Browse Articles

An adaptive dynamics framework for microbial ecology and evolution

Abstract Adaptive dynamics describes a deterministic approximation of the evolution of scalar- and function-valued traits. We construct an evolutionary process for a game-theoretic model which may describe the evolution of microbes. In our analysis, we demonstrate the existence of solutions to the adaptive dynamics and determined their regularity. Moreover, we identify all stationary solutions and prove that these are precisely the Nash equilibria of the game theoretic model. Numerical examples are provided to highlight the main characteristics of the dynamics. The dynamics are unstable; non-stationary solutions oscillate and perturbations of the stationary solutions do not shrink. Instead, a linear type of branching may occur. This may explain the ever-increasing complexity in microbial biological systems and provide a mechanistic explanation for not only the tremendous biodiversity observed in microbe species but also for the extensive phenotypic variability within species.

Computational self-corrected quantitative 3D topographic imaging

Survival profiles and associated factors for overall and cancer specific survival in patients with chondroblast and fibroblastic osteosarcoma

Quality of basketballs of international level sports using an intelligent decision algorithm involving multiple experts

Novel single-cell preservation and RNA sequencing technology unlocks field studies for Plasmodium natural infections

Research on traffic state prediction method based on traffic flow prediction under multi-time granularity

Investigation into electro mechanical behaviour of MEMS wing shaped dielectric capacitive pressure sensor conforming to set boundary conditions and sizing tolerances

Abstract Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) based Capacitive Pressure Sensors (CPS) have shown their versatility and reliability in numerous applications. In this work, an innovative approach to optimize sensor performance through the integration of a novel wing-like mechanism is proposed. Unlike traditional CPS this mechanism employs two insulating layers attached to the upper layer of the substrate wing-like structure, which opens when pressure is applied, ultimately leading to the formation of a touch point. By decreasing the distance, the diaphragm must deflect before making contact, making it more responsive to applied pressure the sensor’s sensitivity is greatly increased. Key performance metrics including capacitance variations, capacitive sensitivity and the deflection of diaphragm using small deflection theory have been analytically evaluated. To verify the analytical calculations of capacitance, capacitive sensitivity, and mechanical sensitivity MATLAB is used, while COMSOL Multiphysics is utilized to validate the diaphragm’s deflection.

Author Correction: Detecting command injection attacks in web applications based on novel deep learning methods

Improvement of medical images with multi-objective genetic algorithm and adaptive morphological transformations

The interventional role and mechanism of total flavonoids in lychee seeds on rats with liver fibrosis

Machine learning identifies KRT8 dysregulation and endothelial remodeling in Moyamoya disease

White matter alterations in cluster headache identified using PSMD analysis

Identification and validation of MMP1 as a biomarker associated with mitochondrial oxidative stress in liver hepatocellular carcinoma

Construction cost prediction model for agricultural water conservancy engineering based on BIM and neural network

Development, verification, and comparison of a risk stratification model to identify potential population benefiting from chemotherapy in non-metastatic male breast cancer

Assessment of blood and urine total antioxidant and oxidative status in alcohol and acetone fatal poisonings

Abstract Heavy alcohol consumption is a common cause of fatal poisoning, unlike acetone poisoning, which is very rare. Although oxidative stress plays a crucial role in alcohol and acetone toxicity, no studies compare the total redox status in fatally poisoned individuals. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidative status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were examined in the blood and urine of patients fatally poisoned with ethanol (n = 21) and acetone (n = 21), along with healthy controls (n = 21). The TAC, TOS, and OSI concentrations were determined by means of colorimetric methods, and the statistical analysis was conducted through non-parametric tests. The blood TAC and TOS were significantly increased in the ethanol- and acetone-intoxicated cadavers as compared to the controls. The blood TAC levels above 55.12 nmol/mg of protein differentiate alcohol- and acetone-intoxicated subjects from the control group with a high sensitivity and specificity. The blood TAC was also positively correlated with the alcohol (r = 0.504), acetone (r = 0.476), and isopropanol blood levels (r = 0.514). However, the TAC, TOS, and OSI in the blood were poorly correlated with the corresponding urine concentrations. The urinary TAC in the ethanol-poisoned subjects was effectively enhanced in comparison to the control and acetone-poisoned subjects. The urinary TAC was also positively associated with the urine alcohol concentration (r = 0.413) and negatively correlated with the acetone (r = − 0.453) and isopropanol urine levels (r = − 0.36). Fatal alcohol and acetone intoxications disrupt the circulating redox status, favoring antioxidant reactions. Differences in the blood and urine redox homeostasis may be due to the organ toxicity of alcohol and acetone.

Cost-effectiveness of advanced hepatic fibrosis screening in individuals with suspected MASLD identified by serologic noninvasive tests

Development and evaluation of machine learning training strategies for neonatal mortality prediction using multicountry data

Quantum entanglement and extractable work for Gaussian states

Feather macrostructure is marginally correlated with temperature range but not urbanization across California

Abstract Urban environments are often associated with resource and environmental differences providing potential novel selection pressures compared to adjacent unmodified landscapes. While these characteristics (e.g., heat islands, reduced vegetation) can contribute to differences in certain behaviors, morphology, or physiological traits, there is mixed evidence on how and to what extent populations are responding. In this study, we compared the feather morphology of Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis) populations established across an urbanization gradient. We examined whether differential temperature regimes, related to urbanization, correspond with significant variations to the proportion of down. We sampled ventral and dorsal feathers from 256 individuals throughout central and southern California at varying degrees of urbanization. Dorsal feathers had a higher proportion of down compared to ventral feathers, but did not differ between populations. Urbanization did not significantly correlate with feather morphology. Ventral feathers had a greater proportion of down as the range of temperature increased, but this correlation was marginal. Our results show that despite urbanization altering fine-scale habitat conditions, these did not correspond with rapid feather morphological variations. Whether this is the case for other feather types or across species is still unknown but would provide insight into the complex effects of urbanization on wildlife biology.