Browse Articles
Discover research articles across all indexed journals
Clinical characteristics of hypertrophic olivary degeneration following brainstem or cerebellar hemorrhage
Abstract Patients who have experienced bleeding in the posterior circulation of the brain often develop Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration (HOD). This condition can lead to new neurological problems several months after the initial hemorrhage, potentially worsening the overall outcome for these patients. However, its pathogenesis and prognosis remain inconclusive. The research included 214 patients diagnosed with brainstem or cerebellar hemorrhage, of which 36 developed secondary HOD. The study aimed to analyze the clinical data of these patients, investigate the risk factors associated with HOD development, and evaluate the prognosis for those affected. (1) No significant differences in common cerebrovascular risk factors, such as hypertension and diabetes, were observed between the HOD and non-HOD groups among patients with lesions involving the Guillain-Mollaret triangle (GMT) (P > 0.05). (2) The site of hemorrhage was significantly correlated with the location of HOD (P < 0.05). (3) A significant association was found between the primary lesion’s site and the interval before HOD onset (P < 0.05). (4) Patients in the HOD group showed poorer functional outcomes, reflected by higher mRS scores (Z = −2.859, P = 0.004) and lower ADL scores (Z = −2.859, P = 0.004). Among patients with brainstem or cerebellar hemorrhage, all individuals with HOD had lesions involving the GMT. A significant correlation was identified between the site of hemorrhage and the location of HOD. Cerebellar hemorrhage cases were associated with shorter intervals before HOD onset, and HOD was linked to significantly worse functional outcomes.
Design Strategy for Small‐Molecule Organic Cathodes: Regulated Active Groups Enable High Capacity and Voltage in Aqueous and Seawater Aluminum Ion Batteries
Abstract Organic materials demonstrate significant potential as electrodes for aqueous batteries, owing to their high theoretical capacity, structurally tunable frameworks, and sustainable material accessibility. Small‐molecule organic electrode materials enable better active‐site accessibility but remain challenged by the dissolution in aqueous electrolytes, which deteriorates cycling stability, and poor conductivity due to limited conjugation. Here, we designed an organic small‐molecule cathode material (DPPZ‐CN) featuring functional pyridine, pyrazine, and cyano groups. Its highly conjugated fused N‐heteroaromatic structure provides strong intermolecular interactions and high reactivity, resulting in improved stability, capacity, and conductivity. The electron‐withdrawing cyano group further modulates electron delocalization and molecular orbitals, enhancing electronic conductivity and operating voltage. Through combined theoretical and experimental studies, including operando synchrotron FT‐IR, in situ Raman, ex situ XPS, and 1 H NMR, we demonstrate that DPPZ‐CN facilitates efficient dual‐cation storage (Al 3+ /H + ), thereby reducing Al 3+ cation repulsion and induced structural distortion. As a result, the Al//DPPZ‐CN battery exhibits outstanding capacity, a well‐defined voltage plateau, and an extended lifespan in organic aluminum batteries with aqueous and seawater electrolytes, highlighting its potential for operation in challenging environments.
Calcium modified mesoporous silica from marble for the removal of cadmium, lead, chromium, iron, and manganese from Siwa Oasis groundwater
Abstract This study assessed the health risks of heavy metal contamination in groundwater in Siwa Oasis, Egypt’s northwestern desert, and their potential decontamination using a marble-based nanoporous Ca-MCM-41 structure as an adsorbent. Fe, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Mn contents exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines with potential non-carcinogenic risks and carcinogenic risks based on the hazard index (HI) and Monte Carlo simulations. Ca-MCM-41 showed significant performances in the removal of most of these toxic ions with batch saturation uptake capacities of 239 mg/g Cd(II), 252 mg/g Fe(II), 308 mg/g Pb(II), 132 mg/g Cr(VI), and 154.7 mg/g Mn(II). The batch adsorption behavior display monolayer, homogenous, multi-ionic, nonparallel properties. The adsorption energies (< 8 kJ/mol) highlight the impact of the physical mechanisms and potential regeneration value. The column study using the structure as a fixed bed (3 cm thickness) reflected successful retention for 148.9 mg (Cd (II)), 161.5 mg (Fe (II)), 179.6 mg (Pb (II)), 103.2 mg (Cr (VI)), and 123.7 mg (Mn (II)). The realistic treatment of groundwater in Siwa Oasis demonstrates removal percentages of 84.2% (Cd (II)), 48.8% (Fe (II)), 84.8% (Pb (II)), 52.6% (Cr (VI)), and 52.6% (Mn (II)), considering the variation in the starting concentration and the competitive effect of other pollutants.
