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An initial comparative study on the antennal morphology of Zoraptera (Insecta) with special reference to the sensilla
Abstract Zoraptera represent one of the smallest and least-known insect orders. They live mainly in tropical and subtropical forests and have a cryptic lifestyle. To obtain a better understanding of the detailed antennal morphology and its potential use for taxonomic research in this group, for the first time we conducted a scanning electron microscopy study of the antennal sensilla of Zoraptera. We examined two species of Spiralizoros (Spiralizoridae) and a single species of Spermozoros (Zorotypidae). We identified 10 different sensilla structures belonging to five main types in Zoraptera. While Böhm sensilla, sensilla campaniformia, sensilla chaetica (subtypes C1–C2), sensilla trichodea, and sensilla basiconica (subtypes B1–B2) were present in all species, sensilla chaetica C3, sensilla basiconica B3 and sensilla styloconica were present only in Spermozoros. We discussed the possible functions of all observed sensilla based on their external morphology. Additionally, we preliminarily compared the variability of antennal sensilla between the families as well as two species of the same genus, and investigated the differences between both sexes as well as apterons and dealates of the same species. This study provides the first step toward future research on antennal morphology within Zoraptera and its significance for their systematics.
Intracellular doppler spectroscopy of live tissue sentinels for a fast in-vitro bacterial infection assay
Correlation between sunrise/sunset times and peak onset periods of primary intracerebral hemorrhage
Bi-directional associations between maternal and infant sleep, and maternal mental health from late pregnancy to 2 years postpartum
Atom bond connectivity index for graph with self-loops and its application to structure property relationships in anticancer drugs
Abstract Let $$G_S$$ be a graph derived from a simple graph G by adding a self-loop to each vertex in a subset $$S\subseteq V(G)$$ . In this paper, we define the atom bond connectivity index of the graph $$G_S$$ as $$ABC(G_S)$$ and the atom bond connectivity energy of $$G_S$$ as $$E_{ABC}(G_S)$$ . We obtained upper bounds for the ABC spectral radius of the graph $$G_S$$ as well as bounds for $$E_{ABC}(G_S)$$ and $$ABC(G_S)$$ in terms of m, n, $$\Delta$$ and $$\delta$$ . Additionally, we computed the ABC energy for complete graph, cocktail party graph and crown graph with self-loops. We also derived the characteristic polynomial of double star graph with self-loops. Furthermore, we explored the correlation between $$ABC(G_S)$$ and various physico-chemical properties, such as boiling point (BP) and molar refraction (MR). Furthermore, we established correlations between $$ABC(G_S)$$ and specific indices, specifically the Sombor index of a graph $$G_S$$ $$(SO(G_S))$$ , first Zagreb index of a graph $$G_S$$ $$(M_1(G_S))$$ , and Randic index of a graph $$G_S$$ $$(R(G_S))$$ .
Individual differences in auditory scene analysis abilities in music and speech
Abstract Auditory scene analysis (ASA) is the ability to organize complex auditory mixtures into meaningful events and streams and is fundamental for auditory perception of both music and speech. Individual differences in ASA are recognized in the literature, yet the factors driving this variability remain poorly understood. This study employs a novel music-based ASA task, the Musical Scene Analysis (MSA) test, alongside a speech-in-noise test, to examine the influence of hearing loss, age, working memory capacity (WMC), and musical training. Ninety-two participants were categorised into four groups: 31 older normal-hearing, 34 older hearing-impaired, 26 younger normal-hearing, and one younger hearing-impaired individual. Results reveal a moderate correlation between ASA performance in speech and music ( r = − .5), suggesting shared underlying perceptual processes, yet the factors influencing individual differences varied across domains. A dual modelling approach using ridge regression and gradient-boosted decision trees identified hearing loss as the strongest predictor of speech-based ASA, with a weaker effect of age, while musical training and WMC had no impact. In contrast, musical training showed a substantial effect on musical ASA, alongside moderate effects of hearing loss and age, while WMC exhibited only a marginal, non-robust effect. These findings highlight both shared and domain-specific factors influencing ASA abilities in music and speech.
