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Beta cyclodextrin stabilized cupric oxide nanoparticles assisted thermal therapy for lung tumor and its effective in vitro anticancer activity
Abstract The unique physicochemical properties of cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) make them suitable for a wide range of therapeutic applications. Here, we synthesized β-cyclodextrin (βCD) capped CuO NPs (CuONPs@βCD) using a simple reduction process. The formation and physicochemical characteristics were identified via different spectroscopic techniques. The CuONPs@βCD displayed antimicrobial activity as good as commercial drugs. Dimethyl thiazolyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was carried out to assess the anticancer properties of CuONPs@βCD against A549 lung cancer cells. The result demonstrated that the anticancer activity of CuONPs@βCD with IC50 values of 41.06 ± 0.05 and 19.46 µg/mL at 24 and 48-h incubation period, respectively. CuONPs@βCD exhibited anticancer activity on A549 lung cancer cells while having less adverse effects on normal cells. Annexin V-FITC/PI assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and AO/EB apoptosis studies in A549 cells revealed significant apoptotic impact of CuONPs@βCD when compared to the control. Moreover, thermal therapy study of CuONPs@βCD in lung tumor using COMSOL Multiphysics has been reported. Our investigation revealed Case III, where the temperature distribution at the top surface of the tumor is best and may be the most effective way to treat lung cancer. It was found that an incident flux of 8000 Wm− 2 for 900 s and an extinction coefficient of 8.266 m− 1 for CuONPs@βCD were the best conditions for reaching a temperature of 43.63 °C across the whole tumor area. Thus, these findings open new research opportunities and potential use of CuONPs@βCD for biological applications.
Neuroprotective effect of Tozasertib in Streptozotocin-induced alzheimer’s mice model
Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is responsible for more than 80% of cases of dementia in senior individuals globally. In the current study, the role of modulation of the FGF1/PI3K/Akt pathway in the protective effect of tozasertib was evaluated. Experimental dementia was induced in mice by injecting streptozotocin (STZ) intracerebroventricularly. Various biochemical parameters for oxidative stress & lipid peroxidation (SOD, GSH, catalase, TBARS), neuroinflammation (MPO, IL-6, IL-1 β, TNF-α, NFκB), apoptotic markers (Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3), and memory parameters (AChE activity, β1–40 levels) were assessed. The behavioral parameters evaluated included the Morris Water Maze test and the step-down passive avoidance test. Histological changes were assessed using H&E staining. ICV STZ-induced AD resulted in increased oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and decreased learning and memory. The results showed that administration of tozasertib improved memory, decreased levels of oxidative stress, inflammatory parameters, and apoptotic markers, and improved histological parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Pre-administration of LY294002, a PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor, partially reversed the protective effects of Tozasertib, suggesting possible involvement of this pathway. However, as the mechanism was inferred primarily through pharmacological antagonism, further studies including direct molecular assessments (e.g. p-Akt/t-Akt) are warranted to confirm the role of FGF1/PI3K/Akt signaling in Tozasertib’s action.
Homo sapiens adapted to diverse habitats before successfully populating Eurasia
Assessment of hybrid nanocomposite AFOs for pediatric cerebral palsy: mechanical, spectroscopic, and finite element analysis
Abstract Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a neurological disorder that affects motor function and causes gait abnormalities in children. Ankle–Foot Orthoses (AFOs) are external aiding devices that provide stability and improve mobility for pediatrics. However, conventional AFO materials often fail to achieve an optimal balance of strength, flexibility, and energy absorption for dynamic movements. This study introduces a novel composite material for pediatric ankle–foot orthoses (AFOs), based on Orthocryl and reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and polylactic acid (PLA). The proposed formulation is engineered to overcome the limitations of conventional materials by providing enhanced mechanical performance and improved functional suitability for clinical applications. Four composite concentrations were fabricated: pure Orthocryl, 0.5% MWCNTs, 0.5% MWCNTs/1.0% PLA, and 0.5% MWCNTs/1.5% PLA. Mechanical and morphological characterizations were performed using a universal testing machine for tensile, flexural, and impact testing, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) for material composition analysis, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) for surface morphology examination. To simulate practical application, Finite Element Analysis was performed using ANSYS software, recognizing gait loading conditions. The experimental findings demonstrated that incorporating 0.5% MWCNT into Orthocryl significantly enhanced its mechanical properties, with a 12.5% increase in tensile strength (from 52.79 to 59.4 MPa), a 59.3% increase in flexural strength (from 52.08 to 82.93 MPa), and a 22% improvement in impact resistance (from 28.12 to 34.3 kJ/m2). These improvements confirm the effectiveness of MWCNT reinforcement. Additionally, FE-SEM and FT-IR analyses confirmed the uniform distribution of CNTs within the matrix and stronger interfacial bonding between the filler and polymer. Simulation results showed that the 0.5% MWCNT/1.5% PLA composite had the highest deformation (10.95 mm) with a safety factor of 1.12, indicating acceptable safety. In contrast, the 0.5% MWCNT composite showed the lowest deformation (4.17 mm), 12.6% less than pure Orthocryl, and the highest safety factor (3.2), reflecting an optimal balance of strength and flexibility for pediatric AFOs in CP patients.
