Browse Articles

Does epitope specificity dictate FNAIT severity?

Real-world outcomes for lisocabtagene maraleucel in patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma

Abstract This study assessed real-world effectiveness and safety of lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel) in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL), including those with high-risk disease, secondary central nervous system (sCNS) involvement, comorbidities, and poor fitness, using data in the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research Registry from 5 February 2021 to 4 February 2025. Eligible patients (N = 1116) received liso-cel and had ≥1 effectiveness and safety assessment after infusion, including 195 in the second-line setting, 71 with sCNS, and 257 with transformed LBCL. Median age was 71.1 years (range, 21.5-91.2), with 72.3% aged ≥65 years. Within the overall population, 6.6% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of ≥2, 53.4% had ≥1 comorbidity, and the median number of previous lines of therapy was 3 (range, 1-16). Median study follow-up was 12.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.5-12.8). Among effectiveness-evaluable patients (n = 1109), objective response rate was 81.2% and complete response rate was 71.3%. Duration of response, progression-free survival, and overall survival rates at 12 months were 60.2% (95% CI, 56.4-63.9), 51.2% (95% CI, 48.0-54.4), and 67.6% (95% CI, 64.5-70.6), respectively. Cytokine release syndrome was reported in 51.0% of patients, with grade ≥3 events in 2.5%. Immune effector cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome was reported in 26.6% of patients, with grade ≥3 events in 9.2%. The 12-month nonrelapse mortality rate was 6.1% (95% CI, 4.6-7.8). These real-world data reinforce the effectiveness and safety of liso-cel in this broad population of patients with R/R LBCL, including younger patients and those with high-risk disease features.

Blinatumomab consolidation for high-risk Ph– B-ALL

Distinct genetic architecture in the tails of complex traits

Abstract Complex traits are highly polygenic, with heritability explained by many hundreds of common variants of small effect together with rare variants of large effect 1 . Yet how this genetic architecture varies along the trait continuum has been underexplored, as has the role of natural selection in shaping this variation. Here we developed an approach based on polygenic risk scores that reveals widespread departures from common-variant architecture in one or both of the tails of 74 quantitative traits. These observations were replicated across ancestries, cohorts and repeated measures and using an alternative family-based approach 2 . Incorporating rare variants identified from sequence data resulted in marked reductions in these deviations, suggesting that rare alleles of large effect are key drivers of trait-tail architecture. Forward simulations showed that stabilizing selection could generate the observed patterns, whereas modelling reproductive success provided empirical support for the role of selection. These findings show that although complex traits are polygenic in the population at large, they have a distinct and less polygenic architecture in their tails due to selection. This has implications for rare-variant discovery and complex trait and disease prediction.

OutFOXing a FENDRR bender in T-ALL

Protein disulfide isomerase oxidase activity in thrombosis

Single-phase gradient-solvation-electrolyte-stabilized Li metal batteries

Synergetic Relay of Phenoxyl‐Radical‐Mediated Oligomerization and Aromatic‐Ring‐Opening Processes for Organic Wastewater Treatment

ABSTRACT Efficient removal of recalcitrant aromatic compounds in organic wastewater is hindered by ambiguous reaction pathways in conventional single‐process polymerization or ring‐opening mineralization. Herein, we report a synergistic relay strategy that integrates phenoxyl‐radical‐mediated oligomerization and aromatic‐ring‐opening pathways for the highly efficient treatment of organic wastewater. This approach couples an initial high‐valence iron‐oxo species (HVIO)‐driven oligomerization via formal hydrogen atom transfer at one site with a subsequent singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 )‐mediated ring‐opening reaction at an adjacent site, enabled by a dual‐single‐atom Fe 1 Cu 1 /TiO 2 photocatalyst. Under solar‐light irradiation, photoinduced electrons are transferred to peroxymonosulfate (PMS) at the Fe 1 site, which acts as a critical activator to generate HVIO for oligomerization‐based removal. Simultaneously, holes oxidize PMS at the Cu 1 site to produce 1 O 2 , leading to efficient aromatic‐ring‐opening. This sequential strategy achieved nearly 72% chemical oxygen demand removal with 23% carbon recovery into separable polymer products within 10 min for the phenol and ultimately reached complete removal with a rate constant of 1.21 min −1 , significantly surpassing most reported values. Moreover, the system exhibited excellent stability and long‐term activity in a custom‐designed photo‐filter reactor, highlighting its practical potential. By coupling oligomerization and mineralization, this work provides a groundbreaking and versatile platform for treating complex organic wastewater.

