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Deciphering the Photochemistry of Thionylimide (HNSO): Isomers and Tunneling-Controlled Reactions
Adaptive regulation of a non inverting buck boost converter with Levenberg Marquardt based sliding mode predictive control scheme
Redox-Induced Microstructure and Phase Dynamics in Nickel: Insights from In Situ Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction
Superior monocular visual function but compromised binocular balance in precision shooters compared to age and refraction matched controls
Abstract Shooting sports demand exceptional visual performance, yet detailed assessments of visual function in precision shooters remain limited. This cross-sectional study evaluated 28 pistol and rifle shooters and 20 age- and refractive-error-matched non-athletic controls. Participants underwent comprehensive visual assessments, including tests of visual acuity (VA), Vernier acuity, contrast sensitivity, binocular vision, accommodation, ocular biometry, perimetry, and eye movement tracking. A subgroup of national-level athletes was also analyzed. Compared to controls, shooters demonstrated superior near VA (−0.08 ± 0.06 vs. 0.03 ± 0.07 logMAR; p = 0.003), binocular Vernier acuity (5.4 ± 3.2 vs. 8.7 ± 5.1 arcsec; p = 0.032), and dominant eye contrast sensitivity (p = 0.005). National-level shooters showed fewer gaze shifts (p = 0.044), more stable fixation, and better stereoacuity (25 vs. 35 arcsec; p = 0.005). Modality-specific differences were observed: pistol shooters exhibited better distance acuity and central field sensitivity, while rifle shooters—despite being older—performed better in near VA. However, covering one eye to avoid diplopia, which is inherent in precision shooting, may cause suppression of the covered eye when performed frequently and for prolonged periods. This ultimately may explain why shooting experience correlates with reduced binocular balance and a worse near point of convergence (r = 0.335, p = 0.020). These findings suggest that visual expertise in precision shooting is linked to task-specific visual adaptations. Tailored visual training programs may enhance performance and mitigate training-induced imbalances.
Propargylic Alcohol as a Key Substrate Motif for Achieving Enantioselective Gold-Catalyzed Enyne Cycloisomerization
Combining clinical markers can predict mortality in NYHA IV heart failure
Stimulated Emission from Below the Bandgap in Giant Quantum Shells
Critical dimensions in strengthening education and instructor training using fuzzy based decision algorithm and CRITIC WASPAS method
Abstract Quality education and instructor training are foundational to the development of any society, as they directly influence the effectiveness of learning and the overall performance of educational systems. Decision-making is crucial in enhancing quality education and instructor training by ensuring teaching policies. This article modifies some robust mathematical methodologies of the fuzzy framework and decision-making techniques to aggregate an authentic ranking of preferences. We also explore a novel approach to the circular pythagorean fuzzy set (Cr-PyFS) that is used to manage uncertainty and vagueness in complicated real-life applications. Some flexible operations of Frank t-norm and t-conorm are also formulated under the system of circular pythagorean fuzzy (Cr-PyF) information. Furthermore, we derive a list of mathematical aggregation operators such as circular pythagorean fuzzy frank weighted average (Cr-PyFFWA) and circular pythagorean fuzzy frank weighted geometric (Cr- PyFFWG) operators with prominent properties. Additionally, a decision-making approach to the criteria importance through the intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) method is adopted to investigate the weight of criteria by incorporating the Cr-PyF situations. Moreover, an optimization technique of the weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) method is established to rank alternatives under different conflicting criteria. A numerical example is constructed to examine suitable training institutes to improve instructor skills and expertise. The comparative study is also established to demonstrate the superiority and validation of pioneering approaches with existing terminologies. Finally, a summary of the article is presented at the end of the manuscript.
