Browse Articles

Roles of Three Conserved Active Site Residues of Cytochrome <i>c</i> Nitrite Reductases During the Early Steps of Nitrite Reduction

An attack detection method based on deep learning for internet of things

User preferences in multi-objective routes: The role of gradient visualization and personality measures

Traditional pedestrian navigation systems typically prioritize the shortest or fastest routes. However, modern urban environments require multi-objective navigation that incorporates factors such as route gradient, familiarity, and individual preferences. This study investigates how presenting gradient information–either in numeric or graphical formats–affects pedestrian route choices, and how individual psychological traits, particularly the Big Five and Sensation Seeking dimensions, influence these decisions. We conducted an online survey with 91 valid participants (from an initial pool of 315), each randomly assigned to one of three groups: Control (no gradient shown), Numeric (textual gradient), or Graphical (altitude charts). Participants selected their preferred route from six route pairs, each differing in slope and distance. These pairs were generated using a multi-objective planning algorithm that optimizes both attributes. Our findings reveal three key insights. First, numeric gradient presentation led to a modest shift away from shortest-route selections (mean: 3.89 versus 4.29 in the control group), particularly for longer cases. Second, graphical gradient representations did not significantly improve decision-making over numeric formats. Third, participants with higher Sensation Seeking scores showed a significantly stronger preference for longer but gentler routes (p &lt; 0.01). These results highlight the role of individual tendencies in route selection, suggesting that personalized navigation systems could be improved by incorporating user-specific psychological profiles.

Highly Conjugated Porphyrin Arrays Enable Optical Resolution of Ferromagnetic and Antiferromagnetic Aligned States of the Triplet Exciton and an Incorporated Stable Radical

Parvovirus B19 NS1 protein induces synovitis mimicking rheumatoid arthritis

Examination of the spatial-temporal variations in terrestrial water reserves and green efficiency of water resources in China’s three northeastern provinces

Using technological advancements and analyzing urban water consumption patterns, this article employs GRACE satellite data and statistical records to conduct a comprehensive assessment and evaluation of water resource utilization efficiency across 34 prefecture-level cities in China’s three northeastern provinces—Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang—over the period spanning from 2003 to 2020. By utilizing the sophisticated Super-SBM model, the study delves into the spatial and temporal variations in terrestrial water reserves and green water usage efficiency. Additionally, the Tobit model is introduced to investigate the influencing factors of water resource utilization efficiency. The primary findings of the study are outlined below: The spatial distribution of terrestrial water resources in the three northeastern provinces reveals a clear north-south gradient, with abundant resources in the northern regions and scarcity in the southern parts. Seasonal fluctuations, albeit present, are relatively modest, with higher water storage levels typically observed in spring and summer, and lower levels in autumn and winter. Regarding the static water use efficiency among the 34 prefecture-level cities, Panjin stands out with the highest efficiency, whereas Qiqihar ranks lowest. Notably, 91.18% of the cities exhibit medium to high efficiency levels, reflecting commendable performance in water utilization throughout the region. Almost half of the cities have experienced an improvement in their water use efficiency compared to the previous year, signaling a gradual enhancement in water utilization capabilities. The average total factor productivity across the three northeastern provinces stands at 1.012, representing an annual growth rate of 1.2%. The efficiency of water resource utilization in these provinces is intricately linked to the technological progress index. To enhance water resource utilization efficiency, it is imperative to introduce advanced technologies, increase research investments, and foster technological advancements.

Mono or Di? A Potential-Controlled Electrochemical Halogenation of Anilines

Binomial order is a speech marker of psychosis and thought disorder

Analysis of multipath effects in global trade networks based on multimodal, high dimensional, heterogeneous transformer architecture: Deconstruction of nonlinear cascade and dynamic chain reaction

This paper proposes a multi-path effect analysis model for major economies in the global trade network based on the MH-DP Transformer architecture. The global trade network comprises interconnected nodes, with interactions among major economies (China, the US, Japan, and Europe) being crucial. A trade network model with four regional nodes and their connections is established to simulate trade flow propagation and capture the nonlinear feedback mechanism through an iterative process. The experimental results demonstrate that trade volume changes exhibit significant nonlinear trends, and mutual influences between economies produce strong cascading effects. For instance, China experiences significant fluctuations when interacting with the US and Europe, while Europe shows strong chain reactions with Japan. The model outperforms other comparative models, achieving the best path prediction accuracy (82.5%) and convergence speed, effectively capturing nonlinear effects. Furthermore, the paper uses 3D charts and heat maps to visualize global trade flow changes, offering a quantitative perspective on understanding the complexity of global trade interactions. The experimental results validate the model’s strong ability to analyze multi-path effects and dynamic chain reactions in global trade networks, providing a powerful tool for future economic policy formulation and interactive prediction in regional economic integration.

Crystallizing the Uncrystallizable: Insights from Extensive Screening of PROTACs

Altered gray matter morphometry in psychogenic erectile dysfunction patients: A Surface-based morphometry study

Psychological distress among parents with emigrant offspring: A mixed-methods study from Changunarayan Municipality, Nepal

