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Mitochondrial tRNA processing defects reprogram mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis

Prognostic value of the lactate-albumin ratio in trauma: A comparison with shock index and injury severity score

This study aimed to assess the predictive value of lactate-to-albumin ratio (LAR) for in-hospital mortality and massive transfusion (MT) in severe trauma cases. This retrospective, observational, single-center study included patients who presented to a trauma center between 2016 and 2022. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, and the secondary outcome was MT. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine whether LAR was an independent risk factor. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to evaluate the predictive value of LAR. In total, 5,304 patients were included. Logistic regression analysis identified LAR as an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality. The AUROCs for predicting in-hospital mortality using LAR, Injury Severity Score (ISS), and Shock Index (SI) were 0.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73–0.75), 0.78 (95% CI, 0.77–0.779), and 0.51 (95% CI, 0.49–0.52), respectively. LAR was statistically significant compared with SI (p < 0.0001; 95% CI, 0.194–0.276) and similar to ISS (p = 0.0039; 95% CI, 0.0115–0.0604). LAR (0.84; 95% CI, 0.83–0.85) demonstrated superior predictive power for MT compared with SI (0.68; 95% CI, 0.67–0.70) and ISS (0.79; 95% CI, 0.78–0.80). LAR demonstrates a superior predictive ability for in-hospital mortality and MT.

Advanced maternal age, overweight and obese positively correlate to the abnormal plasma glucose among gestational diabetes mellitus women even with physical exercise > 90 min/day: a prospective cohort study in Shanghai

Modeling methylene blue removal using magnetic chitosan carboxymethyl cellulose multiwalled carbon nanotube composite with genetic algorithms and regression techniques

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) versus tissue culture technique (TCT) in diagnosis of spinal infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Spinal infections pose a significant clinical challenge due to the difficulty of early diagnosis. Traditional Tissue Culture Technique (TCT) has limitations, while Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) has emerged as a promising diagnostic tool. However, reports on the diagnostic performance of mNGS and TCT for spinal infections are inconsistent, and there has been a lack of systematic analysis of the evidence. This systematic review and meta-analysis included 10 studies involving a total of 770 patients to compare the diagnostic accuracy of mNGS and TCT. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and SinoMed to identify studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of mNGS and TCT for spinal infections. Data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 16.0 to compute the sensitivity, specificity, and Area Under the Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC). The meta-analysis revealed pooled estimates for mNGS with a sensitivity of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.74–0.87), specificity of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.48–0.91), and an AUC of 0.85 (95% CI, 0.82–0.88). In contrast, pooled estimates for TCT showed a sensitivity of 0.34 (95% CI, 0.27–0.43), specificity of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.79–0.98), and an AUC of 0.59 (95% CI, 0.55–0.63). While mNGS demonstrates higher sensitivity and overall diagnostic accuracy than TCT, its lower specificity suggests that it may be most effective when used alongside conventional methods to enhance diagnostic reliability in spinal infections.

Alterations in static and dynamic functional network connectivity in subcortical vascular cognitive impairment

CRISPR-Cas9 screening identifies a gene signature predictive of prognosis in glioblastoma

Enrofloxacin exposure enhances GABA synthesis via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in crucian carp brain

Associations between public health measures and mortality among hospitalised COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study in Malaysia

Hierarchical cross attention achieves pixel precise landslide segmentation in submeter optical imagery

Abstract Accurate landslide segmentation using remote sensing imagery is a critical component of geohazards response systems, particularly in time-sensitive tasks such as post-earthquake landslide damage assessment and emergency resource allocation. However, current methodologies struggle with two persistent challenges in sub-meter true-color imagery: fine-grained inter-class confusion between landslides and spectrally analogous terrain features, and within-landslide heterogeneity where localized damage signatures coexist with macro-scale deformation patterns within individual landslide bodies. To overcome these, we propose the Cross-Attention Landslide Detector (CALandDet), which improves the model’s ability to distinguish between landslide and background features by sharply capturing global landslide feature information and integrating global landslide feature information with local information via a cross-attention feature enhancement mechanism. Ablation experiments show that CALandDet outperforms baselines, as evidenced by a 4.89% enhanced F1 score and an 8.73% greater Intersection over Union (IoU). In comparative experiments, it outperforms the other models by 8.05–10.78% in IoU and 1.05–8.9% in F1 score, achieving an IoU of 82.65% and an F1 score of 81.64%. Furthermore, the Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) visualizations confirm that the decision regions generated by the CALandDet model exhibit a higher spatial consistency with the actual landslide areas, effectively capturing indicative features including surface textures, sliding debris, accumulation bodies, and vegetation destruction. The proposed method may serve as a reference for future advancements in landslide segmentation and other remote sensing segmentation tasks.

