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Analysis of gas bubbling dynamics via lie symmetry approach of nonlinear wave equation
Abstract Bubbles formed by the introduction of gas into a liquid are a common phenomenon, known as gas bubbling in liquids. This process is widely utilized in various industries for aeration, mixing, and purification. An optimal system of Lie symmetry analysis is employed to investigate the generalized (3 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear wave equation (NLWE). Single, double, triple, and quadruple linear combinations are constructed to derive novel solutions that represent different dynamic and turbulent behaviors of the bubbles. This equation models a wide range of nonlinear phenomena occurring in liquids containing gas bubbles. The proposed methodology is used to obtain a diverse set of accurate soliton solutions to the equation. Furthermore, the resulting solutions are analyzed in terms of their physical interpretations.
Guanidine aptamers are present in vertebrate RNAs associated with calcium signaling and neuromuscular function
Abstract Guanidine is a protein denaturant that is a widely used constituent in explosives, plastics, and resins. Its effects on muscle contraction were initially reported in 1876, which eventually led to the use of guanidine as a treatment for certain ataxia symptoms such as those caused by Lambert-Eaton disease. However, its mechanisms of therapeutic action remained unknown. Guanidine was recently found to be a widespread natural metabolite through the discovery of four bacterial riboswitch classes that selectively recognize this compound. Here, we report the discovery and biochemical validation of vertebrate members of guanidine-I and -II riboswitch aptamer classes that are associated with numerous genes relevant to neuromuscular function, mostly involved in Ca2+ transport or signaling. These findings suggest that guanidine is a widely used signaling molecule that serves as an additional layer of regulation of genes relevant to neuromuscular disorders.
An enhanced fruit fly optimization algorithm with random spare and double adaptive weight strategies for oil and gas production optimization
Abstract In the field of petroleum extraction, enhancing oil and gas recovery processes is essential for sustaining the economic viability of energy enterprises and addressing the continuously increasing global energy demand. Efficient subsurface production plays a pivotal role in strategic decision-making, including the selection of optimal drilling sites and the determination of effective well control parameters. However, conventional reservoir optimization techniques are often computationally intensive and may struggle to deliver satisfactory solutions. As a promising alternative, evolutionary algorithms—rooted in the principles of natural selection—have demonstrated strong potential for addressing complex optimization problems due to their gradient-free nature and inherent suitability for parallel computation. In this study, we propose an enhanced evolutionary algorithm tailored for global optimization and oil and gas production improvement. This method builds upon the original Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm (FOA) by incorporating a random spare mechanism and a dual adaptive weighting scheme, aiming to achieve a more effective balance between exploration and exploitation during the search process. Specifically, after the standard FOA updates the population, the random spare mechanism is introduced to enhance exploratory capabilities and avoid premature convergence. Subsequently, the dual adaptive weighting strategy is employed to improve convergence speed and solution refinement. The proposed RDFOA algorithm is rigorously validated through comprehensive experiments on benchmark test suites from IEEE CEC 2017 and IEEE CEC 2022. These evaluations include ablation studies, scalability analyses, visualization of search trajectories, and comparative assessments against state-of-the-art algorithms. On the CEC 2017 benchmark, RDFOA outperforms CLACO in 17 functions and QCSCA in 19 functions. On the CEC 2022 benchmark, it surpasses CCMSCSA and HGWO in 10 functions. The experimental results clearly demonstrate that RDFOA consistently achieves superior performance in oil and gas production optimization scenarios.
A multivalent mRNA vaccine elicits robust immune responses and confers protection in a murine model of monkeypox virus infection
Enhancer RNAs contribute to genome reprogramming driven by a GATA3 noncoding variant in leukaemia
Vaccination with Acinetobacter baumannii adhesin Abp2D provides protection against catheter-associated urinary tract infection
A DFIG impedance reshaping method based on dynamic compensation of rotor current to enhance the stability in the mid-frequency band
Heat transfer in metallic nanometre-sized gaps
Enhancing art creation through AI-based generative adversarial networks in educational auxiliary system
The South American MicroBiome Archive (saMBA): enriching the microbiome field by studying neglected populations
Abstract The human gut microbiome is associated with numerous health outcomes, often in a region-specific manner. Unfortunately, global microbiome research remains profoundly imbalanced: over 70% of sequenced human microbiomes originate from Europe and North America, which together represent only 15% of the world’s population. To address this disparity, we developed saMBA—the largest archive of gut microbiomes from South America, one of the world’s most microbiome-diverse regions but also among the least studied. The archive comprises 33 studies, ~73% of which had not been included in any previous compendium. A total of 3382 samples were reanalysed, of which 2913 were successfully included after applying quality filters. By leveraging this resource, we reveal both high within-population diversity and between-population uniqueness in the continent, expanding our current understanding of the gut microbiome to be more globally representative. Additionally, saMBA reveals that much of the region’s gut microbiome diversity remains undercharacterised, and provides guidance for future sampling efforts to more accurately capture regional biodiversity. The framework used to build saMBA is compatible with existing global resources and is openly available, thus promoting the inclusion of other underrepresented populations to accelerate microbiome research globally.
Encapsulated tri-band terahertz (THz) swiveled dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and photonic band gap (PBG) crystal for gain enhancement
Nucleophilic addition promoted ring rearrangement-aromatization in aza-/thio-sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis
Efficacy and safety of anlotinib monotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and clinical role of α-fetoprotein
Design of Ig-like binders targeting α-synuclein fibril for mitigating its pathological activities
Oral cancer detection via Vanilla CNN optimized by improved artificial protozoa optimizer
Effect of intrapartum azithromycin on early childhood gut mycobiota development: post hoc analysis of a double-blind randomized trial
Abstract Intrapartum azithromycin prophylaxis reduced maternal infections but showed no effect on neonatal sepsis and mortality. Although antibiotic exposure may indirectly alter the mycobiota (community of fungi that live in a given environment), there is no data available on how intrapartum azithromycin impacts gut mycobiota development. We hereby assess the impact of intrapartum azithromycin on gut mycobiota development from birth to the age of three years, by ITS2 gene profiling of rectal samples from 102 healthy Gambian infants selected from a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial (PregnAnZI-2 – ClinicalTrials.org NCT03199547). In the trial, women received 2 g oral azithromycin or placebo (1:1) during labour with the intension of assessing effect on neonatal sepsis or mortality. Secondary objectives included effects on bacterial carriage and resistance, puerperal infections, and infant growth. Our analysis show that season and parity were key factors that influenced gut mycobiota development. Intrapartum azithromycin increased the abundance of Candida orthopsilosis but only in the wet season and did not show different effects by sex of the child. These data suggest that season and parity can be key factors influencing gut mycobiota development and may inform strategies for a wider implementation of intrapartum azithromycin intervention.