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Latent profile analysis of clinical nurses’ reflective ability in relation to dual work stress
Objective The aim of this study is to identify the latent profiles of reflective ability in clinical nurses and examine their association with dual work stress. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using convenience sampling between October 2023 and January 2024. Clinical nurses from three tertiary general hospitals in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, were recruited for the study. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Clinical Nurses’ Reflective Capacity Scale, and the Dual Work Stress Scale. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify distinct reflective capacity profiles. Univariate analysis and logistic regression were employed to examine influencing factors. Results A total of 843 nurses participated in the study, with a mean reflective capacity score of 56.15 ± 19.39. Four latent profiles were identified: Low-Level Negative Type (65.0%), High-Recall Insightful Type (7.0%), Low-Recall Introspective Type (4.0%), and High-Level Balanced Type (24.0%). Logistic regression analysis showed that challenge stress, hindrance stress, gender, professional title, participation in reflection training, the habit of keeping a reflective journal, and job satisfaction were significant factors influencing the latent profiles of reflective capacity (P < 0.05). Conclusion Reflective capacity among clinical nurses exhibits heterogeneity, with four distinct latent profiles identified. Nursing managers should tailor interventions based on the influencing factors of different profiles to enhance reflective capacity in clinical nurses.
A mouse brain stereotaxic topographic atlas with isotropic 1-μm resolution
Abstract Multi-omics studies, represented by connectomes and spatial transcriptomes, have entered the era of single-cell resolution, necessitating a reference brain atlas with spatial localization capability at the single-cell level1–4. However, such atlases are unavailable5. Here we present a whole mouse brain dataset of Nissl-based cytoarchitecture with isotropic 1-μm resolution, achieved through continuous micro-optical sectioning tomography. By integrating multi-modal images, we constructed a three-dimensional reference atlas of the mouse brain, providing the three-dimensional topographies of 916 structures and enabling arbitrary-angle slice image generation at 1-μm resolution. We developed an informatics-based platform for visualizing and sharing of the atlas images, offering services such as brain slice registration, neuronal circuit mapping and intelligent stereotaxic surgery planning. This atlas is interoperable with widely used stereotaxic atlases, supporting cross-atlas navigation of corresponding coronal planes in two dimensions and spatial mapping across atlas spaces in three dimensions. By facilitating the data analysis and visualization for large brain mapping projects, our atlas promises to be a versatile brainsmatics tool for studying the whole brain at single-cell level.
Exogenous application of hormones and chemicals to mitigate heat stress in strawberry under tropical summer conditions
Resilience of Strawberries in tropical and subtropical climates, including Bangladesh, faces severe challenges due to rising summer temperatures and sporadic heatwaves exacerbated by climate change. The experiment evaluated the physiological and biochemical responses of three Strawberry genotypes of which G1 (RABI-3) was heat tolerant and G2 (BARI Strawberry-2) and G3 (BARI Strawberry-3) were heat susceptible and assessed the effectiveness of five exogenous substances like 5% Molasses (T1), 10 ppm Melatonin (T2), 5% Kaolin (T3), 10 mM CaCl2 (T4) and 5 ppm Abscisic acid (T5) in mitigating heat induced damage. The experiment was conducted in pots under field conditions following CRD (Completely Randomized Design) set was repeated thrice. Exogenous treatments were applied as foliar spray at five days intervals for three months in comparison to the control. The hourly temperature and relative humidity (%RH) data was recorded using digital data logger. Leaf fluorescence parameters, temperature differentials, photosystem II efficiency and leaf attributes such as thickness and greenness were analyzed. The plant data was recorded three time viz. at the end of March, at the end of April and at the end of May using a handheld fluorometer (Multispeq V.02). The result showed that the heat tolerant genotype (G1) consistently maintained higher photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll content, while the susceptible genotype (G3) showed significant improvement under treatments. All the exogenous substances possess the ability to help the plant to mitigate the effects of heat stress and support photosynthetic activity. The organic spray like kaolin and molasses effectively reduced internal leaf temperature by developing surface coating, while ABA enhanced internal physiological regulation. The results suggest that the integration of heat tolerant genotypes with suitable treatments can enhance Strawberry resilience to heat stress, which provides a practical alternative for sustainable Strawberry cultivation in tropical regions.
Association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and bruxism: A systematic review protocol
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the primary symptoms of inattention, disorganization, and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. Bruxism is a repetitive activity of the chewing muscles characterized by clenching and grinding of the teeth and forceful mandibular movements. Various physiological and psychosocial factors, including attention deficit, depression, stress, and anxiety, have been associated with bruxism. The aim of this systematic review protocol is facilitating the understanding of the systematic review methods and promote transparency in the research. The systematic review will investigate whether there is evidence regarding the association between ADHD and bruxism. The search will be conducted on six databases. Gray literature will be explored through Google Scholar and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. Lists of references of included studies and experts in the field will be consulted. Observational studies that present data comparing a group of individuals with ADHD and a group of individuals without ADHD as well as an analysis of the presence of bruxism will be included. Included studies can detect bruxism based only on a positive self-report (or parental report), clinical inspection, or instrumental assessment. The selection of studies will occur in two phases by two authors. The risk of bias in the included studies will be assessed using JBI tools. A narrative synthesis will be performed. If feasible, a quantitative synthesis will be carried out through pairwise meta-analysis. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals will be calculated using the random effects model. This protocol is characterized by its rigorous methodology, which involves an exhaustive search across six databases, as well as gray literature sources, reference lists, and expert consultation, thereby augmenting the comprehensiveness and reliability of the findings. This protocol was registered in PROSPERO under the number CRD42024538099.