Columbia researchers eager to restart science after university’s deal with Trump
Urine sodium levels post-saline infusion in differentiating non-edematous hyponatremia
Real world pharmacovigilance comparison of viloxazine and dextroamphetamine adverse reaction profiles
The brain fires up immune cells when sick people are nearby
Degradation kinetics of Andrographolide in aqueous solution, product identification and biological activity evaluation
Correction: Magnitude and determinant factors of traditional uvulectomy practices among children under the age of five in Lemo District, Central Ethiopia
How China’s bold talent recruitment has shaped science
Unlocking the potential of ChatGPT in detecting the XCO2 hotspot captured by orbiting carbon observatory-3 satellite
An open-source platform for structured annotation and computational workflows in digital pathology research
Prevalence, characteristics and treatment of concomitant injury to liver and spleen with vascular injury after blunt abdominal trauma
Abstract Our purpose was to assess the prevalence of liver injuries as well as concomitant injuries to the liver and spleen in patients with blunt or penetrating abdominal trauma, and to determine the prevalence, management and outcome of active bleeding and contained vascular injuries (CVI; pseudoaneurysm/AV-fistula) seen on admission CT. A retrospective, single-center, longitudinal cohort study with nine-year data (2013–2021) of all ≥ 15-year-old patients with severe blunt or penetrating abdominal trauma and an ICD code for liver and/or splenic trauma. CT examinations were identified. Radiology, medical reports and images were reviewed and only patients with an adequate admission CT were included in the final study group. Of 2805 patients with abdominal trauma (71% males), 409 patients (14.6%) had a liver injury, and 329 had a CT on admission (329/409; 80.4%). 313 patients (11.2%) had a splenic injury and 262 had a CT (262/313; 83.7%). Of these, 65 patients or 2.3% (65/2805) had injury to both organs, with 49 patients with CT (49/65; 75.4%), combined group (CG) (79% males). The median (range) ISS was 21 (4–75) for single organ injury patients and 34 (9–75) for patients with both organs injured (p < 0.0001). Active liver or splenic bleeding was seen in 5.8% and 17.9%, respectively. In CG, 11 (11/49; 22.4%) patients had active bleeding. Of these, two patients had active bleeing in both organs (4.1%). Liver patients with active bleeding had significantly higher ISS (p = 0.025) than those without. In CG, ISS did not differ significantly between patients with and without active bleeding (p = 0.073), however, it tended to be higher in those with active bleeding. Most liver injuries with active bleeding were treated non-operatively (12/19; 63.2%). An active bleeding was more common in spleen than in liver patients; odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) 3.57 (2.04–6.25), p < 0.0001. A CVI was more common in splenic compared with liver injuries, OR 6.71 (95% CI; 2.27–19.9, p < 0.0001). Active bleeding was more common in CG than in single organ injury patients; OR 3.67 (1.73–7.79), p < 0.0016. 30-day survival rate did not differ between patients with or without active bleeding, but was slightly lower in CG compared with only liver injury (89.8% vs. 93.7%, p = 0.36). In conclusion the prevalence of liver injury in abdominal trauma seen on admission CT was 11.7% of all patients with blunt or penetrating abdominal trauma, and concomitant splenic and liver injury was seen in 1.7%. Non-operative management was applied in almost two thirds of patients with liver injuries. Active bleeding was seen in 5.8% of liver, 17.9% of splenic and 22.4% of CG patients. ISS was doubled in CG compared with single organ injury patients. Active bleeding was more common in CG, and CG had slightly increased mortality rate compared with single organ injury patients.
Multi attribute group decision-making based on quasirung orthopair fuzzy Frank aggregation operators for optimal vehicle selection
Quantum annealing feature selection on light-weight medical image datasets
Abstract We investigate the use of quantum computing algorithms on real quantum hardware to tackle the computationally intensive task of feature selection for light-weight medical image datasets. Feature selection is often formulated as a k of n selection problem, where the complexity grows binomially with increasing k and n. Quantum computers, particularly quantum annealers, are well-suited for such problems, which may offer advantages under certain problem formulations. We present a method to solve larger feature selection instances than previously demonstrated on commercial quantum annealers. Our approach combines a linear Ising penalty mechanism with subsampling and thresholding techniques to enhance scalability. The method is tested in a toy problem where feature selection identifies pixel masks used to reconstruct small-scale medical images. We compare our approach against a range of feature selection strategies, including randomized baselines, classical supervised and unsupervised methods, combinatorial optimization via classical and quantum solvers, and learning-based feature representations. The results indicate that quantum annealing-based feature selection is effective for this simplified use case, demonstrating its potential in high-dimensional optimization tasks. However, its applicability to broader, real-world problems remains uncertain, given the current limitations of quantum computing hardware. While learned feature representations such as autoencoders achieve superior reconstruction performance, they do not offer the same level of interpretability or direct control over input feature selection as our approach.