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Decoupling of industrial water consumption and economic expansion in the Yangtze River Economic Belt: a comparative analysis across three Five-Year plans
Retinoic acid receptor assembly dynamics governs dual functions in cochlear organogenesis
Retinoic acid (RA) is a morphogen that contributes to inner ear development. Gain and loss of function experiments have indicated retinoic acid’s critical role in cochlear hair cell development. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Here, we hypothesized that RA receptor alpha (RARA) has a dual role in cochlear organogenesis: First, during embryonic development, in the presence of RA, RARA functions as a transcriptional activator that induces prosensory gene expression in progenitor cells and supports differentiation of the organ of Corti; later during postnatal development, when RA is absent, the function of RARA switches, thereby repressing prosensory genes in postnatal hair cells and hindering trans-differentiation into supporting cells. This hypothesis was supported by demonstration that RARA forms a complex with either the coactivator NCOA1 or the corepressor NCOR1 depending on the developmental stage. In addition, modulation of RA levels was found to govern recruitment of the coactivator and corepressor to the RARA complex, and the expression of prosensory genes was validated to depend on RARA complex composition. Together, our results provide insights supporting the potential of harnessing RA signaling to induce prosensory progenitors in stem cell–based strategies for hearing loss.
Denture use and all-cause mortality risk in Chinese edentulous elderly: a follow-up study
Effect of MgO-HPAM nanocomposite on the rheological and filtration properties of water-based drilling fluids
Synergizing advanced algorithm of explainable artificial intelligence with hybrid model for enhanced brain tumor detection in healthcare
Development and longitudinal validation of the Veterinary Stressors Questionnaire
Pore size distributions and fractal characteristics of basalt fiber-reinforced coral sand concrete
Image colorization based on transformer
TMBIM6 promotes glioma progression according to integrated bioinformatics and experimental evidence
Aspirin improves short and long term survival outcomes of patients with sepsis associated encephalopathy
DFT and QTAIM analysis of fluorenol and fluorenone in molecular nanoelectronics
Testicular somatic and germ cell maturation during rhesus macaque development
The formation of bilateral testes in animals is critical for puberty, reproductive capacity, and testosterone production across the life course. In humans, testis development begins in embryonic life in the first trimester, with considerable effort focused on the cell and developmental events associated with testis cell specification, leaving limited knowledge on testicular organogenesis during the second and third trimesters. To fill this knowledge gap, we evaluated testicular cell maturation at weeks 5 (W5), W6, W8, W15, and W19 postconception using a rhesus macaque model. Our data identify a major transcriptional change in the somatic cells of the testis (Sertoli cells, interstitial cells and fetal Leydig cells) between W8 and W15, and this is associated with the maturation of seminiferous cords and maturation of PGCs into fetal spermatogonia. Through this work, we identified cellular changes and differential protein expression between W5 and W19 that can be used to holistically define testis development across the time course of embryonic and fetal life. This study provides important insights necessary to recreate the testicular niche from stem cells for biomedical research.
Predictive value of machine learning for radiation pneumonitis and checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis in lung cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Experimental study on dynamic tensile mechanical properties and energy dissipation of GFRP tube-mortar specimens with different hollow ratios
Near-infrared spectroscopy of the cerebellum in motor activation tasks
An intricate role of Ang II/AT1 in the modulation of monosodium glutamate-induced pulmonary fibrosis by TGF-β/Smad through quercetin
Abstract To investigate the protective actions of the natural flavonoid quercetin against monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats, the present study targets the modulation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and the involvement of Ang II/AT1. The experimental model involved the treatment of rats with MSG (0.6 g/kg body weight) for 4 weeks and quercetin dosages of 25 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg/kg body weight. The study applied the combination of biochemical, molecular, and histopathological evaluation to identify the role of quercetin in impacting major cytokines (IL-17, IL-19, TGF-β, VEGF), oxidative stress markers (TBARS, NO, SOD, CAT, GSH), extracellular matrix components (collagen-I, α-SMA, fibronectin), and fibrosis gene expression (TGF-β1, Smad2/3/4, CTGF, Snail, Slug). MSG treatment increased pro-fibrotic cytokines, oxidative stress, and deposition of collagen in a significant amount, while administration of quercetin dose-dependently reversed the alterations. Quercetin also reversed the activity of antioxidant enzymes, reduced inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited TGF-β/Smad signaling as indicated by lowered TGF-β receptor II activation and following Smad phosphorylation. Molecular docking demonstrated that quercetin competitively binds to TGF-β receptor II to inhibit MSG-induced fibrotic signaling. Quercetin inhibits MSG-induced lung fibrosis by inhibiting collagen accumulation and inflammatory cell invasion and has the potential to produce therapeutic effects by modulating TGF-β/Smad signaling and restoring lung tissue homeostasis.
Comparative analysis of ChatGPT 3.5 and ChatGPT 4 obstetric and gynecological knowledge
Effects of noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation on spatial memory in virtual reality
Abstract Spatial memory and navigation are foundational cognitive functions intricately tied to the hippocampal and striatal neural circuits. These regions integrate multisensory inputs from the environment, with the vestibular system exerting a particularly strong influence on visuospatial processing. While prior work has explored how Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS) can enhance spatial cognition in individuals with vestibular disorders, limited research has focused on its potentially beneficial effects in those without vestibular disorders. To address this gap, we present a study using a novel experimental paradigm that combines noisy GVS (nGVS) with virtual reality (VR) to systematically examine the impact of vestibular stimulation on spatial learning and memory in healthy adults. Our findings (n=32) suggest that nGVS can significantly improve spatial memory performance, facilitating learning and recollection compared to the without-nGVS condition. Unlike previous screen-based studies, our work uniquely integrates nGVS with an ecologically valid scenario in VR, with study results indicating nGVS as a potential modifier of human spatial memory.
Two fast algorithms for finding the solution of the lower Hessenberg quasi-Toeplitz linear system from Markov chain
Abstract We present two fast algorithms for finding the solution of the nonsingular lower Hessenberg quasi-Toeplitz linear system stem from Markov chain. And we confirm the complexity of these two algorithms is both O $$(n\log n)$$ based on the fact that a lower Hessenberg quasi-Toeplitz matrix can be written as the sum of a Toeplitz matrix and a rank-one matrix, such that the fast solver involves O $$(n\log n)$$ operators for solving the Toeplitz linear system can be adopted. Finally, numerical results prove the superiority and accuracy of our algorithms by comparing the values of residual and CPU time with existing algorithms.