Retraction: Research on risk identification of manufacturing enterprises’ Internet strategic transformation
Explainable AI to unveil cellular autophagy dynamics
Autophagy is a fundamental intracellular renovation process vital for maintaining cellular homeostasis through the degradation and recycling of damaged components. It is implicated in numerous pathological conditions, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. However, its dynamic nature and complexity pose challenges for manual analysis. In this study, we present a computational pipeline that leverages advanced deep learning models to automate the analysis of autophagic processes in 6,240 fluorescence microscopy images from the CELLULAR dataset. Our framework integrates object detection, cell segmentation, classification by autophagic state, cellular tracking, and explainability methods for interpretability. We achieved optimal results using YOLOv8 for object detection with a mAP50 of 0.80, U-Net++ for segmentation with an IoU of 0.82, and a vision transformer for classification with an accuracy of 0.86. To track cells, we developed a custom algorithm capable of handling complex scenarios such as cell division and morphological changes, all without requiring annotated tracking data. To enhance transparency, we employed explainability techniques based on class activation mappings to analyze model decision-making processes and validate classification outcomes, complemented by t-SNE visualizations for deeper insights into the data. Collaboration with biology experts validated our findings, highlighting the pipeline’s potential to advance autophagy research. This study demonstrates the potential of deep learning and explainable AI to streamline biomedical research, reduce manual effort, and uncover key autophagy dynamics.
Physical harms in colorectal cancer screening: An overview of the reporting in systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials
Objective To assess the comprehensiveness of the reporting of physical harms in colorectal cancer screening programmes (CRCSPs) in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews (SRs). Design We conducted an overview of reviews, comparing the comprehensiveness of reporting of harms in SRs and RCTs with a recent SR conducted according to the PRISMA-harms extension, identifying 17 types of physical harm potentially resulting from CRCSPs. Main outcome measures Proportion of the 17 types of physical harm reported per study (study coverage), across studies (outcome coverage) and the level of harm severity reported in RCTs and SRs. Results We identified 24 RCTs and 16 SRs investigating physical harms related to CRCSPs. The median study coverage was 4 and 3 out of the 17 types of harm, varying from 5.9–47.1% and 5.9–52.9% types of physical harm reported in RCTs and SRs, respectively. The median outcome coverage was 4 and 3 across RCTs and SRs, varying from 0–66.7% and 0–87.5% in RCTs and SRs, respectively. Of note, 4 types of harm were not reported in any of the identified SRs. Inconsistent definitions of harm in RCTs and SRs made it difficult to assess which levels of severity of harm that were reported in studies. Discussion Poor reporting of harms in RCTs was compounded in SRs. We found poor study and outcome coverage and considerable inconsistencies concerning how physical harms were defined in RCTs and SRs. The inconsistent reporting of harms may result in an underestimation of their magnitude in relation to CRCSPs, raising concerns about our current capacity to evaluate the safety of these programmes. Adequate use of existing guidelines for harm reporting in RCTs and SRs and international consensus on how best to define and measure harms in studies of CRCSPs is warranted.
From self-interest to collective action: The role of defaults in governing common resources
Managing shared resources requires balancing personal profit and sustainability. This paper reports on a behavioural experiment testing how extraction defaults—either pro-social or exploitative—impact resource extraction in a common pool resource dilemma (CPRD). We find that an exploitative default increases average extraction compared to a control without a default, while a pro-social default temporarily reduces extraction. The effects of both defaults are temporary, and extraction levels converge to those in the control group, with the pro-social default fading faster. Notably, the influence of defaults depended on individual inclinations, with cooperative individuals extracting more under an exploitative default, and selfish individuals less under a pro-social default. Our findings suggest that while defaults can promote short-term sustainability, their long-term effects are limited, and their effectiveness depends on individual traits.
The End of Days
Top-down norms and psychological empowerment: Explaining Chinese public acceptance of autonomous driving
This study explains Chinese public acceptance of autonomous driving (n = 412) through subjective norms, personal norms, and psychological empowerment (cognitive, emotional, behavioral). Using covariance-based SEM with bootstrapped mediation, we find behavioral empowerment has the strongest direct effect on acceptance (≈2 × cognitive; ≈ 3.2 × emotional). All three empowerment dimensions partially mediate both subjective- and personal-norm paths, with behavioral mediation (≈46–50%) dominating. Importance–Performance Analysis highlights behavioral empowerment as high-importance/high-performance, while cognitive empowerment shows headroom for improvement. A Bayesian network confirms predictive validity with low overall error. Findings suggest design and policy should primarily strengthen users’ behavioral empowerment (capability, controllability, tangible benefits), while complementing cognitive and emotional pathways. We also discuss China-specific “top-down” cultural mechanisms that amplify subjective norms and outline implications for cross-cultural generalization.