Decoherence-assisted quantum key distribution
Optimizing Bromine Complexation and Kinetics: a Bisimidazole Strategy for High‐Performance Zn‐Br Static Batteries
Abstract Zinc–bromine (Zn–Br) static batteries are promising for large‐scale energy storage, yet the practical application is hindered by the long‐standing trade‐off about bromine complexing agents (BCAs) between bromine complexation strength and redox kinetics. Herein, we report a rationally designed bisimidazolium salt, 1,4‐bis(3‐methylimidazolium‐1‐yl) butane dibromide ([bMImB]Br₂), which features a symmetric molecular structure that reconciles this contradiction. [bMImB]Br₂ demonstrates strong bromine affinity, stemming from its high atomic charge of N + and low solubility—properties comparable to those of tetraalkyl‐quaternary ammonium salts. Simultaneously, it retains low steric hindrance typical of monoimidazole compounds, thereby enabling fast electrode kinetics. As a result, Zn–Br batteries incorporating [bMImB]Br₂ deliver a high specific energy of 116 Wh·kg⁻¹, alongside an average coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.22% and energy efficiency (EE) of 89.35% at 10 mAh·cm⁻ 2 (0.5 C) for over 150 cycles. Furthermore, the flexible pouch cell maintains a discharge capacity of 110 mAh and 99.7% CE over 100 cycles, even under mechanical deformation. This work offers a generalizable molecular design strategy for developing next‐generation BCAs in halogen‐based energy storage systems.
Direct selective oxidation of H2S to elemental sulfur using Ni, Co, V and W doped TiO2 nanorods
Selection of Ribofuranose‐Isomer Among Pentoses by Phosphorylation with Diamidophosphate
Abstract The unique structure–function relationship of the ribofuranose ring in RNA has inspired various chemical pathways to select for the ribofuranose form (over the ribopyranose form), especially in a prebiotic context. Herein we show that the reaction of diamidophosphate (DAP) with the four pentoses—ribose, arabinose, xylose, and lyxose—naturally selects the ribofuranose form more efficiently when compared to the other three pentoses. All four pentoses form the initial diamidophosphate‐adduct; however, ribose undergoes rapid conversion to ribofuranose‐1,2‐ and 2,3‐cyclicphosphate products, while the other three pentoses show significant accumulation of the initially formed DAP‐adducts and slow conversion to the cyclicphosphate products. Arabinose and xylose show a distribution between furanose‐ and pyranose‐1,2‐cyclicphosphate products, while lyxose forms the furanose‐1,2‐ and pyranose‐2,3‐cyclicphosphate products. This trend is also manifested when starting from a mixture of pentoses where ribofuranose 1,2‐amidocyclicphosphate dominates the product distribution. Such selection for ribofuranose among pentoses by phosphorylation i) provides another venue of how a ribofuranose structure can selectively emerge through abiotic chemical reaction suitable for elaboration toward RNA and ii) adds to the body of experimental work addressing the chemical origin of RNA.
Influences of micro ramp vortex generators on the performance of flush waterjet propulsor
Orthogonal Multiple Hydrogen Bonds of Nucleobases Enable Precise Tunability of DNA‐Polymer Nanostructures
Abstract DNA‐polymer nanostructures manifest enhanced stability and chemical diversity for various applications such as sensing, imaging, and immune modulation. However, the functionality of the hydrophobic polymer in the core is often disregarded, leading to limited property tunability of DNA‐polymer nanostructures. Herein, we have successfully fabricated tunable DNA‐polymer nanostructures by harnessing orthogonal multiple hydrogen bonds (MHBs) within both the core and shell domains. Distinct DNA‐polymer nanostructures, consisting of hydrophobic nucleobase‐containing polymers and hydrophilic DNAs, have been rationally designed and successfully constructed. The DNA‐polymer nanostructures undergo the controlled morphological transformation triggered by hydrophobic nucleobase‐containing polymers and surface functionalization by hydrophilic DNA chains. Owing to the heterogeneous backbone structures, distinct repeat unit spacing, and different hydrophilicity, the robust MHB interactions for complementary DNAs and nucleobase‐containing polymers are highly selective and orthogonal. Most significantly, the reported core‐driven morphological transformation and surface functionalization of the shell layer are general to expand the structural and properties tunability of DNA nanostructures with different DNA sequences. This work provides an efficient and novel route to precisely modulating DNA‐polymer core‐shell nanostructures by exploiting the underexplored hydrophobic core through orthogonal MHBs.
