Browse Articles
Discover research articles across all indexed journals
The role of novel photovoltaic materials in climate change mitigation based on numerical simulations
Physics-informed neural networks for robust equivalent damping parameter inversion and fault diagnosis in gas-insulated switchgear vibration systems
A single acute alcohol intoxication before fracture insult causes long-term elevated systemic RANKL and OPG levels in young adult mice
Abstract Binge drinking is the most common form of alcohol abuse and 25–40% of orthopedic trauma patients are intoxicated upon admission. While alcohol consumption prolongs the healing time of bone fractures, the underlying mechanisms by which alcohol leads to this fracture healing disorder remain unclear. 240 young adult and aged male C57BL/6J mice were examined. Half of the animals were acutely alcoholized two hours before surgery. The isolated fracture (Fx) group underwent an externally stabilized osteotomy and another group (THFx) an additional trauma hemorrhage (TH). The Sham group only received catheterization and fixation. Histological, radiological, biomechanical and systemic examinations were performed. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. After 3 weeks, acute alcoholization led to increased receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and RANKL/OPG ratio after fracture in young adult mice. In aged animals, this effect of alcohol was not present as values were already increased in the sober ones. More osteoblasts and macrophages were found in alcoholized young Fx animals. In conclusion, one-time binge drinking before trauma causes a long-term change in the RANKL/OPG ratio towards more RANKL in young adult mice.
An innovative in-body adjustable triple-band Notch UWB monopole antenna with improved bandwidth performance
Morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in response to salinity stress
Method development for correlating lipid molecular information with anatomy in C. elegans
Prediction of the corrosion rates of subsea pipelines via KPCA
Integrating radiomic texture analysis and deep learning for automated myocardial infarction detection in cine-MRI
Graph-based vision transformer with sparsity for training on small datasets from scratch
Abstract Vision Transformers (ViTs) have achieved impressive results in large-scale image classification. However, when training from scratch on small datasets, there is still a significant performance gap between ViTs and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), which is attributed to the lack of inductive bias. To address this issue, we propose a Graph-based Vision Transformer (GvT) that utilizes graph convolutional projection and graph-pooling. In each block, queries and keys are calculated through graph convolutional projection based on the spatial adjacency matrix, while dot-product attention is used in another graph convolution to generate values. When using more attention heads, the queries and keys become lower-dimensional, making their dot product an uninformative matching function. To overcome this low-rank bottleneck in attention heads, we employ talking-heads technology based on bilinear pooled features and sparse selection of attention tensors. This allows interaction among filtered attention scores and enables each attention mechanism to depend on all queries and keys. Additionally, we apply graph-pooling between two intermediate blocks to reduce the number of tokens and aggregate semantic information more effectively. Our experimental results show that GvT produces comparable or superior outcomes to deep convolutional networks and surpasses vision transformers without pre-training on large datasets.
Machine learning-assisted early detection of keratoconus: a comparative analysis of corneal topography and biomechanical data
Lignin-based nanoencapsulation for sustainable herbicide delivery: controlled release and bioactivity of 2,4-D and MCPA compared to commercial formulations
Longer wavelengths in sunlight pass through the human body and have a systemic impact which improves vision
Abstract Long wavelength red light that can extend beyond the human visual range penetrates deeply through biological tissue. Exposure to these longer wavelengths improves mitochondrial function and ATP production. This can translate to improved physiological performance, particularly in the CNS, including the visual system. Light driven metabolic improvements to regional exposure can impact systemically. Here we show that infrared wavelengths from sunlight can be measured after they pass through the human thorax. We then select a prominent transmitted solar wavelength range (830–860 nm) and deliver this to the thorax of subjects in the lab in controlled 15 min exposures with and without ocular involvement. Clothing reduced wavelength intensity but was not a barrier. These exposures were associated with significantly improved visual function when measured 24 h later even in subjects in which light was blocked from the eyes. Our data show that longer wavelengths of sunlight penetrate through the human body and, consistent with animal studies, have the ability to improve function. While infrared light has been used on targeted tissues, its ability to improve distal tissues in humans has not been explored. This study also highlights the potentially important therapeutic value of sunlight whose longer wavelengths can reach key organs even through clothing and likely promote mitochondrial function counteracting the decline with age and disease.