Thiazole-Bimodulated Covalent Organic Frameworks for Synergistic Water Harvesting and Photosplitting
Compositional analysis of coffee containing javamide I/II and investigation of health effects in rats fed a high fat diet
Abstract Coffee containing javamide I/II (CCJ12) is commonly found in the market. However, no information is available about chemical composition of CCJ12 and in vivo effects on obesity. Therefore, in this paper, the composition of CCJ12 was analyzed by HPLC and LC/MS, and effects on bodyweight, metabolic (HDL, LDL, TG, leptin, adiponectin), cardiovascular risk (sE-selectin, C-reactive protein,), and inflammatory (MCP-1, TNF-alpha) factors were investigated in a rodent model. In CCJ12, > 700 compounds were identified by LC/MS and the amounts of javamide I/II, caffeine and chlorogenic acids were quantified by HPLC. For the animal study, rats were placed into three groups (each n = 10); (CG group (a control diet with water), FG group (a high fat diet with water), and FCG group (a high fat diet with CCJ12)) and the study was conducted for 20 weeks. The data showed no significant differences in water/food intakes between all three groups. However, the FG and FCG groups showed weight gain, in comparison to the CG group (P < 0.05). Also, the FG and FCG groups showed higher levels of LDL, TG, and leptin than the CG group (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found in bodyweight, HDL, LDL, TG, leptin, and adiponectin levels between the FG and FCG groups. Also, no significant differences were noted in sE-selectin, C-reactive protein, and MCP-1 levels between the FG and FCG groups. However, TNF-alpha level was found to be down in the FCG group, in comparison to the FG group (P < 0.05). Our study suggests that CCJ12 may have no adverse effects on bodyweight, HDL, LDL, TG, adiponectin, leptin, sE-selectin, C-reactive protein, and MCP-1, but may have a beneficial effect on TNF-alpha in rats fed a high fat diet.
Catalytic Borylation of Poly(vinyl chloride) Produces Adhesive Materials
Correction: Morphometric analysis of the human common hepatic artery reveals a rich and accessible target for sympathetic liver denervation
Janus Palladium Membrane Electrode Enables Competent Hydrodehalogenation via Hydride Transfer
Phytochemical profiling and in vitro biological activity evaluation of Lavandula angustifolia flower essential oil
Expression of Concern: An Improved Migratory Birds Optimization Algorithm for Closed- Loop Supply Chain Network Planning in a Fuzzy Environment
Developing Dynamic Ion Transport Channels in Polymer Solid Electrolytes for High-Performance Lithium Metal Batteries
Effective removal of dyes from aqueous systems by waste-derived carbon adsorbent: physicochemical characterization and adsorption studies
Abstract Due to their cost-effectiveness and high surface area, activated carbons are commonly used for the adsorption of dyes from aqueous solutions. In this study, activated carbon was synthesized from walnut shell waste via KOH activation (1:3 ratio), yielding a surface area of 2347.4 m²/g. Reactive Blue 19 and Reactive Red 195 adsorption behavior were studied under varying experimental conditions. These included natural pH values (6.8–7.2), dye concentrations between 50 and 1250 mg L⁻¹, and adsorbent dosages ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 g. Adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 150 min. The maximum adsorption capacities were found to be 1227.17 mg g⁻¹ for RB 19 and 235.74 mg g⁻¹ for RR 195. Isotherm modeling was conducted using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich models, with Freundlich providing the best fit for both dyes, indicating multilayer adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption processes were spontaneous and endothermic, with negative Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), positive enthalpy (ΔH°), and positive entropy (ΔS°) values. These results highlight the high adsorption performance and practical potential of walnut shell-derived activated carbon for dye removal from wastewater.
Homocysteine induces ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes by disrupting β-catenin/GPX4 pathway
Background Homocysteine can cause damage to cardiomyocytes, but the exact mechanism underlying that injury is unknown. And, ferroptosis contributes to both the initiation and progression of cardiac diseases. This study aims to focus on homocysteine to investigate the involvement of β-catenin/GPX4 signaling in ferroptosis of cardiomyocytes. Methods In this study, C57BL/6 mice were utilized to establish an experimental model. Hyperhomocysteinemia was induced in the animal model by administering homocysteine at a concentration of 1.8 g/L in the drinking water. Model mice received the treatment of deferoxamine (DFO) and ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) as therapeutic interventions. Western blot was utilized to detect β-catenin, FTH1, and GPX4. Lipid ROS, Fe2+, and GSH were detected by biochemical assays. In addition, β-catenin and GPX4 expression were assessed by immunostaining techniques. Cell viability was assessed using CCK-8 assay, and mitochondrial damage was examined by transmission electron microscopy. ChIP combining dual luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to analyze the interaction between β-catenin protein with the promoter of GPX4 gene. Results Homocysteine inhibited β-catenin activity and GPX4 expression, and promoted cardiomyocytes ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of β-catenin promoted the expression of GPX4 and subsequently inhibited homocysteine-induced ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes. Further, results from the ChIP assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that GPX4 acted as a target gene of β-catenin. Conclusion Homocysteine induces ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes by disrupting β-catenin activity, subsequently downregulating its target gene, GPX4.