A comparative 48 month randomized trial of clinical performance and wear of BISGMA based and BISGMA free nanoceramic resin composites
Abstract This study aimed to compare the 48-month clinical performance and wear of Bis-GMA-based and Bis-GMA-free nanoceramic resin composites in Class I posterior restorations. In a randomized clinical trial, 64 patients received occlusal restorations with either Zenit (Bis-GMA-based) or Neo Spectra ST (Bis-GMA-free) nanoceramic composites (n = 32). Clinical performance was evaluated using modified USPHS criteria at four timepoints (baseline, 12, 24, 48 months). Intraoral scans were analyzed using 3D digital superimposition techniques to assess linear and volumetric quantification of wear across follow-up periods. The results revealed that marginal discoloration was slightly more frequent in the Zenit group at 48 months, though not statistically significant. Clinical outcomes were comparable between groups. The amount of linear deviation measured in Zenit samples was higher than in Neo Spectra, whereas the volumetric deviation was greater in Neo Spectra. However, neither difference was statistically significant. Both composites demonstrated clinically acceptable performance over a 48-month period in Class I posterior restorations. Some marginal discoloration was observed with both materials. The differing matrix-to-filler ratios of the two nanoceramic resin composites may have contributed to compensating for volumetric wear. Intraoral scanning and digital analysis enable accurate, non-invasive wear monitoring. Neo Spectra ST offers superior esthetic stability and clinical handling. Neo Spectra™ ST may offer a clinically advantageous option for posterior restorations requiring esthetic durability and operator-friendly handling. Additionally, digital intraoral scanning combined with registration software provides a promising, non-invasive approach for monitoring restorative wear in clinical practice. Clinical trial registration: This study was registered on clinical trial (http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov) at February 4, 2021 with ID: NCT04738604.
Exploring mutational possibilities of KPC variants to reach high level resistance to cefiderocol
From Corrosion to Creation: Interfacial De‐Electronation Drives Hydrogenation‐Energy Symbiosis
Abstract Metal corrosion, conventionally perceived as a destructive phenomenon driven by de‐electronation, imposes significant economic burdens and safety hazards. To repurpose corrosion into a valuable resource, we demonstrate a macroscopic corrosion battery concept that harnesses galvanic corrosion to drive the synthesis of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), high‐value chemicals, and energy generation, challenging conventional corrosion mitigation paradigms. By spatially segregating the corrosion process, the system couples anodic metal de‐electronation with MOF deposition while integrating diverse cathodic reactions, including the hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction, electrocatalytic hydrogenation, and hydrogen peroxide reduction with remarkable accelerated kinetics, thereby achieving universal MOFs and chemical synthesis with high electron and atom utilization efficiencies. The prototype system demonstrates concurrent production of p ‐aminophenol (14.3 mg cm −2 h −1 ) and zinc oxalate (86.9 mg cm −2 h −1 ) while generating 34.2 mW cm −2 of electrical power. Techno‐economic analysis establishes the inaugural empirical validation of economic feasibility for corrosion‐driven energy‐matter symbiosis, highlighting its high gross profit. Transcending conventional corrosion engineering boundaries for inorganic synthesis, this methodology mechanistically deciphers MOF growth kinetics and advanced system design. By broadening the scope of corrosion utilization, this work enables a paradigm shift from damage mitigation to value creation, providing a blueprint for sustainable chemical‐energy ecosystems.
