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Antimicrobial potential of essential oil from Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis (P. caribaea) sap
Contact-free magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy with acoustic levitation
Abstract Conventional magnetic resonance measurements often rely on the use of sample containers. This limits the implementation of time-resolved studies at the molecular level of liquid samples undergoing evaporation or other dynamic phenomena that require access to the liquid-gas interface. In this study, we developed a demagnetized acoustic levitator to perform magnetic resonance studies on liquid samples, in a contact-free manner. The performance of the levitator inside a 7.05 T magnetic field was examined and magnetic resonance images of the levitator and the levitated samples were acquired. Then, we collected magnetic resonance spectra of the levitated droplets by applying localized and non-localized pulse sequences and we examined the effect of the droplet shape on the chemical shift. Additionally, we conducted time-resolved experiments on pure solvents and mixtures, and captured physical and chemical molecular interactions, in real-time. This approach enables contact-free studies at the molecular level of dynamic phenomena on a microliter droplet using magnetic resonance techniques.
Design and experimental validation of a compact dual band double negative metamaterial for energy harvesting applications
IL-17A-producing NKp44(−) group 3 innate lymphoid cells accumulate in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis duodenal tissue
Abstract Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an inherited gastrointestinal syndrome associated with duodenal adenoma formation. Even among carriers of the same genetic variant, duodenal phenotypes vary, indicating that additional factors, such as the local immune system, play a role. We observe an increase in duodenal IL-17A(+)NKp44(−) innate lymphoid type 3 cell (ILC3) in FAP, localized near the epithelium and enriched in adenomas and carcinomas. Elevated IL1B, IL23A, and DLL4 transcript levels correlate with IL-17A(+)NKp44(−)ILC3 accumulation, and in vitro studies with duodenal organoids confirmed this relationship. Bulk RNA sequencing reveals upregulated Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-inducing enzymes DUOX2 and DUOXA2 in FAP adenomas. IL-17A-stimulated FAP organoids show increased DUOX2/DUOXA2 expression, Duox2 protein, and ROS production, leading to DNA damage, suggesting a mechanism by which these immune cells promote tumorigenesis. These findings suggest IL-17A(+)NKp44(–)ILC3s may contribute to a local environment that makes the epithelium more submissive for oncogenic transformation in FAP.
Effects of dodecyl amide, nano calcium carbonate, and dry resin on asphalt concrete cohesion and adhesion failures in moisture conditions
Single influenza A viruses induce nanoscale cellular reprogramming at the virus-cell interface
Abstract During infection, individual virions trigger specific cellular signaling at the virus-cell interface, a nanoscale region of the plasma membrane in direct contact with the virus. However, virus-induced receptor recruitment and cellular activation are transient processes that occur within minutes at the nanoscale. Hence, the temporal and spatial kinetics of such early events often remain poorly understood due to technical limitations. To address this challenge, we develop a protocol to covalently immobilize labelled influenza A viruses on glass surfaces before exposing them to live epithelial cells. Our method extends the observation time for virus-plasma membrane association while minimizing viral modifications, facilitating live imaging of virus-cell interactions. Using single-molecule super-resolution microscopy, we investigate virus-receptor interaction showing that viral receptors exhibit reduced mobility at the virus-binding site, which leads to a specific local receptor accumulation and turnover. We further follow the dynamics of clathrin-mediated endocytosis at the single-virus level and demonstrate the recruitment of adaptor protein 2 (AP-2), previously thought to be uninvolved in influenza A virus infection. Finally, we examine the nanoscale organization of the actin cytoskeleton at the virus-binding site, showing a local and dynamic response of the cellular actin cortex to the infecting virus.
Low power IoT device communication through hybrid AES-RSA encryption in MRA mode
UFC1 reveals the multifactorial and plastic nature of oxyanion holes in E2 conjugating enzymes
A population based optimization of convolutional neural networks for chronic kidney disease prediction
Microbial dormancy as an ecological and biogeochemical regulator on Earth
Abstract Virtually all of Earth’s ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles are underpinned – and often driven – by the activity (or inactivity) of microorganisms. Dormancy, a reversible state of reduced metabolic activity, is ubiquitous among microbial communities in environments ranging from moderate to extreme. Dormancy enables microorganisms to withstand severe and widespread environmental changes. Here I argue that dormancy exerts a powerful influence on Earth’s ecological and biogeochemical architecture through space and time, and over vast scales. Dormancy manifests differently across taxonomically and functionally distinct microbial groups, and operates over timescales ranging from hours to millennia – enabling microorganisms to interact with the geosphere over geologically relevant timescales. As such, dormancy may play a crucial role in shaping ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles throughout the Earth system. Interdisciplinary, integrative geosphere-biosphere approaches will be essential for advancing our understanding of how microbial dormancy underpins the co-evolution of Earth, its biosphere, and their interactions.