Background The growing trend of international migration has significant socio-emotional implications for families left behind, particularly the left-behind parents. While much research focuses on the well-being of migrants, limited studies explore the psychological distress experienced by left-behind parents. This study assesses the prevalence and determinants of psychological distress among parents with emigrant offspring in Changunarayan Municipality, Nepal. Method A mixed-methods cross-sectional study was conducted among 218 parents whose children had emigrated for at least six months. The quantitative phase involved a structured survey, where psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Pearson chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression were performed to identify associated factors at a 5% level of significance. The qualitative phase included 16 in-depth interviews to explore emotional experiences and coping strategies. Thematic analysis, following Braun and Clarke’s six-step framework, was used to identify key qualitative insights. Results The prevalence of psychological distress was 18.8%, with 8.3% experiencing mild distress, 5.0% moderate distress, and 5.5% severe distress. Multivariable analysis revealed that parents with multiple morbidities (aOR: 4.032, 95% CI: 1.633–9.938), those whose children were employed in labor-intensive jobs (aOR: 9.215, 95% CI: 1.499–56.645), and those perceiving low support from emigrant children (aOR: 3.828, 95% CI: 1.178–12.442) had significantly higher odds of psychological distress. Qualitative findings highlighted loneliness, parental worries, and uncertainty regarding children’s return as key concerns. Social support, regular communication, and engagement in community activities were identified as coping strategies. Conclusion A significant proportion of parents with emigrant children experience psychological distress, influenced by health conditions, migrant employment status, and perceived social support. Strengthening intergenerational communication, enhancing mental health services, and developing targeted support programs for left-behind parents are crucial in mitigating their distress.

Autonomous Activation of a Gated Chemiluminescent Photosensitizer Enables Targeted Photodynamic Therapy in Tumor Cells

Human sounds and associated tonality disrupting perceived soundscapes in protected natural areas

Abstract In protected natural areas (PNAs), at popular scenic spots, visitors often contribute to noise pollution through their behaviour. The decibel-focused monitoring doesn’t capture the quality of an acoustic environment, human behaviour and perception. A mixed-methods framework, based on the ISO 12913 series, was tested in four European PNAs to address this gap. During five soundwalks (7–12 km long) organised by the Silenzi in Quota initiative, 443 questionnaires were gathered across 28 evaluation points, alongside corresponding binaural measurements. Acoustic environments as silent as L Aeq  = 31 dB and as loud as L Aeq  = 76 dB were observed, eliciting perceptions from very calm to chaotic. Psychophysical measures (loudness, sharpness, roughness, fluctuation strength and tonality) were calculated. The impact of the perceived sound source dominance, visual landscape quality and psychophysical and environmental acoustic features on the perceived soundscape pleasantness and eventfulness was analysed via Linear Mixed-Effects Models (LMMs). Perceived sound source type data- and psychophysical data-based models demonstrated higher predictive power than those based on sound pressure level metrics. Amongst the sounds of nature, water sounds demonstrated the strongest association with higher pleasantness and eventfulness. Unlike in urban context, presence of human sounds, associated with increased tonality, was the major factor driving the perception of chaotic soundscapes, revealing the detrimental effect of human behaviour on the experience of PNAs.

Editorial Note: Enhancing shipyard transportation efficiency through dynamic scheduling using digital twin technology

Designing Pb-Free High-Entropy Relaxor Ferroelectrics with Machine Learning Assistance for High Energy Storage

Enhanced anti-microbial properties of clear aligner resin containing zwitterionic material

Unveiling health disparities: Diagnostic prevalences in a transgender cohort versus matched controls

Importance Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals are at risk for discrimination and inequities across legal, social, and medical contexts. Population-level resources have rarely been used for TGD health research and, therefore, data is lacking about prevalences of a wide range of clinical conditions among TGD populations. Objective To leverage the Utah Population Database’s demographic, vital, and health records and examine population-level diagnostic prevalences in TGD individuals and an age-matched general cohort. Participants 6,664 TGD individuals were identified using ICD codes for gender incongruence between 1995 and 2021; 64,124 age-matched individuals comprised the control cohort. Design Using Phecodes to collapse ICD codes, this study examined differences in the prevalence of medical, mental health, and neurodevelopmental clinical phenotypes in TGD and control cohorts using modified Poisson regression models. Setting Affiliated healthcare systems within the state of Utah. Main outcome and measure We evaluated adjusted prevalence ratios of identified Phecodes. Results The TGD cohort showed broadly higher documented prevalences of medical, mental health, and neurodevelopmental conditions compared to controls. Medical diagnoses more common in the TGD cohort included sleep disorders and chronic pain. Disparities in diagnoses such as “other endocrine disorders” and “need for hormone replacement therapy” likely reflect gender-affirming treatments. Mental health conditions including mood, depression, anxiety, and personality disorders were significantly more prevalent in the TGD cohort. Conclusions and Relevance This study highlights diagnostic disparities for TGD individuals across multiple clinical categories. Our findings may be driven by: 1) discrimination and over-medicalization of TGD individuals, 2) differences in accessing and interacting with the healthcare system, and 3) variation in the true incidence of medical and mental health outcomes in the TGD vs control cohorts.

Testing the mediating role of self-esteem on the relationship between parenting styles and subjective well-being of adolescents

Quality of life in a family-centric applied behavior analysis model: A case series study

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a condition with growing prevalence that results in significant healthcare spending, reduced parent income, high levels of family stress, and decreased quality of life (QoL). QoL is a measure for assessing overall wellness, and in the context of ASD is related to parent self-efficacy. Validated treatments, of which applied behavior analysis (ABA) is the gold standard, can mitigate some of the consequences that may be detrimental to parental QoL. We examined changes in parental QoL across multiple domains within three parent-child dyads in the context of a parent-led ABA model where the treatment was delivered by the parent. We hypothesized that parental QoL would be increased concurrently with ABA treatment lowering the frequency of interfering behaviors, which contribute to parental stress and limited self-efficacy. QoL components improved between the first and follow-up evaluations, though not all QoL component score changes achieved clinical significance. This study demonstrates a correlation between parental QoL and clinical treatment progress; with further validation, QoL assessment may serve as a tool to guide individualized treatment approaches that improve family outcomes.