Browse Articles

The role of parental health knowledge and practices in mitigating obesity risks among preschool children

Developing HaloTag and SNAP‐Tag Chemical Inducers of Dimerization to Probe Receptor Oligomerization and Downstream Signaling

Abstract Controlling protein–protein interactions is critical for dissecting signaling pathways, especially those initiated by ligand‐receptor interactions, which alter receptor oligomerization and drive downstream signaling cascades. Traditional methods for driving protein–protein complexes use antibodies that face limitations in terms of stoichiometry, geometric rigidity, and antibody specificity. Chemical inducers of dimerization (CIDs) for fusion proteins such as HaloTag (Halo) and SNAP‐Tags (SNAP) offer precise and covalent control of protein proximities, overcoming limitations of antibody‐dependent methods. In this study, we expand the toolkit of Halo and SNAP CIDs with (1) benzylguanine (BG) and HaloTag ligand (HTL) crosslinkers featuring varying polyethylene glycol linker lengths and update this kit with (2) a FRET‐based dimerizing sensor to induce and verify protein proximity. Here we establish our CIDs on extracellularly Halo‐ and SNAP‐tagged TGFβ, BMP, neurotrophic factor, and metabotropic glutamate receptors, thereby elucidating the signaling potential of ligand‐independent dimerization in a heteromeric fashion.

Heterointerfacial Charge Modulation of p‐Type Covalent Organic Frameworks on Graphene Achieving High‐Performance Cl ⁻ Ion Storage with Ultralong Cycling Life

Abstract The charge and ion transport dynamics, storage capacity, and cycling performance of Faradaic Cl − ion storage electrodes have recently constrained advancements in supercapacitor (SC) and capacitive deionization (CDI). Herein, a high‐performance p‐type COF (TAPA‐COF)‐based Cl − ion storage material (TAPArGO) with exceptional cycling stability was synthesized via an in situ condensation reaction utilizing graphene as a conductive substrate. The interfacial coupling involving graphene and TAPA‐COF increases the interfacial electron density, boosting local charge accumulation and Cl − ion storage capacity. Additionally, the dual conductive strategy of incorporating graphene and extended π‐electron delocalization of TAPA‐COF enhances the redox kinetics, while the triphenylamine N redox centers and flexible graphene network improve cycling stability. Consequently, the Cl − ion asymmetric SC employing the TAPArGO‐75 positive electrode achieves a specific energy output of 52.4 Wh kg −1 at 950 W kg −1 , with exciting cycling durability retaining 96.8% of the initial capacity after 100 000 cycles. Furthermore, the hybrid CDI system based on the TAPArGO‐75 positive electrode demonstrates a specific adsorption capacity of 55.0 mg g −1 , along with remarkable cycling desalination/regeneration ability (99.8% after 200 desalination/regeneration cycles). This study expands the application potential of COF‐based materials for high‐performance Cl − ion storage.

Refining swarm behaviors with human-swarm interaction strategies: An improved monkey algorithm for multidimensional optimization problems

Physiological response of safflower to water deficit and genome-wide identification of its NAC transcription factor family

Servant leadership effects on teacher wellbeing and enthusiasm in Turkish schools and the moderating influence of distributed leadership

Multi-horizon prediction of tropical cyclone intensity and its interpretability with temporal fusion transformer

Vacancy‐Defect Single‐Atom Catalysts for Tandem CO ₂ Electroreduction and Carbonylation Reactions from Flue Gas

