Browse Articles

Assessing morphological changes in the choroid plexus between standing and supine positions using a rotatable MRI system

Widespread thiamine deficiency in California salmon linked to an anchovy-dominated marine prey base

Thiamine (vitamin B 1 ) deficiency in marine systems is a globally significant threat to marine life. In 2020, newly hatched Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) fry in California’s Central Valley (CCV) hatcheries swam in corkscrew patterns and died at unusually high rates due to a lack of this essential vitamin. We subsequently investigated the impacts and causes of thiamine deficiency in California’s anadromous salmonids. Our laboratory studies defined the relationship between thiamine concentrations in Chinook salmon eggs and early life-stage survival in offspring; we used these data to develop a model that estimated 26 to 48% thiamine-dependent fry mortality across consecutive years (2020–2021) for winter-run Chinook salmon. We established an egg surveillance effort that found widespread thiamine deficiency in CCV Chinook salmon in 2020 and 2021, and emerging thiamine deficiency in Klamath River and Trinity River coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) in 2021. We determined that thiamine injections into adults raised egg thiamine concentrations above levels found to impact early life-stage survival and swimming behavior. Ocean surveys, prey nutrition, salmon gut contents, and stable isotope data link thiamine deficiency to an ocean diet dominated by a booming population of northern anchovy ( Engraulis mordax ). This forage fish had low thiamine, high lipid, and high thiaminase activity levels consistent with both a thiaminase and oxidative stress hypothesis for causing thiamine deficiency in California salmon. Our research suggests California’s already stressed anadromous salmonids will continue to be impacted by thiamine deficiency as long as their ocean forage base and diet are dominated by northern anchovy.

Introduction of multiple disulfide bonds increases the thermostability of transglutaminase

Bioinspired Conyza bonariensis-mediated ZnO/rGO NCs for effective degradation of toxic compounds under visible-light irradiation

Investigating the role of bulk and nano nickel in amelioration of morphophysiology and photosynthetic activity of Triticum aestivum L.

Hilbert–Huang transform based pupil changes analysis for concentration assessment in skilled mowing

Local pattern aware 3D video swin transformer with masked autoencoding for realtime augmented reality gesture interaction

Surface-elastic hydrogels delay senescence via the modulation of redox homeostasis and cytoskeletal tension

Abstract The Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in clinical applications owing to their therapeutic properties. However, in vitro expansion of MSCs in tissue culture dishes induces aging, which reduces their quality through an undefined mechanism. This study delineates the role of substrate stiffness as a potential modulator to delay MSC aging by elucidating the senescence progression of preconditioned and serially passaged MSCs on engineered stiffness-tunable gelatinous hydrogels. We demonstrated that mechanoactivation of MSCs increased their radical-scavenging capacity, maintained redox homeostasis, restored actin dynamics, and maintained their therapeutic properties. The hydrogels alleviated hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress, linking mechanical signaling to redox balance and senescence. These hydrogels restored actin remodeling, highlighting the importance of cytoskeletal tension and dynamics in cellular senescence. We established a new culture method to maintain the stemness, proliferation, motility, and osteogenic differentiation potential of MSCs by serially passaging the cells on stepwise surface-elastic gels. Evidence points toward the complex interplay between mechanical memories and actin dynamics and their implications for autophagic activity in the delaying of senescent MSCs via hydrogels. Our findings suggest that mechanoregulation of culture substrates finely tunes the balance between cellular stress, redox homeostasis, and cytoskeletal dynamics to delay the progression of MSC senescence.

PML localization in tumor associated macrophages as a prognostic marker in triple negative breast cancer

A hybrid Spatial Ant Lion optimization and utilitarian data transmission approach for intelligent optimization for energy-efficient wireless sensor networks

Early warning signs of salt marsh drowning indicated by widespread vulnerability from declining belowground plant biomass

Salt marshes provide valuable ecosystem services but are vulnerable to drowning with accelerated sea-level rise (SLR). Marsh belowground biomass (BGB) production helps avoid drowning by building marsh surface elevation. Reductions in BGB can serve as an early warning sign of marsh deterioration, as they often precede decreases in aboveground biomass (AGB). However, landscape-scale BGB assessments to predict broad trends in marsh deterioration have not been previously available. We applied the Belowground Ecosystem Resiliency Model (BERM) to assess standing stocks and trends in both BGB and AGB over the past decade (2014–2023) across US Georgia coast Spartina alterniflora marshes (691 km 2 ). Over this time period, BGB and AGB averaged 841 ± 323 and 221 ± 14 g m −2 , respectively, but showed opposite trends. BGB decreased on average by 0.94% per year and over most of the marsh area (72%), while AGB increased on average by 0.66% per year and showed a net increase across most of the marsh area (88%). This disconnect suggests that AGB is not a good indicator of marsh resilience, and we highlight two areas with similar AGB but different BGB. Inundation intensity, an important predictor of BGB, rose through time and was negatively related to BGB. SLR trends suggest continuing increases in inundation, which will result in further declines in BGB followed by widespread marsh drowning. Landscape BGB assessments are a valuable tool to identify ecosystem vulnerability and proactively manage salt marshes and the services they provide under rising sea levels.

The effects of candidate probiotic strains on the gut environment in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mouse

Spatial regression analysis of land use impact on land surface temperature in four East Asian metropolises

Greening improvement scenarios for assessing the potential of urban carbon sinks and runoff reduction

RETRACTED ARTICLE: SIAH2-AS1 stimulates breast cancer cell proliferation and migration via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

PM2.5 concentration 7-day prediction in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region using a novel stacking framework

Glare suppressed 3D mapping system based on linear polarization filtering and binocular vision fusion

Multi-source data fusion-based knowledge transfer for unmanned aerial vehicle flight data anomaly detection and recovery

Preliminary high-dose irradiation of the recipient and associated damage of bone marrow stromal compartment enables bone marrow stroma transplantation

Big evolutionary fireworks in tiny glass houses