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Brain tissue artificially expanded to show how neurons wire together
Reply to: “c-di-GMP does not bind H-NS, nor inhibits H-NS binding DNA”
Stable isotopes unveil ocean transport of legacy mercury into Arctic food webs
A macrophage-predominant immunosuppressive microenvironment and therapeutic vulnerabilities in advanced salivary gland cancer
Abstract Salivary gland cancers are rare, diverse malignancies characterized by poor response to immunotherapy. The tumor immune environment in these cancers remains poorly understood. To address this, we perform an integrative analysis of the tumor immune microenvironment in a large cohort of advanced salivary gland cancer samples. Most tumors exhibit low immune activity with limited immune cell infiltration. Inflammation is linked to higher tumor mutational burden in non-adenoid cystic carcinoma histologies. Subtype specific expression of immune checkpoints is identified with prominent expression of VTCN1 in luminal-like cells within adenoid cystic carcinoma. Macrophages with immunosuppressive properties dominate the immune microenvironment across subtypes. Responses to immunotherapy are limited and associated with a higher ratio of T-cells relative to macrophages in individual cases, warranting further investigation. Here, we show an immunosuppressive environment in salivary gland cancers and identify subtype-specific immune vulnerabilities that could inform tailored therapeutic strategies.
Boron-chalcogen heterocycles and linear tetraboranes from a cyclic tetra(amino)tetraborane
Abstract While small carbocyclic rings have long been recognized as pivotal building blocks in chemistry, their all-boron counterparts have remained largely unexplored. In this work, we present a detailed account of the functionalization reactivity of our cyclic tetraborane B4(NCy2)4 (Cy = cyclohexyl) encompassing both ring-expansion and ring-opening reactions. Specifically, diphenyl dichalcogenides effect ring expansion to five-membered B4E rings (E = S, Se, Te), while halogenating agents induce ring opening to generate linear tetraboranes with halide end groups. These transformations reveal reactivity patterns reminiscent of strained organic ring systems, thus highlighting the cyclic tetraborane’s potential as a versatile precursor for synthesizing intricate boron-rich architectures.
BCMA-Targeted T-Cell Engager for Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia after CD19 CAR T-Cell Therapy
Author Correction: Boosting hydrogel conductivity via water-dispersible conducting polymers for injectable bioelectronics
Undermining Women’s Health Research — Gambling with the Public’s Health
Separating CO2 emission from removal targets comes with limited cost impacts
Abstract Net-zero commitments have become the focal point for countries to communicate long-term climate targets. However, to this point it is not clear to what extent conventional emissions reductions and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) will contribute to net-zero. An integrated market for emissions and removals with a uniform carbon price delivers the economically efficient contribution of CDR to net-zero. Yet it might not fully internalise sustainability risks of CDR and hence could lead to its overuse. In this study, we explore the implications of separating targets for emissions and for removals delivered by novel CDR in global net-zero emissions pathways with the Integrated Assessment Model REMIND. We find that overall efficiency losses induced by such separation are moderate. Furthermore, limiting the CDR target comes with increasing emission prices but also significant benefits: lower cumulative emissions, a lower financial burden for public finance of CDR and limited reliance on geologic CO 2 storage but fails to lower the biomass demand. Proposed targets should also ensure sufficient CDR deployment to achieve net-negative emissions in the second half of the 21st century.