Expanding the Role of Myosin Inhibition in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy — A Tale of Two Conditions
Spatiotemporal disparity of breast cancer incidence in Iranian female populations at the district level from 2000 to 2021: Bayesian disease mapping
Introduction While trends in breast cancer incidence in Iran are generally monitored at the national level, little is known about subnational variations in these trends. This study aimed to assess the levels and trends (2000–2021) of the relative risk (RR) of breast cancer incidence at the district level in Iran and its relation to key socioeconomic dimensions to understand the full extent of geographical and social inequalities in the country associated with breast cancer morbidity. Methods District-level incidence data by age and sex from the National Cancer Registry System of the Iranian Ministry of Health were used. Related covariates were extracted from the Census and Household Expenditure and Income Survey (HEIS) datasets. The RR of breast cancer incidence was estimated in women above the age of 30 for all 316 districts in Iran from 2000 to 2010 using a Bayesian spatiotemporal model. Finally, predictions were estimated for the period 2011–2021. Results The national RR of breast cancer incidence in Iran increased from 0.21 (95% credible interval (CrI): 0.19, 0.22) in 2000 to 0.66 (0.63, 0.68) in 2010 and 1.23 (1.18, 1.28) in 2021. The RR of breast cancer incidence was highest in Yazd (1.96 [1.63, 2.33]), Shiraz (1.90 [1.72, 2.09]) and Shemiranat (1.90 [1.12, 2.91]) in 2010 and in Tehran (3.99 [3.86, 4.33]), Bushehr (3.89 [3.07, 4.77]) and Abadan (3.67 [2.99, 4.39]) in 2021. In contrast, Savojbolagh, Saravan and Nikshahr had the lowest RRs in both 2010 (0.11 [0.05, 0.20], 0.17 [0.08, 0.30] and 0.20 [0.09, 0.36], respectively) and 2021 (0.19 [0.10, 0.33], 0.34 [0.18, 0.54] and 0.35 [0.17, 0.62], respectively). The RR of breast cancer incidence was 60% greater across districts in the highest YOS quintile (average years of schooling: 3.9) than in those in the lowest YOS quintile (average years of schooling: 2.2; relative index of inequality: 1.6). Conclusions The results show that the RR of breast cancer incidence has increased over time (2000–2021) at the national and subnational levels in Iran. Breast cancer is one of the few diseases with a positive education gradient, with a greater RR of breast cancer incidence among higher-educated women than among lower-educated women. However, this is likely due to better awareness of diagnostic approaches and access to those approaches rather than reflecting patterns in the true incidence of breast cancer. While social inequalities are a major barrier to reducing the prevalence and incidence of breast cancer, it is important to track the progress made at the district level based on the characteristics of specific policies aimed at reducing health inequalities. A scaling-up in the quality of healthcare services, national and subnational policies addressing prevention and treatment, and more specialised training programmes for women’s health are needed.
Pityriasis Rosea
Optimizing canine T cell activation, expansion, and transduction
Dogs are becoming an important model for human cancers, and successfully troubleshooting issues with genetically modified T cell immunotherapy for round cell and solid neoplasms in dogs provides a unique opportunity to improve efficacy, safety, and affordability for humans as well. Unfortunately, T cell activation in dogs for optimal viral transduction has not been determined, restricting advancements in canine T cell immunotherapy. Two αCD3 and two αCD28 antibody clones for canine T cell stimulation have been described in the literature, but no studies have been undertaken to evaluate which αCD3/αCD28 combination is most effective, nor has anyone directly compared the efficacy of the two most popular antibody presentation strategies: antibody-coated plates and antibody-conjugated beads. In evaluating the effects of plate- or bead-bound αCD3 stimulation alone versus αCD3/αCD28 in combination, we tested 12 possible antibody stimulation strategies in addition to evaluating two largely unexplored mitogens in canine T cell transduction, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) with ionomycin and concanavalin A (ConA). We investigated the impact of these stimulation strategies on canine T cell activation, expansion, and transduction. For stimulation strategies producing the best results, we also examined how each strategy affected the proportions of CD4/CD8 T cell subsets and regulatory T cell (T reg ) prevalence. We determined that, in general, plate-bound antibodies were far superior to bead-bound antibodies for canine T cell stimulation, and that plate-bound αCD3 clone CA17.6F9 in combination with αCD28 clone 5B8 or the mitogen PMA with ionomycin produced better activation and expansion profiles, better transduction, and more desirable T cell subsets that are more likely to improve patient outcomes in dogs suffering from round cell and solid tumors.