Genetic deficiency of EXOSC10 ribonuclease disrupts spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice

A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of antibiotic treatment in controlling colibacillosis in broiler production

The aim of this study was to evaluate, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, the efficacy of antibiotics in controlling colibacillosis in broiler production, by synthesizing evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The Cochrane method and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, and the databases CAB abstract, Agricola, PubMed and Web of Science were searched using relevant keywords to identify studies. Eligible studies had to report at least one of the following outcomes: mortality, feed conversion ratio (FCR), condemnations at slaughter and total antibiotic use. Risk of bias (RoB) by outcome of individual study and pairwise meta-analysis by outcome and antibiotic or antibiotics combination, when at least three studies were available, were also conducted. Out of 24,778 articles found in the searched databases, 48 studies were eventually selected. Most of the studies reported mortality as outcome (n = 43) and tested the antibiotic as metaphylactic treatment (n = 41). A total of 47 antibiotics belonging to 18 different classes were tested in the selected studies with enrofloxacin as the most studied. The overall RoB was “some concerns” in 78.2% of studies for mortality outcome and 73.7% for FCR outcome. Meta-analysis showed that doxycycline (0.04; 95% CI 0.02-0.10; P < 0.001) had the highest protective effect against mortality due to colibacillosis, followed by spectinomycin (0.11; 95% CI 0.05-0.26; P < 0.001), enrofloxacin (0.12; 95% CI 0.06-0.25; P < 0.001), lincomycin plus spectinomycin (0.22; 95% CI 0.13-0.38; P < 0.001), flumequine (0.25; 95% CI 0.14-0.44; P < 0.001) and oxytetracycline (0.31; 95% CI 0.20-0.50; P < 0.001). However, these results should be interpreted with caution due to the low number of studies included in the meta-analysis and the high variability in the animal models and study designs across RCTs. This review underscores the necessity for continued research to refine treatment strategies of colibacillosis in broiler production in line with the evolving regulatory and public health guidelines related to antibiotic use in animals.

Polysaccharide from Prinsepia utilis Royle maintains the skin barrier by mediating differentiation, lipid metabolism and tight junction of keratinocyte

Pan-Cancer Exome-wide analysis of germline mutational patterns and pathways

The association between hearing loss and depression in the China health and retirement longitudinal study

Magnetodynamics in exchange coupled composite magnets

Abstract Tailoring magnetization using all-optical methods in exchange-coupled composite magnets holds significant scientific potential for advancing ultrafast magneto-optic devices. Here, we investigate the femtosecond laser-activated magnetization dynamics in FeNi/FePt composites using time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect (tr-MOKE) spectroscopy across the both visible and extreme ultraviolet spectral ranges. Observations from visible tr-MOKE reveal ultrafast demagnetization and an initial magnetization reorientation, characterized by a transient increase in the in-plane magnetization vector occurring on timescales shorter than 500 fs. Core-resonant tr-MOKE at Ni, Fe $$\hbox {M}_{2,3}$$ and Pt $$\hbox {N}_{6,7}$$ -edge provide an element-specific contribution to the magnetodynamics. We infer that the sub picosecond magnetodynamics arises from the interplay between spin disordering and the dynamic nature of interlayer exchange coupling between FeNi and FePt in FeNi/FePt.

Excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Al–Ce–Zr alloys

Lesion to the vmPFC abolishes intentionality (mis)attribution in the Knobe effect

Eosinophil counts predict 3-year risk of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in carotid artery stenosis patients

Abstract Eosinophils are a part of the human immune system and have traditionally been thought to be associated with allergic reactions. Recent research has revealed their potentially important role in cardiovascular disease. We retrospectively collected data on 1155 patients who were diagnosed with carotid artery stenosis at our center from January 2016 to June 2021. These data included demographic information, laboratory measurements, and carotid ultrasounds. We constructed predictive models through binary logistic regression. A total of 1,155 patients were ultimately included in this study, among whom 157 experienced major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) within a three-year follow-up period. Multifactorial adjustment showed that previous operation history (OR 1.66[1.14–2.41], P = 0.008), previous history of stroke (OR 1.59[1.10–2.31], P = 0.014), total proteins (OR 0.97[0.95–0.99], P = 0.02), erythrocyte sedimentation rate(OR 1.01[1.01–1.02], P = 0.031), eosinophil counts(OR 4.62[1.60–13.35], P = 0.005) and treated with calcium channel blockers(CCBs) + β-blockers(BBs) (OR 3.08[2.04–4.63], P < 0.001) were independently associated with 3-year MACCE. Based on these key factors, the prediction model we constructed demonstrated satisfactory prediction performance, with an initial value of 0.739 for the area under the curve, which was stabilised at 0.721 after adjustment. After a dichotomous analysis of eosinophils based on cut-off values, we assessed their role in different outcomes. The results of the analysis showed that eosinophil counts was a significant risk factor for all the outcomes considered. Patients with carotid artery stenosis exhibiting a baseline eosinophil counts of 0.185*109/L had a higher incidence of MACCE. Furthermore, a previous 3-year operation history, previous history of stroke, total proteins, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and treated with a combination of CCBs and BBs were also significantly associated with the occurrence of MACCE.

GPP estimation based on CatBoost and analysis of change driving factors in Shanxi Province, China