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Predicting global distribution shifts of Tabanus taeniola under different climate change scenarios
Fabrication and performance evaluation of a cost-effective integrated enset processing machine in West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia
A hybrid quantum-classical framework for MRI-based deep brain tumor segmentation and classification
Knockdown of LINC01234 suppresses radiation-induced bystander cell ferroptosis through the MECOM–MAPK signaling pathway
Wind-power curve anomaly type recognition via image-topology-semantic multi-feature fusion and contrastive learning
MF-TT model for real-time applications in smart tourism English translation under transformer-based fusion network
Community knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behaviors regarding Chikungunya virus infection in Burao, Somaliland: implications for vector control and public health interventions
Sargassum latifolium-mediated Se/CuO/MgO/ZnO nanocomposite enhances salt tolerance in Phaseolus vulgaris and exhibits antibacterial and antioxidant activities
Abstract Macroalgae represents a powerful, renewable bioplatform for generating high-performance nanomaterials that bridge sustainability with advanced biotechnological applications. However, crop production and multi-drug resistance microbes are considered the main challenge worldwide. Also, the incorporation of macroalgae metabolites to generate multimetallic nanocomposite, as a new active compound, remains unexplored. In this work, the brown macroalga Sargassum latifolium was exploited as a robust biofactory for the green fabrication of multifunctional active tetrametallic Se/CuO/MgO/ZnO (TSCMZ) nanocomposite. The biosynthesized TSCMZ were characterized by FT-IR which explains the role of different algal-active metabolites in biofabrication process. Also, TEM, SAED, and EDX confirm the spherical shape with average sizes of 24 nm and the presence of metallic elements as main nanocomposite component. Polycrystalline architecture of synthesized nanocomposite was confirmed by XRD analysis. Under field conditions, Phaseolus vulgaris L. exposed to 100 mM NaCl experienced drastic impairments in growth, metabolism, and yield stability. Remarkably, foliar application of TSCMZ (50–200 ppm), especially at 200 ppm, significantly mitigate salt stress, elevating metabolic performance, and recovering key yield attributes. This enhancement was accompanied by substantial increases in chlorophylls (a, b, and a + b), carotenoids, free proline, carbohydrate and protein biosynthesis, indicating strengthened osmotic adjustment and redox homeostasis. Beyond its agronomic impact, TSCMZ displayed striking antibacterial potency, with low MIC values (12.5–25 µg mL –1 ) against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens including E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae . Moreover, the algal-mediated tetrametallic nanocomposite demonstrated high antioxidant strength through potent DPPH radical scavenging at ≥ 125 µg mL –1 . Collectively, these findings demonstrate that TSCMZ is a salt-stress mitigation treatment and have the efficacy to inhibits the growth of MDR bacterial strains.
Sex-specific responses of finishing pigs to dietary protein restriction in nutrient utilization and nitrogen-related metabolites derived from gut microbiota
Abstract This study was conducted to explore the effects of dietary protein restriction on growth performance, nutrient utilization, gut microbiota, and microbial metabolites in finishing pigs, as well as to elucidate potential sex-associated differences between gilts and barrows. A total of 36 gilts and 36 barrows at 110 days of age were allocated to six groups in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of three dietary protein levels and two sexes. Dietary crude protein levels were 17%, 15%, and 13% during phase I, and 15%, 13%, and 11% during phase II. The whole feeding trial lasted 51 days. Overall, lowering dietary protein levels altered the digestibilities of crude protein, ether extract, calcium and phosphorus ( P < 0.01), and exerted sex-specific influences on serum total protein and nitric oxide concentrations ( P < 0.05). Among gut microbiota, five genera responded to protein restriction ( P < 0.05), eight showed sex differences ( P < 0.05), and six exhibited sex-specific responses to dietary protein levels ( P < 0.05). Dietary protein restriction reduced gut microbiota-derived ammonia nitrogen and six of eight biogenic amines ( P < 0.05); four of these metabolites differed between sexes ( P < 0.05), and four showed protein × sex interactions ( P < 0.05). The nitrogen-related metabolites were positively correlated with specific microbiota only in gilts ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary protein restriction induced sex-specific alterations in gut microbiota and nitrogen-associated metabolites in finishing pigs, and such metabolic responses were exclusively linked to microbiota changes in gilts but not in barrows.