Preparation and characterization of bio-waste derived chitosan/hydroxyapatite/pectin green biocomposite
Contemporary outcomes in no-option chronic limb-threatening ischemia
Patterns of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in Kheramah PERSION cohort population using a latent class analysis
Depression as a mediator between socioeconomic status and risk of All-Cause and cardiovascular mortality in diabetes and prediabetes
Enhancing tunnel sprayer performance through optimization of constructional parameters
The effect of fruit pomace addition on the color, texture and sensory properties of gluten-free bread
Abstract The aim of the study was to assess the effect of adding convectively dried and freeze dried raspberry and chokeberry pomace on the color (CIELab color space), texture (TPA test) and sensory evaluation (5-point scale) of gluten-free bread. Only in the case of bread with 10% addition of convectively dried chokeberry pomace, no statistically significant changes in color parameters were noted after baking and after 24 h. The highest increase in the lightness value (L*) (by 10.38%) was noted for gluten-free bread with 10% addition of freeze dried raspberry pomace, while the lowest (by 1.70%) was noted for bread with 5% addition of freeze dried raspberry pomace. In the case of enrichment of bread with chokeberry pomace, the highest increase in value (by 27.09%) was noted for bread with 10% addition of freeze dried chokeberry pomace, and the lowest (by 4.33%) for the control bread. The addition of raspberry pomace had no significant effect on the hardness and elasticity of the bread, but significantly reduced the cohesiveness of the crumb. The highest increase in hardness, by 95.9% compared to fresh bread, was observed for sample bread with 10% convection dried raspberry pomace addition (10CD_R). The introduction of raspberry pomace to the recipe did not significantly affect the chewiness of the bread, except for the sample with 10% addition of freeze dried pomace. In most cases, no significant increase in the chewiness of bread stored for 24 h was observed compared to fresh bread. In the case of chokeberry pomace, its addition did not cause significant changes in the elasticity and cohesiveness of the crumb, but a decrease in hardness and chewiness was noted. In the sensory assessment, the most tasty bread was considered to be the one with 10% addition of freeze dried raspberry pomace, while the least tasty bread was considered to be the one without raspberry and chokeberry pomace. The highest average of all parameter ratings was obtained by bread samples with a 5% addition of convection dried chokeberry pomace (5CD_C) (3.68).Gluten-free breads containing chokeberry and raspberry pomace could be implemented in bakery production, as they are accepted by consumers, but it is advisable to conduct further research on extending their shelf life.
Deep-tissue two-photon brain imaging enabled by a tunable fiber-optic dispersive wave generator
Abstract Here, we present a fiber-optic dispersive wave generator for highly-efficient, wavelength-tunable ultrashort pulse generation, enabling multicolor deep-tissue two-photon imaging of neuronal and vascular structures in fixed, labeled mouse brain. Guided by comprehensive numerical simulations, a compact Yb: fiber laser-driven system is constructed that utilizes precisely parameter- and phase-matching-controlled dispersive wave generation in a photonic crystal fiber. The system delivers sub-100 fs pulses with over ~ 6.7 nJ of energy across a continuously tunable spectral range of 880–950 nm, achieving a record-high optical conversion efficiency of up to 65%. Optimizing the output for two-photon excitation of enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein and SYTOX Orange enables high-resolution structural imaging in mouse hippocampus and cerebellum at depths exceeding 450 μm. This technique for wavelength-tunable, high-energy and ultrashort pulse generation with record optical efficiency represents a significant advancement in ultrafast fiber laser technology for versatile biomedical two-photon imaging applications.