Chihara D, Dores GM, Flowers CR, Morton LM. The bidirectional increased risk of B-cell lymphoma and T-cell lymphoma. <i>Blood</i> . 2021;138(9):785-789.

Taming a Blue Gas—Structure and Chemistry of Hexafluorothioacetone

ABSTRACT Hexafluorothioacetone ( 1 ), a blue gas at r.t. and unusually prone to dimerization, was synthesized and characterized by single‑crystal x‑ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The C═S bond lengths in 1 were determined to be 1.583–1.595 Å, representing the shortest C═S bond lengths reported for a non‐cumulene system. DFT calculations indicate an only mildly polar covalent C═S bond. Furthermore, due to the strongly electron withdrawing CF 3 groups, the polarity of the C═S bond is reversed to C δ– ═S δ+ , running contrary to their electronegativities. The 13 C NMR spectrum of neat 1 collected at 193 K shows resonances at 205.4 ppm ( 2 J CF  = 37.7 Hz) and 116.7 ppm ( 1 J CF  = 278.7 Hz), with the thiocarbonyl resonance shifted unusually far up‐field, further underscoring the inverted polarity of the C═S bond. Nickel complexes with 1 as side‐on ligand (η 2 ) and ancillary ligands (COD, pyridine, TMEDA) were obtained, in which the nickel atom adopts a pseudo square‑planar geometry. The C–S bond lengths in these complexes (1.735–1.762 Å) lie between typical single (1.78 Å) and double (1.61 Å) bonds.

A Carbon‐Induced Surface Reconstruction on an Operating Fischer–Tropsch Catalyst

ABSTRACT Heterogeneous catalysts are often assumed to undergo substantial chemical and morphological changes under reaction conditions. However, obtaining information on the state of a catalyst surface at the usually applied high pressures is difficult. For the Co catalyst used in the industrial Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, a widely held view is that the surface experiences a carbon‐induced roughening that is essential for its activity. We have tested this idea by performing the reaction on a Co(0001) surface with a sacrificial carbide layer. In situ scanning tunneling microscopy experiments at ∼1 bar synthesis gas and 473 K show that, at the increased C coverage, the surface does not undergo the predicted roughening. Instead, a unique carbon‐induced reconstruction forms, consisting of triangular partial stacking faults in which C atoms occupy the fault lines. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the reconstruction is more stable than the roughened state. For the detectable range of C 1 to C 4 reaction products, gas chromatography shows no effect of the reconstruction, consistent with the view that the activity is primarily determined by the density of atomic steps, which remains unchanged. These findings can serve as a new basis for describing the Co particles of the industrial catalyst.

