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Vibrationally-dependent molecular dynamics in mutual neutralisation reactions of molecular oxygen ions
Abstract Product distributions and dynamics of low-collision-energy mutual neutralisation reactions involving even simple molecular ions are largely unknown. Reactions which involve oxygen ions, e.g., $${{{\rm{O}}}}_{2}^{+}$$ O 2 + with O − , are expected to be important in atmospheric phenomena such as sprites and in high-pressure air or oxygen discharges. Here we show, by combining cryogenically stored-and-merged ion beams with coincident product-imaging techniques, that the $${{{\rm{O}}}}_{2}^{+}$$ O 2 + with O − mutual neutralisation reaction results predominantly in dissociation of the $${{{\rm{O}}}}_{2}^{+}$$ O 2 + molecule. Three competing reaction pathways yields both O( 3 P) (84%) and O( 1 D) (16%) products, but no O( 1 S) products. Analysis of the momentum-correlated dynamics of the reaction reveals the dominance of two-step mechanisms involving the 3p λ u and 3s σ g Rydberg states of O 2 . Furthermore, use of the 16,18 $${{{\rm{O}}}}_{2}^{+}$$ O 2 + isotopologue shows that the reaction products strongly depend on the vibrational levels of the $${{{\rm{O}}}}_{2}^{+}$$ O 2 + ion for the channel leading to two O( 1 D) products.
LncRNA HOXA11-AS promotes the cell proliferation, migration, invasion and inhibits cell apoptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Ocular delivery of lipid nanoparticles-formulated mRNA encoding lanosterol synthase ameliorates cataract in rats
Abstract Cataract caused by crystallin aggregation is the leading cause of vision impairment and blindness globally. The only available treatment option so far is surgery. In this study, we leverage lipid nanoparticles (LNPs)-formulated mRNA encoding human lanosterol synthase (hLSS) to elevate lanosterol levels in the lens as a potential anti-cataract therapy. hLSS mRNA delivered with aromatized LNPs can be avidly taken up and translated into hLSS proteins in mammalian cells. mRNA formulations administered via intravitreal, subconjunctival, intracameral, or subretinal injection in rats display distinct kinetics and bio-distribution profiles, among which intracameral injection achieves sustained and selective protein expression in the lens. In comparison to clinically used LNPs, aromatized LNPs show more than seven-fold higher mRNA delivery potency in rats upon intracameral injection, without inducing significant ocular lesions. Furthermore, ocular delivery of hLSS mRNA-loaded formulations leads to elevated levels of hLSS proteins and lanosterol within the lens and a remarkable improvement in cataract symptoms in two rat models of cataract. Collectively, topical delivery of hLSS mRNA-LNPs to the eyes offers a potential strategy to reduce intracellular aggregation of crystallins and ameliorate cataract development.
The epidemiology and socioeconomic associates of adverse effects of medical treatment in the Eastern Mediterranean Region from 1990 to 2021
Abstract Concerns about the adverse effects of medical treatment (AEMT) are increasing along with the global use of medical treatments. However, comprehensive information regarding the epidemiology of AEMT in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is lacking. This study assessed the burden of AEMT in the EMR from 1990 to 2021 by age, sex, and socio-demographic index (SDI). Data on the prevalence, incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of AEMT in the EMR was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study. Counts, age-standardized rates, percent changes in the rates, and 95% uncertainty intervals were reported. In the EMR, the burden of AEMT declined over the past three decades, with notable variation across countries and population groups. In 2021, females experienced a higher burden than males in most EMR countries and at the regional level. The highest DALY and death rates occurred in early childhood and among the elderly. Countries with a high SDI tended to have higher incidence rates, whereas those with a lower SDI experienced higher DALY rates. The epidemiology of AEMT exhibited considerable variation based on age, sex, and socioeconomic status in the EMR, highlighting the need for context-specific patient safety initiatives and medical error prevention programs across the region.
VTA monosynaptic connections by local glutamate and GABA neurons and their distinct roles in behavior
Abstract The ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons have been implicated in diverse behaviors. These VTAdopamine neurons are intermixed with neurons that co-transmit glutamate and GABA (VTAglutamate-GABA), transmit glutamate (VTAglutamate-only) or GABA (VTAGABA-only). In dual recombinase vglut2-Cre/vgat-Flp transgenic mice, we combined quantitative ultrastructural analysis with 3D correlative light and electron microscopy and found that VTAglutamate-only neurons frequently established synapses on VTAdopamine and VTAglutamate-only neurons, and that VTAGABA-only neurons mostly synapsed on VTAdopamine neurons. By selective targeting of VTA subpopulations of neurons, we demonstrated that activation of VTAglutamate-only neurons is rewarding and decreases feeding behavior, while activation of VTAGABA-only neurons is aversive. We found that activation of VTAglutamate-only or VTAGABA-only neurons negatively affected learning to obtain food reward, and impaired cue-induced reinstatement of food-seeking behavior. Collectively, we demonstrated the monosynaptic properties of an unexpected VTA microcircuitry in which distinct neuronal components integrate information related to reward, aversion, and feeding.
Road cycling causes more serious injuries than mountain biking
A multifaceted hybrid ES-robotic device for gait training in individuals with neurological disorders
Correction: PDE4B promotes ferroptosis in nucleus pulposus cells and is involved in intervertebral disc degeneration
Hybrid 3D printing of bio-inspired artificial slowly adapting type II afferents
Synergistic effect of fermented raspberry juice and high hydrostatic pressure along with coconut sap in chitosan coating for barramundi preservation
Sustainable eco-friendly printing of high-performance large-area organic photovoltaics via enhanced Laplace pressure gradient
Influence of seam spacing and lateral pressure on deviatoric loading of the withdrawal roadway surrounding rock under the goaf
Gtf2i-encoded transcription factor Tfii-i regulates myelination via Sox10 and Mbp regulatory elements
Abstract The transcriptional regulatory network governing the differentiation and functionality of oligodendrocytes (OLs) is essential for the formation and maintenance of the myelin sheath, and hence for the proper function of the nervous system. Perturbations in the intricate interplay of transcriptional effectors within this network can lead to a variety of nervous system pathologies. In this study, we identify Gtf2i-encoded general transcription factor II-I (Tfii-i) as a regulator of key myelination-related genes. Gtf2i deletion from myelinating glial cells in male mice leads to functional alterations in central nervous system (CNS) myelin, including elevated mRNA and protein expression levels of myelin basic protein (Mbp), the central myelin component, enhanced connectivity properties, and thicker myelin wrapping axons with increased diameters. These changes resulted in faster axonal conduction across the corpus callosum (CC), and improved motor coordination. Furthermore, we show that in mature OLs (mOLs), Tfii-i directly binds to regulatory elements of Sox10 and Mbp. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), Gtf2i deletion from Schwann cells (SCs) leads to hypermyelination of the tibial branch of the sciatic nerve (SN). These findings add to our understanding of myelination regulation and specifically elucidate a cell-autonomous mechanism for Tfii-i in myelinating glia transcriptional network.