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Tropical origins of the recent trends in Northern Hemisphere wintertime jet streams
Abstract Mid-latitude jet streams are fundamental to global weather and influence high-impact meteorological events. Climate models consistently project a poleward shift of the jets under anthropogenic warming and evidence for such a shift recently emerged in reanalysis data. Here we show that trends in Northern Hemisphere winter jet streams over the past 45 years are closely linked to the increased number of intense mid-latitude precipitation events over a large area in the western North Pacific, themselves favored by tropical precipitation anomalies associated with the more recurrent La-Niña-like conditions but also during recent El-Nino seasons when the Madden Julian Oscillation is under phases 4 to 6. During these events, the North Pacific jet is accelerated on its poleward flank followed by an acceleration of the North Atlantic jet. The findings reveal that tropical Pacific precipitation trends, through their modulation of quasi-stationary and synoptic eddy activity, play a pivotal role in shaping recent mid-latitude jet stream trends in the Northern Hemisphere. This provides an avenue of research to evaluate climate models and their ability to reproduce historical and future trends.
The experience of individuals following non-surgical management of Achilles tendon rupture in the United Kingdom – a qualitative study
Objectives Despite extensive research on Achilles tendon ruptures (ATR), the lived experience of patients remains under explored. This study aimed to investigate the experiences of individuals managed non-surgically within the National Health Service (NHS). Design Qualitative study using semi-structured, one-to-one interviews. Setting NHS services in the United Kingdom providing non-surgical management for ATR. Participants Fifteen patients (mean age 54.5 years) who had sustained an ATR and were managed non-surgically. Participants were recruited from a specialist ATR clinic. Methods A stakeholder-informed topic guide was used to conduct semi-structured interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Coding was undertaken independently by two researchers, with themes reviewed by the full research team. The study followed COREQ guidelines for qualitative reporting. Results Three themes were identified: (1) The experience of injury and entering the healthcare system: ‘it felt as if my whole ankle had exploded’ participants described sudden injury onset, sometimes painless, and varied understanding of treatment options; (2) The experience of non-surgical immobilisation: ‘you’re being told so much in that first session…I just couldn’t remember’ boot immobilisation was valued for mobility but challenged comfort and self-management; and (3) The rehabilitation journey: ‘it happened so unexpectedly so it can happen again’ fear and uncertainty about rehabilitation and returning to sport were common, shaping participant’s rehabilitation experience. Conclusions This study highlights how diverse ATR injury experiences, early management variability, and boot-related challenges impact recovery. Fear of re-rupture shapes rehabilitation and return to sport, emphasising the need for clearer guidance on boot use, weightbearing, and rehabilitation progression, alongside consistent healthcare professional support to optimise outcomes.
STG-DB net for athlete pose estimation and pose rational optimization in complex sports scenes
Complete enzyme clustering enhances coenzyme Q biosynthesis via substrate channeling
Patients’ trust in healthcare providers and associated factors among hospitalized patients in Awi Zone Public Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia
Background Trust in healthcare providers (HCPs) is crucial for increasing health-seeking behavior, strengthening patient-provider relationships, and improving clinical outcomes. While vital, research on patient trust in HCPs remains limited in the Ethiopian context. This study assessed the level of trust and its associated factors among hospitalized patient in Awi Zone public hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June 05 to September 30, 2024. The sampling frame consisted of all adult patients admitted to the medical, surgical, and gynecological wards of five public hospitals. A total of 621 participants were selected using simple random sampling from the daily admission logs. Data were collected via a pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire. EpiData 4.6 and SPSS version 25 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Logistic regressions were applied to identify factors associated with patient trust. Associations were considered significant at p value < 0.05. Trust was measured using a validated scale, where “high trust” was operationally defined as a score $\ge$ 32 (based on the mean score of the study population). Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with trust, with significance set at $p < 0.05$. Results The study achieved a 96% response rate (n = 621). Overall, 47.3% of patients reported high trust in HCPs (95% CI: 43.4–51.4). Factors significantly associated with higher trust included: rural residence (AOR = 2.44; 95% CI: 1.27–4.69), absence of comorbidity (AOR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.15–2.65), not having health insurance (AOR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.09–2.14), and a hospital stay of less than 29 days (AOR = 1.89; 1.12–3.20). Conclusion Fewer than half of hospitalized adults expressed high trust in HCPs. To bridge this gap, hospital management should implement mandatory patient-centered communication training for clinicians and establish dedicated support protocols for patients with chronic comorbidities. Furthermore, improving the transparency of insurance billing and discharge processes is essential for urban and long-term patients.
