Browse Articles

Psychosocial and behavioral factors linked to low oral health related quality of life in young Chinese temporomandibular disorder patients

Transparent conductive oxides as a material platform for a realization of all-optical photonic neural networks

Methyl jasmonate counteracts cadmium toxicity in water spinach plant by adjusting growth, physiology and redox regulation

Abstract Increased cadmium (Cd) level in foods due to anthropogenic activities is a serious concern to public health. This study investigated the efficacy of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) application to mitigate adverse effects of Cd toxicity in water spinach plant. The seeds (cv. Gimakolmi) were primed with MeJA (2.5 and 5 µM) and grown under two levels of Cd (10 and 20 µM CdCl2) with or without the respected levels of MeJA solutions under the hydroponic system. The experiment was set in a completely randomized design with three replications maintaining seven growth conditions: (1) Control, (2) Cd10, (3) Cd20, (4) Cd10MJ2.5, (5) Cd10MJ5, (6) Cd20MJ2.5 and (7) Cd20MJ5. Cd-stress significantly hindered growth and photosynthesis; induced oxidative damage accumulating higher malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 contents; enhanced activities of antioxidative enzymes and increased Cd uptake in water spinach plant. The treatments Cd10MJ5 and Cd20MJ5 stimulated plant growth by increasing total dry mass (66% and 38%) and rate of photosynthesis (51% and 55%) of water spinach under two levels of Cd stress, respectively. Application of 5 µM MeJA considerably reduced leaf MDA (32% and 17% compared to Cd10 and Cd20, respectively) and H2O2 contents (49 and 42%) and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (71% and 6%), catalase (120% and 61%) and peroxidase (57% and 65%) enzymes with reduced uptake of total Cd (38% and 45%) in water spinach plant. Conclusively, 5 µM MeJA effectively mitigated Cd toxicity in water spinach plant and can be adopted in Cd-contaminated areas with further field trials.

Modeling antibody persistence after MenACYW-TT vaccination and comparative analysis with other quadrivalent meningococcal vaccines

Abstract Evaluating the persistence of antibody titers produced by quadrivalent meningococcal vaccines is crucial for determining the optimal timing for primary and booster doses. Using 3 − 7-year persistence data after a single priming dose of MenACYW-TT to fit a statistical model of antibody decay over time (10 years), this analysis modeled long-term antibody persistence for this vaccine in toddlers (12–23 months), adolescents/young adults (13–26 years), and older adults (≥ 56 years), comparing it with other vaccines (MCV4-TT, MenACWY-CRM, MPSV4). The statistical model is based on a Bayesian approach and it accounts for vaccine- and age group-specific antibody decline, missing data, assay errors, and antibody boosting from breakthrough infections. At 10 years post-vaccination, it predicted comparable or higher seroprotective immunopersistence for MenACYW-TT (titers ≥ 1:8 with hSBA) versus (1) MCV4-TT in toddlers (77% [95% CI 70–84] vs. 17% [6–31] for serogroup C, 67% [59–74] vs. 36% [20–53] for serogroup W); (2) MenACWY-CRM in adolescents/young adults (63% [55–71] vs. 40% [32–48] for serogroup C, 67% [59–74] vs. 57% [47–67] for serogroup W); and (3) MPSV4 in older adults (31% [23–39] vs. 22% [14–29] for serogroup C, 38% [31–46] vs. 20% [14–27] for serogroup W). In conclusion, our analysis indicated similar or higher immune persistence at 10 years for MenACYW-TT compared with other quadrivalent meningococcal vaccines, particularly for serogroups C and W.

Assessment of flood vulnerability in a coastal metropolitan city for sustainable environmental using machine learning methods

AI based natural inhibitor targeting RPS20 for colorectal cancer treatment using integrated computational approaches

Usefulness of a newly developed ultrasonic system to estimate skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength in community-dwelling older adults

Machine learning analysis of survival outcomes in breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy, hormone therapy, surgery, and radiotherapy

Impact of major congenital anomalies on preterm birth and low birth weight

Enhancing seasonal predictability of the East Asian summer monsoon via optimized multi-model ensembles

Stare into a whale’s colossal eye — June’s best science images

Association of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and steatosis-associated fibrosis estimator with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis: observation cohort study

DSP and DPP are dispensable for initiation of dentin and enamel mineralization but critical for circumpulpal dentin mineralization

Obesity drugs made in China could power next wave of treatments

An elliptically symmetric fisher distribution and its application in statistics of discontinuities in rock mass

Evaluation and trade-offs/synergies of ecosystem services in Jilin Province

Rubber-tracked crawler undercarriage multibody dynamic simulation for agriculture operation

KIAA1429 promotes non-small-cell lung cancer cell proliferation through the TRERNA1/HOXA6 axis

Climate change risks on key open marine and coastal mediterranean ecosystems

Abstract Mediterranean open marine and coastal ecosystems face multiple risks that impact their unique biodiversity, with climate change representing a major ongoing threat. While these ecosystems are also under pressure from non-climatic anthropogenic drivers (e.g., overfishing, pollution), this study primarily focuses on risks related to climate change. To assess these risks and evaluate their confidence levels, we adopt the scenario-based approach of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), relying on a review of literature projecting changes in Mediterranean Sea ecosystems. The main drivers of environmental change are sea level rise, ocean warming and acidification. Similar to global conditions, all Mediterranean ecosystems face high risks under all climate scenarios, with coastal ecosystems being more strongly impacted than open marine ecosystems. For these coastal ecosystems, risk levels are expected to become very high already once global warming exceeds 0.8 °C with respect to the 1976–2005 period. A few Mediterranean ecosystems (e.g., coralligenous and rocky coasts) are relatively more resilient compared to others, probably because of their long evolutionary history and the presence of a variety of climatic and hydrological conditions. However, high-emission scenarios in specific sub-basins, in addition to acidification impacts, could reduce this resilience, decreasing both habitat extent and ecosystem function dramatically. Overall, due to the higher observed and projected rates of climate change in the Mediterranean, compared to global trends, for variables such as seawater temperature and pH, marine ecosystems (particularly coastal) are projected to be under higher risks compared to the global ocean.

Synthesis of thiosemicarbazone Schiff base derivatives as anti-leishmanial agents and molecular dynamics simulations insights