Earliest evidence of Neanderthal multifunctional bone tool production from cave lion (Panthera spelaea) remains
Abstract Throughout history, humans have had a complex relationship with lions, both reverencing and fearing them. Interactions between Neanderthals and cave lions (Panthera spelaea) remain poorly documented due to the scarcity of direct evidence. This study examines the selective use of cave lion bones by Neanderthals to determine whether this behaviour was driven by practical, functional, or symbolic factors, through a detailed zooarchaeological analysis. Previous studies highlighted Neanderthals’ skinning and butchering of cave lions, yet new discoveries at Scladina Cave (Belgium) offer deeper insights into this relationship. Dated to the end of the Saalian, the faunal assemblage provides the earliest evidence of bone tools crafted from cave lion remains. A tibia was deliberately processed into multifunctional tools, initially serving as an intermediate tool before being repurposed as retouchers. Proteomic analysis applied on the remains, confirmed the specific identification. These findings reveal that Neanderthals not only competed with but actively utilized cave lions for practical purposes, indicating complex ecological and behavioral interactions. Relationships between pre-humans and large predators, rooted in the Middle Pleistocene, suggest a strategic exploitation of carnivore remains. However, opportunistic procurement cannot be entirely ruled out as a potential factor influencing animal choice in tool production. The intentional transformation of lion bones into functional tools highlights Neanderthals’ cognitive skills, adaptability, and capacity for resource utilization beyond their immediate survival needs.
Population ecology and herd dynamics of blue bull Boselaphus tragocamelus in forest and agrarian lands of district Ludhiana Punjab
Human health risk assessment of nitrate in repeatedly boiled water using Univariate regression and Monte Carlo simulation
Impact of wellbeing and healthcare resources on deceased liver donation in Mexico
A complex network perspective on spatiotemporal evolution of extreme precipitation over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river
Multi objective reinforcement learning driven task offloading algorithm for satellite edge computing networks
Abstract Satellite edge computing (SEC) has become a revolutionary paradigm to improve the quality of service, reduce the pressure on satellite-terrestrial backhaul bandwidth and reduce the average response delay of task requests. In this paper, we propose a task offloading algorithm based on K-D3QN to meet the rapidly growing demand of ground users. This algorithm improves the DQN algorithm by incorporating a satellite resource clustering module, a DDQN algorithm, and a competitive network mechanism module. The offloading decision-making process comprehensively considers three optimization objectives: task latency, resource utilization, and load-balancing degree, to achieve dynamic multi-objective optimization. Experimental results shown that the algorithm significantly reduces task latency, improves resource utilization and load-balancing degree.
Assessing the burden of dermatological diseases on work life from a gender perspective
Assessing psychological resilience and its influencing factors in the MSM population by machine learning
Using cocaine and apomorphine self-administration in rats to measure the pharmacokinetics of competitive dopamine receptor antagonists administered by different routes
Fabrication of magnetic manganese ferrite-loaded sugar cane bagasse/peanut peel biochar adsorbents for the adsorptive removal of phosphorus from aqueous solution
Abstract Adsorption has the potential to be a highly effective and selective method for recovering and adsorbing phosphate from wastewater and water, which can serve as secondary sources of phosphorus. The objectives of this study were to synthesize manganese ferrite (MF) nanoparticles which are fabricated and studied alone and loaded on sugar cane bagasse and peanut peels biochar (BC) adsorbents (Mn@Fe3O4@BC) by in-situ growth method, which in turn applied to evaluate their capabilities for phosphorus adsorption from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were conducted to determine the optimum adsorption conditions for different process parameters such as pH, adsorbent dose, and initial phosphorus concentration. The maximum phosphorous removal efficiency using MF, MFBCb, and MFBCp was obtained at adsorbent doses 0.2 and 0.3 g/L, and initial phosphorous concentrations of 20, 40, and 60 mg/L, respectively. The optimum retention time was obtained at 120 min for MF and MFBCb, and 150 min for MFBCp. The optimum rotation speed and temperature were 120 rpm and 25 °C for all adsorbents. The maximum removal efficiencies obtained are 98.5% and 99% for MF and MFBCs, respectively. Different characterization analyses; including SEM, EDX, and FTIR; were applied to investigate surface morphology, elemental composition, and chemical properties of the adsorbents before and after the adsorption process. Adsorption kinetics, isotherms, capacity, mechanisms, and thermodynamic studies were studied to evaluate the adsorption process. And finally, adsorbents were regenerated using their magnetic properties and a second successive adsorption cycle was evaluated showing promising results for MFBC adsorbents which can affect the expected costs of the adsorption process.