Constrained operational space control of kinematically redundant manipulators with subtask objectives via adaptive Szász–Mirakyan operators and barrier Lyapunov functions
Nos1 neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamic area modulate lipid metabolism via the sympathetic nervous system in male mice
Effectiveness of a pedagogical module for the process of weaning from mechanical ventilation in advanced nursing education
Background Pedagogical module for weaning process from mechanical ventilation (WPMV) is the specific need for advanced nursing education in cardiothoracic intensive care unit (CICU). The CICU nurses need to have Advanced nursing personnel in the CICU require comprehensive theoretical knowledge and applied clinical reasoning skills including patient data analysis, structural decision-making, and care decision justifications to safely adjust ventilator settings following cardiothoracic surgery. However, currently no specific a pedagogical module for advanced nursing education used for CICU in Malaysia. Aim To investigate the effectiveness of a structured pedagogical module for WPMV in improving knowledge and applied clinical reasoning among Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit (CICU) nurses. Methods This study utilizes a quasi-experimental, non-randomized pre-post design. A total of 24 CICU nurses participated. Participants were grouped based on an institutional competency threshold of 70%, which reflects the standard passing criterion for clinical assessments in the study setting. The 70% cutoff represents the standard institutional passing threshold established by the Medical Education and Nursing Division at the National Heart Institute (IJN) for postgraduate clinical assessments and unit privilege. This study focuses primarily on within-group changes following the intervention, while the comparison group is used as a performance benchmark rather than for inferential comparison. Results The implementation of the pedagogical module led to a statistically significant improvement in participants’ knowledge and applied clinical reasoning. Participants in the intervention group demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in theoretical scores (mean difference = 37.63, p < 0.001). The large effect size indicates substantial educational impact. Due to the small and unequal group sizes, between-group comparisons were interpreted descriptively rather than inferentially. Conclusion The WPMV pedagogical module significantly improves theoretical knowledge and applied clinical reasoning among CICU nurses. However, conclusions are limited to educational outcomes, and further research is required to evaluate its impact on clinical practice and patient outcomes.
Principal component analysis of adipokine, metabolic, oxidative, and inflammatory markers associated with insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome
Real-time robust autofocus method enabling sustained intravital scanning light field imaging
Power load forecasting combining deep learning models and improved CLPO algorithm
The accuracy of power load forecasting directly affects the stable operation of the power system and energy optimization configuration. In response to the complex nonlinear characteristics of load data and the tendency of existing methods to fall into local optima, this study selects time-series convolutional networks, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, and bidirectional LSTM to propose a combined deep learning model through weighted reconstruction. On this basis, the parrot optimization algorithm is introduced for iteration and strategy optimization, and joint error correction is performed to propose a new power load forecasting model. The experimental results show that under the same conditions and with the same hyperparameters, the conventional gradient descent optimization method takes about 330 rounds to reach 0.85 and the highest is only about 0.89. While the proposed method reaches 0.85 in about 200 rounds and eventually approaches 0.95. The overall convergence is faster and the accuracy is higher. On the UK-NGED dataset, the long-term prediction mean absolute errors of Transformer-DGNN, EEMD-Attention and VMD-ResNet are 0.214, 0.238 and 0.257 respectively, and the research method is 0.181. Simultaneously, continuous learning-based parrot optimization and error correction model suppress weight drift and short-term bias during optimization, maintaining prediction stability under concept drift and non-steady load patterns. When prediction performance degrades, error-monitoring-based lightweight retraining rapidly restores model accuracy. Under extreme weather conditions, the root mean square error of the baseline method is 0.295–0.318, and that of the research method is 0.250. To confirm that the differences are not due to random fluctuations, a two-sample t-test is conducted on the root mean square error distributions from 10 independent experiments. After explicitly calculating the mean difference, variance, and degrees of freedom, the result yields p < 0.05, indicating that the reduction in model error under extreme meteorological conditions is statistically significant. Therefore, the model can maintain high accuracy prediction in variable load environments and has stronger adaptability in high penetration rates of new energy and extreme weather conditions. This study provides more accurate and reliable decision support for smart grid scheduling and optimization.
GEE-integrated ML classifiers evaluation for LULC change detection and CA-Markov-based future prediction in Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia
Longitudinal metabolomics profiles reveal increased gut microbial protein fermentation during Spaceflight
Single-Atom Migration into a Chiral Multilayer Nanocluster Architecture
Perceived academic achievement and school commitment in the context of school sports: A qualitative study based on students’, teachers’, and parents’ perspectives
School sports are widely associated with students’ academic and psychosocial development, yet their educational value cannot be fully understood through outcomes alone. How sports participation shapes academic achievement and school commitment depends on how it is experienced and interpreted by students, teachers, and parents. Examining these stakeholder perspectives is essential for understanding the perceived academic implications of school sports and their role within everyday school contexts. This study adopted a qualitative descriptive research design to explore perceptions of school sports and their perceived influence on academic achievement and school commitment. The study group consisted of 18 participants, including 6 high school students (grades 10–12), 6 parents whose children participated in school sports, and 6 physical education teachers working at a public high school in Sakarya, Türkiye. Participants were selected using criterion sampling. Data were collected through face-to-face focus group interviews conducted separately with each stakeholder group. The data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis supported by inductive content analysis to identify recurring patterns and themes related to participants’ views and experiences of school sports. The findings indicate that school sports are perceived to positively influence students’ academic achievement and school commitment, particularly through increased motivation, concentration, and engagement with school life. Participants emphasized that sports participation strengthens emotional and behavioral commitment by enhancing feelings of belonging and active involvement in school activities. Teachers’ guidance and parents’ supportive attitudes were identified as key contextual factors, while students’ personal interest in sports shaped whether participation was experienced as supportive or demanding. This study concludes that school sports play a meaningful role in supporting students’ perceived academic achievement and school commitment when embedded within supportive school and family contexts. The findings highlight that the educational value of sports is shaped not only by participation itself but also by students’ experiences, teachers’ guidance, and parental support. By integrating multiple stakeholder perspectives, the study underscores the importance of aligning school sports practices with academic goals to foster sustained engagement and positive educational experiences.