Anatomy of a seafloor spreading event captured by in situ seismogeodesy

Abstract Over geological time, the growth of the ocean floor involves magmatic and tectonic extension 1 at mid-ocean ridges (MORs). Because seismogeodetic monitoring of these submarine plate boundaries remains challenging 2–7 , little is known about how these systems operate on yearly timescales. Here we report the first, to our knowledge, in situ observation of a rifting event at a MOR segment that combines hydroacoustic, direct-path ranging and bottom-pressure measurements, with repeated seafloor mapping. This event started on 26 April 2024 at the axis of the Southeast Indian Ridge (SEIR) near 37° S, two months after instruments had been deployed across the ridge axis and nearby Amsterdam transform fault (TF). The event began as a rapidly migrating swarm of extensional seismicity along the axial valley. It caused 4 m of subsidence of the valley floor and more than a metre of horizontal extension across the valley. We interpret this as the deflation of a sill-like reservoir feeding propagating dykes along the ridge axis. The dykes eventually led to the outpouring of about 160 million m 3 of lava at the seafloor in about 16 days, while inducing both seismic and aseismic slip on valley-bounding normal faults and finally triggering seismic activity on the abutting TFs. Large-scale aseismic slip induced by magmatic processes could therefore be the primary mechanism by which MOR normal faults accrue their displacement, which would account for their well-documented seismic deficit 8,9 .

A Multidentate Coordination Complex‐Based Self‐Assembled Monolayer Stabilizes Perovskite Interface

ABSTRACT Self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) have emerged as promising hole‐selective contacts for buried‐interface engineering in inverted perovskite photovoltaics. However, most reported SAMs rely on a single phosphonic‐acid anchoring group, which is prone to desorption during device fabrication and operation. In addition, their limited affinity for perovskite precursors often leads to poor wettability and non‐ideal interfacial film formation. Here, we report a multidentate Fe(III) porphyrin complex as a co‐SAM component that simultaneously reinforces substrate anchoring and promotes interfacial coupling with the perovskite, thereby stabilizing the buried interface. The four phosphonic‐acid groups on porphyrin enable robust tetradentate chelation with the oxide substrate, increasing the adsorption energy by more than threefold. Meanwhile, the Fe center stabilizes the axial chloride ligand, which interacts with perovskite precursor, increases the apparent surface energy by ∼30%, and reduces the contact angle by ∼40%, thereby promoting high‐quality perovskite crystallization. As a result, small‐area devices achieve a power conversion efficiency of 27.06% (certified 26.82%), while perovskite modules deliver 24.1% efficiency over a 21.54 cm 2 aperture area, together with substantially improved operational stability. These results establish coordination‐complex‐based SAMs as an effective platform for stabilizing buried interfaces in perovskite photovoltaics.

Probe the Electron Spin Polarization of the Otherwise Unobservable ³ MLCT Triplet State Through Polarization Transfer Accompanying the Intramolecular Triplet–Triplet Energy Transfer in Pt(II)‐Salen Schiff Base Complexes

ABSTRACT The non‐Boltzmann population of the triplet sublevels in Pt(II)‐Schiff base complexes, and other phosphorescent transition metal complexes, exhibits large zero‐field splitting (ZFS, ∼25 cm −1 ), preventing a time‐resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) study. To investigate the intersystem crossing (ISC) electron spin selectivity of the Pt(II) complexes, we attached a perylene unit as a triplet energy acceptor. Our method relies on the conservation of spin angular momentum during the ultrafast intramolecular triplet–triplet energy transfer (TTET) from the metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer ( 3 MLCT) state to the 3 Pery state of the appended perylene unit, which has a small ZFS (0.05 cm −1 ) and can be studied with an X‐band TREPR spectrometer. TTET occurs within ∼1 ps. TREPR spectra detected no signal from the native complex, while the modified complex showed the 3 Pery state spectrum with an electron spin polarization (ESP) pattern ( e , a , e , a , e , a ), distinct from the spin‐orbit coupling (SOC)‐generated 3 Pery state ( e , e , e , a , a , a ). Based on the orientation of the two units, the population ratios of the 3 MLCT sublevels were deduced as P x : P y : P z = 0.58:0.22:0.20 (in acceptor's coordinates). Our approach offers a novel way to deduce the ISC spin selectivity in phosphorescent transition metal complexes.