Abstract Tandem CO 2 reduction with carbonylation reactions represents a promising approach to convert greenhouse gases into valuable chemicals. Herein, we propose a universal “N/O mixed pre‐coordination pyrolysis” strategy to construct vacancy‐defect single atom catalysts (Ni 1 ‐, Mn 1 ‐, Fe 1 ‐, Co 1 ‐, and Cu 1 ‐NC) with M‐N 3 coordination microenvironment. This vacancy‐defect endows Ni 1 ‐NC with excellent performance for CO 2 electroreduction, achieving a CO faradaic efficiency exceeding 90% across a wide range of current densities up to 300 mA cm −2 . The generated CO was directly fed to carbonylation reactions, producing organic chemicals with yields of up to 91.7% and leading to produce 1.13 g of benzophenone in a single run. For the first time, the membrane separation CO 2 system was integrated with tandem catalytic system, enabling direct utilization of flue gas for benzophenone synthesis with a 76.6% yield. This work offers a sustainable, eco‐friendly method for CO 2 separation and utilization by feeding industrial waste gas to carbonylation reactions.

Investigating the influence of permeable formwork on the mechanical characteristics of glass fiber reinforced concrete

Bulk‐ and Surface‐Engineered Carbon Nitride with Promoted Electron Transfer for NADH Regeneration and Artificial Photosynthesis

Abstract Carbon nitride (CN), a well‐known photocatalyst, has been extensively utilized in light‐driven redox reactions, including NADH regeneration. However, its catalytic efficiency is hindered by rapid charge recombination due to obstructed electron transfer. Herein, we developed a highly porous CN coated with a thin layer of rhodium complex (Rh*‐PCN) through a combination of bulk and surface engineering for enhanced NADH regeneration. The bulk‐engineered porous network of PCN facilitates oriented electron transfer in Rh*‐PCN, while the surface‐engineered Rh layer minimizes the electron transfer distance between PCN and the rhodium complex. Rh*‐PCN achieves an initial NADH regeneration rate of 16.80 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹. Moreover, Rh*‐PCN suppresses enzyme deactivation by compartmentalizing the enzyme from the photogenerated holes on PCN and the rhodium complex. When integrated with glutamate dehydrogenase, the Rh*‐PCN/enzyme coupled system produces L‐glutamic acid.

Data-driven frameworks to robustly predict solubility parameter of diverse polymers

Concentration‐Adaptive Electrocatalytic Urea Synthesis From CO ₂ and Nitrate via Porphyrin and Metalloporphyrin MOFs

Abstract Traditional urea synthesis via the Bosch–Meiser process suffers from high energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Electrocatalytic urea production from carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrate (NO 3 − ) under ambient conditions offers a sustainable alternative, yet challenges persist due to variable NO 3 − concentrations and competing side reactions. Herein, we propose porphyrin metal‐organic framework (PMOF) and Cu‐porphyrin MOF (Cu‐PMOF) catalysts for NO 3 − concentration‐adaptive urea synthesis. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that PMOF weakly adsorbs *NO 2 via hydrogen bonding, favoring its coupling with *CO 2 , while Cu‐PMOF strongly binds *NO 2 at Cu sites, facilitating spontaneous *NO/*CO coupling to form *OCNO intermediates under dilute NO 3 − conditions. Experimentally, PMOF achieves a urea yield of 28.6 µmol h −1  mg cat −1 and a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 23.1% in 0.1 M NO 3 − , whereas Cu‐PMOF outperforms in 0.05 M NO 3 − with a yield of 25.5 µmol h −1 mg cat −1 and FE of 52.7%. In situ spectroscopy and mechanistic study confirm distinct pathways: PMOF relies on stepwise coupling of *HNO 2 with *CO 2 , while Cu‐PMOF enables consecutive *NO‐*CO coupling. This work highlights adaptive electrocatalyst design for efficient C‐N coupling, advancing sustainable urea synthesis.