Respiratory health impacts of coal-fired power plant emissions with transboundary environmental complexities
Abstract This interdisciplinary longitudinal study examines the association between PM 2.5 levels at sites downwind of a coal-fired thermal power plant (TPP) near the India-Bangladesh border and respiratory health in the exposed population, assessed using spirometry and fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels. Pulmonary function tests indicate significantly worse lung health at downwind sites in both India and Bangladesh compared with an upwind location. With averaged forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) values < 80% of predicted, evidence of preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm), and significantly lower forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (FEF 25−75 ), the population at the Indian downwind site is clearly at risk of developing obstructive pulmonary and related diseases. Although PM 2.5 concentrations decline sharply during the monsoon across all sites, this does not translate into a recovery in lung health at the downwind location, consistent with chronic, irreversible effects potentially related to long-term exposure to TPP-associated PM 2.5 . Moreover, poorer socioeconomic conditions and exposure to emissions from biomass-based indoor cooking are associated with exacerbated respiratory effects. Overall, the study advocates transitioning to cleaner fuels for power generation and household use and recommends locating power plants away from densely populated areas to minimize health impacts.
Field-induced non-linear magnetic responses of all-metal Jellium σ-aromats
Abstract In recent times all-metal aromaticity has arisen, challenging classical views of aromaticity. All-metal aromaticity invokes metal-metal bonding, but this remains rare for the actinides. Recently, one-electron trithorium superatom clusters exhibiting exalted diamagnetism and hence open-shell Jellium aromaticity have been reported. Those clusters complement closed-shell two-electron congeners, but computational assessments advanced conflicting interpretations. Here, we report one- and two-electron trithorium clusters that all exhibit exalted diamagnetism, demonstrating open- and closed-shell Jellium aromaticities. We show that these Jellium aromats exhibit non-linear magnetic responses, so a foundational assumption of ring current calculations is not met, accounting for the experimental-computational disagreement. This work suggests that while π-aromaticity results from preorganized coherent wave functions, for σ-aromats there may be an electronic reorganization barrier to cohesive wave functions and Jellium aromatic ring currents. This work demonstrates the importance of caution when using ring current calculations to assign aromatic character if the experimental magnetic response is not understood.
Divergence between facial expressions and self-reported emotions: Sex differences in responses to video-based emotional stimuli
Emotional responses involve multiple components, including subjective experience and behavioral expression, which do not always align. Moreover, sex differences in emotional processing appear to vary across emotion types and response modalities. This study investigated sex differences and concordance between self-reported emotional experience and facial expressions elicited by naturalistic emotional video stimuli in a Korean adult sample. One hundred forty-eight healthy adults viewed video clips inducing joy, anxiety, sadness, and neutral states; spontaneous facial expressions were recorded and analyzed using the iMotions automated facial expression analysis software. After watching the stimuli, participants rated their subjective emotional experiences on discrete emotion scales (joy, sadness, disgust, fear/anxiety) and affective dimension scales (valence and arousal). Facial expression measures were summarized as positive and negative expressions. Age effects were statistically controlled for both facial expression and self-rating measures, and non-parametric analyses were conducted on the age-adjusted values because most variables deviated from normality. The video stimuli reliably elicited their intended target emotions in both self-reported ratings and facial expression patterns. Females exhibited stronger positive facial expressions than males during joyful stimuli despite comparable self-reported joy ratings. For anxiety stimuli, females showed higher fear/anxiety ratings and stronger negative facial expressions, whereas for sadness stimuli, females reported higher sadness ratings without corresponding differences in facial expressions. Females also reported higher arousal than males for negative stimuli. Concordance between facial expressions and self-reported ratings varied by emotion and sex, with robust associations for joy across both sexes, weaker or absent associations for sadness, and sex-specific associations for anxiety. These findings demonstrate that sex differences in emotional responding are emotion-specific and component-specific, highlighting partial dissociations between subjective experience and expressive behavior. This study provides culturally specific validation of dynamic video-based emotion paradigms and supports continuous facial expression analysis as an objective complement to self-report measures in Korean populations.