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Evaluation of disinfection methods for parasite eggs in fermented liquid bio-fertilizer
The impact of pH on proteolytic activity in wound fluid: Implications for acid therapy
Steam activated hydrochar from wine waste for the removal of pharmaceutical micropollutants from water
Fertility counseling for reproductive‐age women with cancer should address gestational carriers
A biosynthetic pathway for ornithine lipid formation dependent on a GH3 (Gretchen Hagen 3)-like enzyme in planctomycetes
Evaluation of antimicrobial potential of free gallic acid and its polyvinyl-based nano-formulation
Abstract This study explores the antimicrobial potential of gallic acid (GA) and gallic acid loaded with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocarriers as a good source of phenolic acids against various gram-positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans and gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi, as well as a fungal species (Candida albicans). Prior to evaluating their antimicrobial activity, the physical characterization of the GA-PVA-NPs was carried out using different techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). TEM imaging revealed nanoparticles with a uniform size and morphology, while DLS analysis confirmed the presence of nanoparticles with an average size of 128.1 ± 31.9 nm, indicating their potential for improved interaction with microbial cells. It is well established that nanoparticles around 100–150 nm can more easily penetrate bacterial cell walls, leading to membrane damage, oxidative stress through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and disruption of vital cellular functions such as protein synthesis and DNA replication. These size-dependent mechanisms play a key role in enhancing the antimicrobial properties of nanoparticles. Following characterization, antimicrobial activity was assessed using the well diffusion technique and microplate reader assay. The microplate reader assay provided quantitative data, showing that gallic acid exhibited the highest inhibition against S. aureus (97.77%) and S. typhi (88.22%), while GA-PVA-NPs also demonstrated significant antimicrobial effects. The well diffusion technique confirmed these results, with inhibition zones ranging from 17.33 mm to 33.00 mm. The reduced effectiveness of the nanoparticles at lower concentrations may not necessarily undermine their potential, as the increased stability and controlled release properties of nanoparticles could provide long-term antimicrobial action that is beneficial for specific applications. These findings suggest that GA-PVA-NPs have significant potential as antimicrobial agents. Future studies will focus on investigating the stability and mode of action of these nanoparticles and exploring their application in food packaging for antimicrobial purposes, emphasizing their safety, effectiveness, and potential to extend shelf life.
Regorafenib as maintenance therapy showed significant delayed progression of non‐adipocytic soft tissue sarcomas
Detoxification of deoxynivalenol by pathogen-inducible tau-class glutathione transferases from wheat
Sex-specific resource strategies mediate home range sizes of an endangered carnivore across multiple scales
Binding of a [2Fe–2S] cluster drives dimerization of ferric uptake regulator (Fur) in Escherichia coli
The relationship between adverse childhood experiences and resilience among college students in Saudi arabia: a cross-sectional study
Withdrawal: Methylosome protein 50 and PKCδ/p38δ protein signaling control keratinocyte proliferation via opposing effects on p21Cip1 gene expression
Drought, grazing, and nitrogen input influence nutrient supply and soil faunal activity in a semi-arid savannah grassland
Withdrawal: Protein Kinase C (PKC) δ suppresses keratinocyte proliferation by increasing p21Cip1 level by a KLF4 transcription factor-dependent mechanism
Soil quality and microbial diversity across organic and conventional coffee in central Western Ghats India
Structure of the human nonmuscle myosin 2A motor domain: Insights into isoform-specific mechanochemistry
Towards a remote sensing-based assessment of carbon emissions from peatlands
Abstract Among greenhouse gases-generating sources, biosphere sources from natural carbon (C) reservoirs play a significant role. A vital component of the biosphere is peatlands—the largest natural terrestrial carbon storage on the earth. Peatlands function as both C sink and C source, showing their pivot role in mitigating GHGs. Releasing C results from peat oxidation—the decomposition of organic matter in the peat. This decomposition reduces the volume of peat and, hence, causes subsidence. This study introduces an exclusive remote-sensing-based framework for estimating carbon emissions from peatlands using subsidence rates. This framework integrates peat properties—bulk density and soil organic carbon—with the oxidated peat subsidence, which refers to the proportion of subsidence attributed to the oxidation process rather than shrinkage. Achieving a fully remote-sensing-based approach promises time-effective, cost-effective, and consistent C emission monitoring even in unreachable places in peatlands, addressing the critical need for global climate change mitigation strategies. However, this achievement requires collaborative efforts among researchers to implement it in other sites to improve dataset accuracy for each parameter. By improving this framework, the scientific community can pave the way for robust, large-scale assessments of peatland C emission.