Cycloazulenylene

ABSTRACT Nonalternant hydrocarbons differ significantly from their alternant analogs due to their nonsymmetric electronic structure, which manifests in distinct (anti)aromaticity, optical behavior, and redox properties. Subjecting such systems to strain and macrocyclic conjugation further changes these characteristics, leading to materials with fundamentally new properties. Azulene, a nonalternant hydrocarbon known for its anti‐Kasha fluorescence and intense blue coloration, is herein strained into a macrocycle along its 2,6‐positions. Alternating 2,2′ and 6,6′ linkages of the subunits form the symmetric all‐azulene analogue of [6]cycloparaphenylene, termed [6]cycloparaazulenylene ([6]CPA). Its structure was elucidated via single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, revealing pronounced dihedral torsion between adjacent azulene subunits and an unusual tubular packing motif. The macrocycle exhibits electronic delocalization along the macrocyclic perimeter, a remarkably narrow HOMO–LUMO gap, and intense absorption in the visible range. Computational analyses of aromaticity show that, despite the 60  π ‐electron (4 n ) macrocyclic perimeter, the overall electronic structure is dominated by the local aromaticity of the 10 π ‐electron (4 n +2) azulene subunits, while a weak paratropic ring current is induced upon application of an external magnetic field.

Controlled Reactive Metal−Support Interactions in NiIn/CeO ₂ Catalysts for Enhanced Methanol Synthesis from CO ₂

ABSTRACT Reactive metal‐support interactions (RMSIs) frequently occur under high‐temperature reaction conditions, leading to intricate reconstructions of metal‐oxide interfaces and alloy formation. Such uncontrollable features severely impede the optimization of catalytic performance. In this study, we demonstrate precise control over RMSIs by leveraging the high mobility of InO x on CeO 2 support under hydrogen reducing conditions—directly visualized by in situ environmental electron microscopy—in combination with the quantitative tuning of InO x content via atomic layer deposition. The resulting optimized catalyst delivers an exceptional space‐time yield of 1.67 g MeOH ·g cat −1 ·h −1 at 280°C in the CO 2 hydrogenation reaction, surpassing previously reported Ni‐based catalysts and even Pd‐based noble metal catalysts in the literature. In situ spectroscopic characterization reveals that the controlled RMSIs enables the optimization of InO x /NiIn interface, which promotes the selective conversion of HCOO* to CH 3 O* and subsequently to methanol, thereby significantly enhancing the methanol production. These findings highlight the critical role of precisely regulated RMSIs in the rational design of high‐performance catalysts.

Water‐Derived Radical Species Initiate Six‐Electron Oxidation of Cyclic Ketones in Microdroplets

ABSTRACT Direct six‐electron oxidation of cyclohexanone and other cyclic ketones and associated C‐C bond cleavage can be achieved in microdroplets without the need for external oxidants, metal catalysts, or thermal activation. Mechanistic studies indicate that presence of trace amounts of water initiate the oxidative transformation by generating reactive radical species. Isotopic labeling experiments employing D 2 O and H 2 18 O provide evidence for involvement of water radical cation (H 2 O •+ ) as the active oxidant. Experiments using different nebulizing gases suggest that both water radical cation and molecular oxygen are required for the oxidation. Furthermore, the radical trapping agent 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidone (TEMPO) suppresses product formation, consistent with a radical‐mediated mechanism. The substrate scope of this reaction was verified using different cyclic ketones which yielded dicarboxylic acids/keto acids. In line with the mass spectrometric results, the reaction using cyclohexanone was scaled up using a single sprayer (∼ 12 mg product was collected in 3 h) for characterization by 1 H NMR spectroscopy, which verified the formation of adipic acid in microdroplets. Overall, this study (i) demonstrates the need for trace amounts of water during microdroplet reactions, (ii) showcases the exceptional oxidizing power of water microdroplets, and (iii) introduces a green, energy‐efficient pathway for dicarboxylic acid/keto acid synthesis.