Microbiological analysis of cigarette butts and cigarette butt fibers on a tourist beach in Cartagena, Colombia
Publisher Correction: Unconventional (anti)ferroelectricity in van der Waals group-IV monochalcogenides
Author Correction: Immediate effect of ice and dry massage during rest breaks on recovery in MMA fighters: a randomized crossover clinical trial study
Engineering aptamer-directed phosphatase recruiting chimeras: a strategy for modulating receptor function and overcoming drug resistance
Structural optimization of different truss designs using two archive multi objective crystal structure optimization algorithm
Abstract Optimizing a multi-objective structure is a challenging design problem that requires handling several competing goals and constraints. Despite their success in resolving such issues, metaheuristics can be difficult to apply due to their stochastic nature and restrictions. This work proposes the multi-objective crystal structure optimizer (MOCRY), a potent and effective optimizer, to address this problem. The MOCRY algorithm, also known as MOCRY2arc, is built on a two-archive idea centered on diversity and convergence, respectively. The efficacy of MOCRY2arc in solving five typical planar and spatial real-world structure optimization issues was assessed. Because of these problems, safety and size limits were put on discrete cross-sectional regions and component stress. At the same time, different goals were being pursued, such as making nodal points bend more and reducing the mass of trusses. Four recognized standard evaluators—Hypervolume (HV), Generational-Inverted Generational Distance (GD, IGD), Spacing to Extent Metrics (STE), convergence, and diversity plots—were utilized to compare the results with those of nine sophisticated optimization techniques, including MOCRY and NSGA-II. Moreover, the Friedman rank test and comparison analysis showed that MOCRY2arc performed better at resolving big structure optimization issues in a shorter amount of computing time. In addition to identifying and realizing effective Pareto-optimal sets, the recommended method produced strong variety and convergence in the objective and choice spaces. As a result, MOCRY2arc may be a useful tool for handling challenging multi-objective structure optimization issues.
Temperate forests can deliver future wood demand and climate-change mitigation dependent on afforestation and circularity
Abstract Global wood demand is expected to rise but supply capacity is questioned due to limited forest resources. Additionally, the global warming potential (GWP) impact of increased wood supply and use is not well understood. We propose a framework combining forest carbon modelling and dynamic consequential life-cycle assessment to evaluate this impact. Applying it to generic temperate forest, we show that afforestation to double productive forest area combined with enhanced productivity can meet lower-bound wood demand projections from 2058. Temperate forestry value-chains can achieve cumulative GWP benefit of up to 265 Tg CO 2 -equivalent (CO 2 e) by 2100 per 100,000 ha of forest (if expanded to 200,000 ha through afforestation). Net GWP balance depends on which overseas forests supply domestic shortfalls, how wood is used, and the rate of industrial decarbonisation. Increased wood-use could aid climate-change mitigation, providing it is coupled with a long-term planting strategy, enhanced forest productivity and efficient wood use.
Punicalagin relieves hepatic injury by antioxidation and enhancement of autophagy in diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Dissociable encoding of evolving beliefs and momentary belief updates in distinct neural decision signals
Abstract Making accurate decisions in noisy environments requires integrating evidence over time. Studies of simple perceptual decisions in static environments have identified two human neurophysiological signals that evolve with similar integration dynamics, with one - the centroparietal positivity - appearing to compute the running integral and continuously feed it to the other - motor beta lateralisation. However, it remains unknown whether and how these signals serve more distinct functional roles in more complex scenarios. Here, we use a volatile expanded judgement task that dissociates raw sensory information, belief updates, and the evolving belief itself. We find that motor beta lateralisation traces the evolving belief across stimuli, while the centroparietal positivity locally encodes the belief updates associated with each individual stimulus. These results suggest a flexible computational hierarchy where context-dependent belief updates can be computed sample-by-sample at an intermediate processing level to modify downstream belief representations for protracted decisions about discrete stimuli.
A stretchable and biomimetic polyurethane membrane for lung alveolar in vitro modelling
Abstract The lung alveolus constitutes a morphologically and mechanistically complex tissue that is constantly subjected to cyclic tension and exhibits unique elastic properties. Available materials used to mimic alveolar tissue often lack biomimicry and the mechanical properties required for cyclic tension. Here, we report a fully synthetic fibrous polyurethane scaffold that approximates tissue stiffness, is elastic under breathing simulations and supports long-term culture of alveolar epithelial-like cells. Using electrospinning a fibrous membrane of tuneable thickness, set fibre diameter and small pore size is prepared. When subjected to cyclic uniaxial tension the material retains its elasticity at both low and high frequency mimicking human and mouse breathing. Thanks to the small pore size, lung alveolar cells can be cultured on its apical surface forming an epithelial monolayer. This monolayer can be maintained long term (at least 15 days) and in an air–liquid interface. In the latter conditions, cells differentiate and exhibit expression of surfactant protein A, a constituent of the surfactant layer that plays a key role in lung physiology. Owing to its lung-mimicking characteristics, the electrospun membrane holds the potential to be adapted for breathing lung models.