Research on the impact of climate change on food security in Africa

Accelerating Responsive RNA Release Through Structural Optimization of Disulfide‐Containing Acyl Groups

Abstract Chemical methods for modifying and manipulating RNA are crucial for advancing its biological studies and applications. While postsynthetic 2′‐OH acylation has enabled on‐demand RNA activation, its application to larger, biologically relevant RNAs remains challenging. Herein, we present a redox‐responsive RNA modification via postsynthetic acylation to functionalize RNAs. Three strategies were developed to introduce multiple disulfide‐containing acyl adducts at 2′‐OH positions, temporarily blocking RNA function. Exposure to glutathione (GSH) can trigger the traceless release of RNA and restore its biological function. We demonstrate the versatility of this redox‐responsive strategy with RNA constructs of varying lengths, including short synthetic RNA, single guide RNA (sgRNA) as well as longer messenger RNA (mRNA). Furthermore, these disulfide‐containing acyl adducts respond to endogenous GSH, restoring mRNA translation without the need for cytotoxic exogenous stimuli. Taken together, these results offer a simple and generalizable method for modifying and modulating RNAs regardless of length or origin through structural optimization of acyl groups for facilitating RNA release, setting the stage for broad applicability.

Zoonotic microorganisms in native and exotic invasive urban small mammals of bamako, Mali

Comparison between the effects of silver and titanium nanoparticles and their bulk counterparts on Meloidogyne Javanica

S‐doped Ag–Sn Alloy Hollow Microbox for High‐Performance CO ₂ Electroreduction to Formate

Abstract The dynamic catalyst's restructuring creates a new catalytic surface that is essential for boosting the efficiency of electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO 2 RR). In this work, we synthesize Ag‐decorated SnS 2 hollow microboxes using a coprecipitation method followed by a hydrothermal treatment. Based on a collection of in‐situ/ex‐situ characterizations including in‐situ Raman spectroscopy, rapid freeze‐quench (RFQ) 119 Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), we discover that the Ag‐decorated SnS 2 (Ag@SnS 2 ) hollow microboxes undergo dynamic reduction and reconstruction during the electrochemical CO 2 RR, leading to the in‐situ formation of S‐doped Ag–Sn alloy (S‐Ag 3 Sn/Sn) hollow microboxes. This transformation results in a remarkable formate selectivity of 92.4% with a formate partial current density of 97.3 mA·cm −2 at −0.8 V versus RHE in an H‐cell. In‐situ attenuated total reflection surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR‐SEIRAS) measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that both S‐doping and Ag–Sn alloying enhance the CO 2 adsorption and improve the stability of *OCHO intermediate. This work offers a facile strategy for designing highly active and selective electrocatalyst for CO 2 RR.

Correlations between the architectural plans of dementia units and residents’ well-being

Cholecystokinin-expressing GABA neurons elicit long-term potentiation in the cortical inhibitory synapses and attenuate sound-shock associative memory

Unlocking Dual Recycling in Photo‐Curable Polycyanurate Thermosets Derived from Bio‐Resources

Abstract Polycyanurate thermosets are extensively utilized in high‐performance applications due to their exceptional thermal and mechanical properties. However, their inherently crosslinked nature has traditionally rendered them nonrecyclable, limiting their sustainability. Recent studies have demonstrated that these networks can undergo dynamic rearrangement under specific conditions, enabling reversibility. In this study, a bio‐derived cyanurate monomer from eugenol was synthesized and polymerized via thiol‐ene photopolymerization, yielding recyclable polycyanurate thermosets with robust material properties. The dynamic character of these networks was leveraged through nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S N Ar) chemistry, unlocking two distinct recycling pathways: i) selective monomer recovery and ii) closed‐loop polymer regeneration. Depolymerization in the presence of eugenol enabled the selective recovery of well‐defined monomeric components, while phenol‐mediated cleavage facilitated polymer breakdown into chemically recyclable intermediates, which were directly reassembled into reformed thermosets. Both recycling pathways resulted in regenerated polymers that retained their original thermal, mechanical, and thermomechanical properties, demonstrating the efficiency and robustness of this approach. By establishing a controlled depolymerization and reassembly framework, this study introduces a sustainable design strategy for achieving closed‐loop recycling in high‐performance thermosets, providing a scalable pathway toward circular polymer materials.