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Exploring techno-economic landscapes of abatement options for hard-to-electrify sectors
Abstract Approximately 20% of global CO 2 emissions originate from sectors often labeled as hard-to-abate, which are challenging or impossible to electrify. Alternative abatement options are necessary for these sectors but face critical bottlenecks, particularly concerning the availability and cost of low-emission hydrogen, carbon capture and storage, and non-fossil CO 2 for synthetic fuels or carbon-dioxide removal. In this study, we conduct a broad techno-economic analysis, mapping abatement options and hard-to-electrify sectors while addressing associated technological uncertainties. Our findings reveal a diverse mitigation landscape that can be categorized into three tiers, based on the abatement cost and technologies required. By requiring long-term climate neutrality through simple conditions, the mitigation landscape narrows substantially, with single options dominating each sector. This clarity justifies targeted political support for sector-specific abatement options, increasing investment security for transforming hard-to-electrify sectors.
Theoretical and simulation analysis of a rectangular crack in the piezoelectric material
Dissecting cross-population polygenic heterogeneity across respiratory and cardiometabolic diseases
Computational intelligence modeling and optimization of small molecule API solubility in supercritical solvent for production of drug nanoparticles
Association between lean body mass and osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study from the NHANES 2007–2018
The dynamics of leadership and success in software development teams
Epidemiology and predictors of suicide and suicide attempt in Northwest Iran: a pilot study for local prevention strategies
Probabilistic alignment of multiple networks
Study on the preparation of sterile noble metal nanoparticles and hydrotalcite layered nanoparticles by innovative high pressure sterilization method
Enhanced heating effect of lakes under global warming
Leveraging multi-source data and teleconnection indices for enhanced runoff prediction using coupled deep learning models
Biotic resistance predictably shifts microbial invasion regimes
Abstract Invading new territory is a central aspect of the microbial lifestyle. However, invading microbes rarely find novel territories uninhabited; resident microbes can interact with the newcomers and, in many cases, impede their invasion – an effect known as ‘biotic resistance’. Accordingly, invasions are shaped by the interplay between dispersal and resistance. However, these two factors are difficult to disentangle or manipulate in natural systems, making their interplay challenging to understand. To address this challenge, we track microbial invasions in the lab over space and time – first in a model system of two interacting microbes, then in a multi-strain system involving a pathogen invading resident communities. In the presence of biotic resistance, we observe three qualitatively different invasion regimes: ‘consistent’, ‘pulsed’, and ‘pinned’, where, in the third regime, strong biotic resistance stalls the invasion entirely despite ongoing invader dispersal. These rich invasion dynamics could be qualitatively predicted with a simple, parameter-free framework that ignores individual species interactions, even for rather complex communities. Moreover, we show that this simple framework could accurately predict simulated invasions from different mechanistic models, indicating its broad applicability. Our work offers an understanding of how biotic resistance impacts invasions and introduces a predictive tool to identify invasion-resistant communities.
Multi-objective optimization design for accelerated degradation test based on game theory
Transitioning to healthy and sustainable diets has higher environmental and affordability trade-offs for emerging and developing economies
Graphene-PbS quantum dot hybrid photodetectors from 200 mm wafer scale processing
Abstract A 200 mm processing platform for the large-scale production of graphene field-effect transistor-quantum dot (GFET-QD) hybrid photodetectors is demonstrated. A comprehensive statistical analysis of the electrical data revealed a high yield (96%) and low variation in the 200 mm scale fabrication. The GFET-QD devices deliver responsivities of 105 to 106 V/W in the wavelength range from 400 to 1800 nm with a response time of 10 ms. The spectral sensitivity compares well to that obtained via similar GFET-QD photodetectors. The device concept enables gate-tunable suppression or enhancement of the photovoltage, which may be exploited for electric shutter operation by toggling between the signal capture and shutter states. The devices show good stability over a wide operation range. Furthermore, an integration solution with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology is presented to realize image-sensor-array chips and a proof-of-concept image system. This work demonstrates the potential for the volume manufacture of infrared photodetectors for a wide range of imaging applications.
Reversible control over the distribution of chemical inhomogeneities in multiferroic BiFeO3
Abstract Despite the appeal of flawless order, semiconductor technology has demonstrated that implanting inhomogeneities into single-crystalline materials is pivotal for modern electronics. However, the influence of the local arrangement of chemical inhomogeneities on the material’s functionalities is underexplored. In this work, we control the distribution of chemical inhomogeneities in La3+-substituted ferroelectric BiFeO3 thin films. By means of a stress- and composition-driven phase transition, we trigger the formation of a lattice of La3+-rich and La3+-poor layers. This ordering correlates with the emergence of an antipolar phase. An electric field restores the original ferroelectric phase and re-randomizes the distribution of the La3+ inhomogeneities. Leveraging these insights, we tune the polar/antipolar phase coexistence to set the net polarization of La0.15Bi0.85FeO3 to any desired value between its saturation limits. Finally, we control the net polarization response in device-compliant capacitor heterostructures to show that inhomogeneity-distribution control is a valuable tool in the design of functional oxide electronics.
Mechanistic insights into proteasome inhibitor MG132 induced apoptosis in melanoma A375 cells
S-nitrosylation of EZH2 alters PRC2 assembly, methyltransferase activity, and EZH2 stability to maintain endothelial homeostasis
Abstract Nitric oxide (NO), a versatile bio-active molecule modulates cellular functions through diverse mechanisms including S-nitrosylation of proteins. Herein, we report S-nitrosylation of selected cysteine residues of EZH2 in endothelial cells, which interplays with its stability and functions. We detect a significant reduction in H3K27me3 upon S-nitrosylation of EZH2 as contributed by the early dissociation of SUZ12 from the PRC2. Moreover, S-nitrosylation of EZH2 causes its cytosolic translocation, ubiquitination, and degradation. Further analysis reveal S-nitrosylation of cysteine 329 induces EZH2 instability, whereas S-nitrosylation of cysteine 700 abrogates its catalytic activity. We further show that S-nitrosylation-dependent regulation of EZH2 maintains endothelial homeostasis in both physiological and pathological settings. Molecular dynamics simulation reveals the inability of SUZ12 to efficiently bind to the SAL domain of EZH2 upon S-nitrosylation. Taken together, our study reports S-nitrosylation-dependent regulation of EZH2 and its associated PRC2 complex, thereby influencing the epigenetics of endothelial homeostasis.