antibody resistance in breast cancer via lipid control of IL-27
Associations between daily composition of 24 h physical behavior with affective states and working memory
Abstract The daily association between 24-hour physical behavior compositions (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), standing, sedentary, and sleep) and psychological outcomes—such as momentary affective state assessments and working memory—remains understudied. We investigated whether the daily 24-hour compositions, particularly MVPA and SB considering the remaining behaviors, are associated with affective states and working memory. We conducted an ambulatory assessment study with 199 university employees. Physical behaviors were measured continuously via thigh-worn accelerometers throughout the day. Affective states (i.e., valence, energetic arousal, and calmness) and working memory performance (i.e., numeric updating task) were captured up to six times a day via electronic diaries and tasks on a smartphone. We conducted Bayesian multilevel compositional data analysis to analyze within-person, and between-person associations of 24-hour physical behavior composition with affective states, and working memory. Aggregated same-day outcomes were used for main analyses to capture concurrent associations, and next-day outcomes were used for exploratory analyses to capture prospective associations. Concurrent analyses showed that higher moderate-to-vigorous physical activity relative to the remaining physical behaviors was associated with 2.49 [95%CI 1.00, 4.06] higher valence and 3.65 [95%CI 2.11, 5.28] higher energetic arousal (but not calmness) ratings at the within-person, but not at the between-person level. Sedentary behavior relative to the remaining physical behaviors was not associated with any affective states. Spending more time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, followed by light physical activity, and standing, each at the expense of the other behaviors was associated with higher affective state ratings on the same day (between-person: ≥1.29 [0.19, 2.51] higher valence, 1.23 [0.04, 2.40] higher calmness; within-person: ≥0.62 [0.04, 1.22] higher valence, ≥ 1.10 [0.63, 1.58] higher energetic arousal, ≥ 0.95 [0.18, 1.74] higher calmness). The 24-hour physical behavior composition was not associated with working memory. Findings underline the importance of the 24-hour composition of physical behavior for mental health, by demonstrating significant concurrent associations with affective states. Even small reallocations of behaviors may positively influence affective states, providing valuable insights for the development of future interventions.
Audio long read: Do smartphones and social media really harm teens’ mental health?
The bat influenza A virus subtype H18N11 induces nanoscale MHCII clustering upon host cell attachment
Abstract Prior to the discovery of bat influenza A virus (IAV) subtypes H17N10 and H18N11, all IAVs were thought to bind sialic acid residues via hemagglutinin (HA) to mediate attachment and subsequent viral entry. However, H17 and H18 engage a proteinaceous receptor: the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII). The mechanistic details of this hitherto unknown protein-mediated entry are not understood. Given that conventional IAVs rely on multivalent binding to sialylated glycans, we hypothesized that bat HA similarly interacts with multiple MHCII molecules. Using photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM) on fixed and live cells, we demonstrate that bat IAV particles attach to pre-existing MHCII clusters and induce a further increase in cluster size upon binding. To measure the impact of viral attachment on the dynamics of MHCII, we employ an “inverse attachment” approach, immobilizing viral particles on coverslips before seeding live MHCII-expressing cells on top. Single-molecule tracking reveals that the mobility of MHCII is indeed slowed down in viral proximity leading to a local enrichment of MHCII molecules beneath the viral particle. These findings suggest that viral attachment induces MHCII clustering, a process similar to the MHCII dynamics observed during the formation of an immunological synapse.