Multiomic profiling links L1 retrotransposition to genomic instability and ecDNA in bladder cancer

Abstract Bladder cancer is frequent and highly recurrent. Despite recent advances, knowledge gaps remain in molecular mechanisms underlying disease progression. In this study, we apply integrated multi-omic analyses to a cohort of 48 bladder cancer patients to comprehensively profile genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, and spatial features. Combining cell-free DNA sequencing, long-read tumor DNA-sequencing, RNA-sequencing, and spatial transcriptomics, we explore molecular alterations driving bladder cancer. We find frequent somatic LINE-1 (L1) insertions, and show that these L1 insertions are active and occur early in bladder cancer development. We link somatic L1 insertion with downstream genomic rearrangements and chromosomal instability, including increased structural variant and extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) counts in patients with high L1 counts. We identify variable ecDNA enrichment across tissue architecture, with highest enrichment overlapping differential expression of APOBEC3B and immune response pathways. In summary, our results support a model whereby L1 retrotransposition triggers downstream genomic instability and viral mimicry response.

Multirole Integrated Filler Design for Polymer‐in‐Salt Electrolytes Enables Long‐Life, Safe Solid‐State Lithium Batteries

ABSTRACT Although polymer‐in‐salt (PIS) electrolyte strategy is widely employed in solid‐state lithium batteries for interface stabilization through ion transport modulation and interphase chemistry tailoring, its application remains plagued by interfacial degradation induced by residual solvent and inherent ionic conductivity‐mechanics trade‐off. Herein, we propose a multirole integrated filler design to simultaneously address these limitations through defect chemistry and interface engineering. CaF 2 filler, as a representative case, synergistically promotes salt dissociation and ion‐conducting sites generation through fluorine vacancy defects while reinforcing the polymer matrix via hydrogen bonding interactions and high bulk modulus. This enables roll‐to‐roll scalable fabrication of ultra‐thin (ca. 8 µm) PIS membrane with exceptional ionic conductivity of 3.32 × 10 −4 S cm −1 at 25°C. Crucially, the in situ generated LiF/Li‐Ca interphase suppresses both residual solvent decomposition and dendrite formation, achieving stable cycling in lithium symmetric cells for nearly 1600 h and high‐capacity retention in full cells with LiFePO 4 or NCM811 cathodes over 1000 cycles. The outstanding thermal stability (melting point: 1418°C) of CaF 2 further boosts the inherent safety of pouch cells under mechanical and thermal abuse conditions. This single‐component filler strategy effectively addresses multiple performance bottlenecks in polymer electrolytes, offering a scalable and cost‐effective pathway for practical solid‐state batteries.

Modulating nonequilibrium electron–phonon interactions and energy relaxation in MXenes by surface-anchored Mo3S7 nanoclusters

Abstract Electron–phonon (e–ph) interactions govern photoinduced nonequilibrium dynamics of MXenes, determining hot-carrier relaxation and parasitic heat accumulation. However, strategies to deliberately modulate these interactions through chemical control, together with mechanistic understanding, remain underexplored. Here, we demonstrate the effective modulation of nonequilibrium e–ph interactions in Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene via surface-anchored Mo 3 S 7 nanoclusters, which introduce a rapid energy harvesting pathway competing with intrinsic e–ph relaxation. Using mild ligand substitution, Mo 3 S 7 nanoclusters are densely and homogenously anchored onto Ti 3 C 2 T x via coordination bonding between Mo centers and O-terminations. Femtosecond transient absorption and optical-pump terahertz-probe spectroscopy reveal an ultrafast, sub-100 fs nonthermal electron and/or energy extraction, with efficiency increasing from ~28.6 % at 1.55 eV to ~38.2 % at 3.88 eV. This excitation-energy-dependent enhancement is enabled by improved energetic alignment between hot electrons in Ti 3 C 2 T x and the conduction-band manifold of Mo 3 S 7 . The competitive depletion of nonthermal electrons suppresses coherent A 1g phonon excitation, reducing effective e–ph interactions. Our study offers a viable strategy for modulating e–ph interactions in MXenes, advancing hot carrier relaxation and thermal management in next-generation optoelectronic devices.