Inhibition of DJ-1 protects from lupus onset and severity
Lignin‐Derived Polyanionic Crosslinked Gel Interfacial Layer with Ion‐Sieving and Ion‐Regulating Capabilities for Dendrite‐Free Zinc Anodes
Abstract The severe side reactions and rampant dendrite growth on the zinc (Zn) electrode significantly hinder the practical applications of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs). Herein, we fabricate a multifunctional interfacial layer composed of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) and polyanionic gel featuring ion‐sieving and ion‐regulating capabilities that effectively protects the Zn anode. The abundant ─SO 3 − groups in the polyanionic gel optimize the Zn 2+ solvent sheath structure while simultaneously providing ion‐sieving function, which significantly facilitates Zn 2+ migration. The lignin derivatives are pre‐adsorbed onto the Zn anode surface, directing nucleation along the Zn (002) plane and offering electrostatic shielding effects to facilitate uniform Zn 2+ deposition. Additionally, the polyanionic gel inhibits water activity by forming strong hydrogen bonds with water, while the PVDF layer adjacent to Zn electrode significantly reduces water‐induced side reactions. Consequently, the Zn electrodes incorporating this protective layer demonstrated stable and efficient deposition/stripping behaviors across a wide range of current densities. The Zn||NaV 3 O 8 ·1.5H 2 O full cells demonstrate remarkable cycling stability, maintaining the capacity of 176.1 mAh g −1 after 1000 cycles at 5 A g −1 and 101.2 mAh g −1 after 2500 cycles at 10 A g −1 . This innovative strategy presents a promising approach to the development of high‐performance AZIBs.
SLAMF1 expression in breast cancer cells delays tumor growth in vivo
Unveiling the Influence of Cyanogen Vacancies in Prussian Blue for Sodium‐ion Batteries
Abstract Prussian blue (PB), recognized as a promising cathode material, has gained significant attention for sodium‐ion batteries due to its high theoretical energy density, low cost, and ease of synthesis. However, the influence of anion vacancies on the stability of the PB framework remains controversial, impeding a comprehensive grasp of their precise role in electrochemical performance and the controlled synthesis of PB with smaller anionic vacancies remains challenging due to the limitations inherent in current synthesis strategies. Herein, we present an anion complexation method to synthesize PB materials with tunable cyanide vacancy concentrations. Furthermore, we propose a vacancy‐driven mechanism that promotes spin transitions coupled with lattice bending, which are more reversible at low‐spin Fe sites, leading to excellent low‐spin stability and the design of materials with outstanding electrochemical performance. This anion complexation method not only provides a novel synthetic pathway for PB materials but also advances the understanding of the composition‐structure‐property relationships between cyanide vacancy configurations and spin transition mechanism, highlighting its potential for future energy storage applications.
Optimizing brain stroke detection with a weighted voting ensemble machine learning model
Abstract Brain stroke is a medical trauma that occurs when there is an impairment or decrease in blood circulation to a particular part of the brain, causing adjacent brain cells to die. Stroke diagnosis after an event is an ineffective method; other more labour-intensive and costly procedures exist for stroke diagnosis. This method involves directing a machine learning algorithm to a marked dataset to identify samples and irregularities indicative of stroke occurrence. This study focused on developing an ensemble machine learning model to predict brain stroke. The model combined the predictions of multiple individualistic classifiers, including random forest, eXtreme gradient boosting, and histogram-based gradient boosting, to improve accuracy. The proposed weighted voting-based ensemble (WVE) classifier model achieved an accuracy of 92.31% on a private stroke prediction dataset. The pre-assessment of stroke risk diagnosis, as suggested in this study, enables many people to take preventive actions well in advance, thereby lowering fatal effects. Our proposed method presents a feasible option for the early or initial diagnosis of stroke, as traditional methods, such as computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs), are time-consuming and costly. Future research could explore the use of intelligence-based optimization to enhance classification accuracy and address this limitation.
Frontispiece: Reduction of CO <sub>2</sub> Accompanying ATP Synthesis in Polydopamine Microreactors Covered by Lipid Bilayers with ATPase
Enhanced digital pathology image recognition via multi-attention mechanisms: the MACC-Net approach
Abstract Digital pathology has revolutionized cancer diagnosis through microscopic analysis, yet manual interpretation remains hindered by inefficiency and subjectivity. Existing deep models for osteosarcoma cell nucleus recognition suffer from the difficulty of capturing hierarchical relationships in single-dimensional attention mechanisms, leading to inaccurate edge recognition. Furthermore, the fixed receptive field of CNNs limits the aggregation of multi-scale information, hindering the differentiation of overlapping cells. This study introduces MACC-Net, a novel multi-attention based method designed to enhance the recognition accuracy of digital pathology images. By integrating channel, spatial, and pixel-level attention mechanisms, MACC-Net overcomes the limitations of traditional single-dimensional attention models, improving feature consistency and receptive field expansion. Experimental results demonstrate a Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 0.847, highlighting MACC-Net’s potential as a reliable auxiliary diagnostic tool for pathologists. Code: https://github.com/GFF1228/MACCNet.