Browse Articles

A magnetized protostellar jet launched from the innermost disk at the truncation radius

Working mode detection method based on bidirectional LSTM for pipe jacking inertial automatic guidance system

Consequences of ignoring dominance genetic effects from genomic selection model for discrete threshold traits

Comparison the effects of arginine and sodium nitroprusside on the vase-life of Polianthes tuberosa L. cut flowers

Optimizing sustainable and multifunctional management of Alpine Forests under climate change

Asymmetric Cobalt Single-Atom Catalysts with Engineered Hydrophobic Microenvironment: A Reaction-Transport Coupled Strategy for Efficient Methyl Oleate Epoxidation

Multidimensional pan cancer analysis of the sodium induced cell death gene TRPM4

Research on projection light field encoding and reconstruction based on parallel camera arrays

A novel brain MRI classification framework integrating tuned single scale retinex and empirical wavelet entropy features

Enhancing methyldopa solubility via green supercritical fluid techniques using ethanol co-solvent

Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the solubility of methyldopa in supercritical carbon dioxide. Solubility was examined at temperatures of 338, 328, 318, and 308 K, in both the presence and absence of a co-solvent. Specifically, ethanol was evaluated as a co-solvent. Semi-empirical and empirical approaches, as well as the Peng-Robinson equation, were applied to analyze the experimental data. The mole fraction (solubility) of methyldopa was found to range from 0.078 × 10−4 (0.21 g/l) to 1.082 × 10−4 (3.38 g/l) in the binary system and from 0.405 × 10−4 (1.38 g/l) to 3.143 × 10−4 (11.33 g/l) as well as from 1.225 × 10−4 (4.60 g/l) to 8.979 × 10−4 (34.94 g/l) at 1 and 3 mol % respectively. The findings indicated that incorporating a co-solvent, particularly ethanol, resulted in a substantial enhancement in solubility. The maximum enhancement was recorded in the methyldopa-ethanol-CO2 system at 12 MPa and 338 K, where the solubility was found to be 15.70 times higher than in pure supercritical carbon dioxide. The models employed for data evaluation exhibited robust correlations with the experimental outcomes. Among these models, the Soltani-Mazloumi model exhibited the strongest correlation with the experimental solubility data.

Cone-beam computed tomography-guided volumetric assessment of secondary alveolar bone grafting

Abstract This study aimed to develop and implement a standardized 3D workflow for surgical planning and outcome assessment in secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). A 3D protocol was developed using medically certified software for semiautomatic segmentation, mirroring, voxel-based alignement of the maxilla and volumetric analysis of cleft and graft regions. This workflow was applied on a retrospective cohort of patients with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (CLA) and/or cleft lip and palate (CLP) who received iliac bone mixed with synthetic biphasic calcium phosphate for bone grafting. CBCT scans (preoperative, immediate postoperative, and six-months follow-up) from 23 patients with unilateral clefts were analysed. The non-cleft side was mirrored to serve as reference for symmetric reconstruction. Measured parameters included alveolar cleft volume, grafted bone volume, integrated bone volume and missing volume. The workflow enabled reliable volumetric quantification. The preoperative cleft volume averaged 1505 mm3 (SD 425 mm3) and graft volume 1983 mm3 (SD 407 mm3). After six months, the mean integrated bone volume was 851 mm3 (SD 294 mm3), corresponding to a mean graft resorption of 57% (SD 13%) and alveolar cleft restoration of 58% (SD 19%). This 3D CBCT-based protocol provides a robust methodological framework for assessing SABG outcomes. It enhances quantification of cleft morphology and graft integration, supporting improved surgical planning, follow-up, and cross-study comparability.

Novel insights into pathomechanisms of retinal neuronal degeneration and reactive gliosis in a murine model of GM1-gangliosidosis

Abstract GM1-gangliosidosis is a lysosomal storage disease characterized by the accumulation of GM1 ganglioside in neurons, including retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Although vision impairment and retinal degeneration are well-known manifestations in humans, knowledge about the underlying mechanism of these lesions is limited. Pathological retinal changes in a Glb1 knockout (Glb1 −/−) mouse model were assessed using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy in 4- and 7-month-old wild type and Glb1 knockout (Glb1 −/−) mice. Increased numbers of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive Müller cells (MCs) were detected in Glb1 −/− mice both at 4 and 7 months of age, indicating glial reactivity. A transient increase in glutamine synthetase (GS) positive MCs at 4 months of age with a subsequent decrease by 7 months, most likely related to reduced expression of GS, was also observed. Immunohistochemistry revealed loss of RGCs, storage material accumulation and decreased BRN3A expression in 7-month-old Glb1 −/− mice. Increasing numbers of Iba1-positive microglia/macrophages were detected in Glb1 −/− mice at both time points. Microglia/macrophages showed migration towards the inner retinal layers and acquired a morphological phenotype that indicates activation. The present study shows that the murine GM1 model used in this study is suitable for investigating ocular changes in lysosomal storage diseases.

Direct Editing of Cysteine to Electrophilic Alkyl Halides in Peptides

Evaluating climate shifts and drought regions in the central Indian river basins

Reconfigurable artificial neuron and synapse enabled through a single alloyed memristor

Abstract Memristive devices have drawn significant interest due to their use in novel paradigms such as neuromorphic computing. Neuromorphic systems are developed by implementing artificial neurons and synapses on a hardware level. Hence, memristors with multipurpose and reconfigurable neuromorphic functionalities could be highly beneficial in the design process. In this study, we experimentally verify that both neuronal and synaptic functions can be implemented on a single memristor. By controlling the device current at two different levels, the memristor operates in either a volatile or a nonvolatile retention regime. These two operation regimes are essential to mimic neuronal or synaptic behavior. Towards this end, we use an alloyed filamentary memristor (AgSn/SiO 2 /Pt) composed of ions with differing mobilities enabling both integrate and fire (IF) operation in the volatile regime and synaptic weights in the nonvolatile regime. By only changing the current compliance, these devices switch reliably between the aforementioned retention regimes. Additionally, our proposed training method significantly improves switching variability in the volatile regime. We show how the mean set voltage statistically reduce from 1.2 to 0.2 V; and the standard deviation of the set voltages reduced from 0.52 to 0.03 V.

A novel framework for trajectory planning in robotic arm developed by integrating dynamical movement primitives with particle swarm optimization

Hair follicle transplantation promotes skin ulcer healing in a mouse model of experimental diabetes

Public support for restrictions on the killing of coyotes at odds with organized stakeholder group preferences for management

Tech-Enhanced Synthesis: Exploring the Synergy between Organic Chemistry and Technology

A DFT study on hydrogen diffusion across zinc surfaces at low coverage

Abstract The mechanism governing hydrogen diffusion on Zn surfaces plays a crucial role in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This reaction is vital for various technological applications, particularly its influence on the cycling stability of aqueous Zn-ion batteries. However, the fundamental relationship between hydrogen diffusion, Zn surface properties, and HER remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the dynamics of hydrogen on Zn surfaces using density functional theory and ab initio molecular dynamics. Molecular dynamics data allow us to estimate the vibrational density of states of adsorbed hydrogen and to calculate the diffusion coefficients. Vibrational data indicate that the vibrational motion parallel to the surface of the hydrogen atom has a similar frequency to that of the surface phonons, suggesting the role of vibrations in the diffusion process; moreover, we calculate the diffusion coefficient on top of a frozen surface and get values that are several orders of magnitude lower than those obtained in the presence of surface phonons, i.e. $$\approx 10^{-8}$$ $${\text{m}}^2/{\text{s}}$$ .