Browse Articles
Discover research articles across all indexed journals
The influence of soft wheat grain germination on its technological properties
This study evaluates the impact of controlled germination on the technological properties of soft wheat grain (Tәuelsizdik variety) to determine its suitability for flour production. Grain was germinated for 24, 48, and 72 hours and incorporated into commercial flour at varying ratios (5%, 10%, and 15%) with gluten contents of 26%, 28%, and 30%. Technological properties including flour strength (W), water absorption capacity (WAC), and falling number (FN) were assessed using standard analytical methods and optimized through a Box–Behnken design with response surface modeling. Results revealed that increasing germination time significantly reduced gluten content, FN, and dough rheological parameters such as tenacity and elasticity, while increasing extensibility. Optimal technological performance was achieved with 29.8% gluten content, 24 hours of germination, and 8.2% germinated grain, yielding strong flour characteristics: W = 307.6 × 10 ⁻ ⁴ J, WAC = 54.9%, and FN = 180.4 s. The study highlights that, under optimal conditions, germinated soft wheat grain can be effectively utilized in flour production without compromising quality, offering a valuable strategy for processing sprouted grain resulting from unfavorable harvest conditions.
Deep learning reveals that multidimensional social status drives population variation in 11,875 US participant cohort
As an increasing realization, many behavioral relationships are interwoven with inherent variations in human populations. Presently, there is no clarity in the biomedical community on which sources of population variation are most dominant. The recent advent of population-scale cohorts like the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study (ABCD Study®) are now offering unprecedented depth and width of phenotype profiling that potentially explains interfamily differences. Here, we leveraged a deep learning framework (conditional variational autoencoder) on the totality of the ABCD Study® phenome (8,902 candidate phenotypes in 11,875 participants) to identify and characterize major sources of population stratification. 80% of the top 5 sources of explanatory stratifications were driven by distinct combinations of 202 available socioeconomic status (SES) measures; each in conjunction with a unique set of non-overlapping social and environmental factors. Several sources of variation across this cohort flagged geographies marked by material poverty interlocked with mental health and behavioral correlates. Deprivation emerged in another top stratification in relation to urbanicity and its ties to immigrant and racial and ethnic minoritized groups. Conversely, two other major sources of population variation were both driven by indicators of privilege: one highlighted measures of access to educational opportunity and income tied to healthy home environments and good behavior, the other profiled individuals of European ancestry leading advantaged lifestyles in desirable neighborhoods in terms of location and air quality. Overall, the disclosed social stratifications underscore the importance of treating SES as a multidimensional construct and recognizing its ties into social determinants of health.
Stabilized and unstabilized sampling methods result in differential fecal 16S rRNA microbial sequencing results
Over the past decade, studies have been conducted to increase the understanding of associations between the fecal microbiome and human health. In conjunction, researchers have investigated the effects of study design, methods, molecular processing, and sequencing techniques. However, a lack of standardization of fecal sample collection methodology has introduced heterogeneity in sequencing results. Sources of variability include sample collection methods, storage temperatures, and transport times. Here we present 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing results from two sample collection methods (unstabilized sterile swab and stabilized OmniGene Gut Kits) collected from the same fecal specimens. The paired samples were collected either at the research facility or the participants’ home and ground shipped to the research facility at ambient temperature. Therefore, samples were exposed to variable temperatures and transport times. We found that fecal sample collection methods resulted in taxonomic and diversity differences that showed distinct patterns between swab and OmniGene samples. Swab samples were disproportionally affected by increased transport time, but differences in taxa and diversity were driven more by sample collection method, as compared to transport time. Based on previous studies, many of the taxa that were associated with sample collection methods and transport times have clinical relevance. Collectively, this research highlights: 1) the need for further standardization of methods for fecal microbiome studies; 2) limitations of direct comparisons between different fecal sample collection methods; and 3) the importance of careful consideration of sample collection methods for future studies and meta-analyses.
Can working in agriculture have a favorable effect on depressive symptoms? Life satisfaction as a mediator
Purpose Several studies have explored the relationship between various aspects of work and the onset of depressive symptoms. However, there is a lack of research focusing on the association between job types and depressive symptoms. This study aims to investigate the impact of agricultural work on depressive symptoms and whether life satisfaction mediates this relationship. Methods Data were obtained from the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) (n = 6856). Participants were categorized based on whether they were engaged in agricultural or non-agricultural work and further classified as self-employed or employed. Depressive symptoms and life satisfaction were assessed using the CES-D and SWLS scales. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations, and Baron and Kenny’s mediation test and the Sobel test were used to assess the mediating effect of life satisfaction. Results Engaging in agricultural work was positively associated with increased depressive symptoms scores (B = 3.437, p < 0.001), indicating that agricultural work exacerbates depressive symptoms. This effect was partially mediated by life satisfaction. Conclusions Self-employed agricultural workers are a high-risk group for depressive symptoms. Additionally, life satisfaction plays a mediating role between type of job and depressive symptoms. Public health recommendations aimed at improving or mitigating depressive symptoms among agricultural workers could focus on enhancing life satisfaction to promote healthier psychological status.
Accuracy and real time optimization of remote sensing image change detection based on IRAU and DSC
Image change detection is one of the important application branches of remote sensing technology in many fields. However, in complex environments, remote sensing image change detection is often subject to various interferences, resulting in low accuracy and poor real-time performance of detection results. The research focuses on the advantages and problems of residual networks and depth-wise separable convolution modules, designs a new remote sensing image change detection model, and finally sets up experiments for verification. The average accuracy of the proposed detection model before and after training convergence was 0.54 and 0.97. The accuracy of repeated detection ranged from 95.82% to 99.68%, and the area under curve of the model was 0.90. However, after removing the integrated residual attention unit and depth-wise separable convolution, the accuracy decreased by 1.91% and the latency increased by 117ms. In addition, the detection efficiency of the model for different elements ranged from 0.91 to 0.94, with high accuracy in detecting changes in spatial and temporal scales and small offsets. The actual accuracy and mean latency time of the model were 92.43% and 260ms, respectively. In summary, the proposed change detection model significantly improves the accuracy and real-time performance of remote sensing image processing, contributing to the expanded application of remote sensing dynamic detection technology in fields such as ocean monitoring and ecological research.
Influential node identification method based on multi-order neighbors and exclusive neighborhood
In a complex network, the identification of node influence and the localization of key nodes play a crucial role in analyzing network structure and determining the positioning of nodes for information transmission control, resource redistribution, and network regulation. In this study, we propose a method for identifying influential nodes called “Multi-order Neighbors and Exclusive Neighborhood” (MNEN) after analyzing and investigating existing methods in the field. The MNEN method calculates a node’s influence based on two factors: the node itself, its neighboring nodes, and its exclusive neighborhood. The influence of the node itself is determined by its degree value and K-shell (Ks) value, while the influence contribution of the neighbor node is calculated based on its degree value, Ks value, and the contribution from its exclusive neighbor node. To evaluate the algorithm’s performance, we employ the SIR model as the benchmark and conduct simulation experiments to validate the MNEN method, comparing the results with other influential node identification methods. Our analysis demonstrates that the algorithm accurately identifies influential nodes in networks of different scales, yielding a positive overall impact and demonstrating a certain level of universality.
Dynamics of fungal bioaerosols in Kuwait City: An 8-year survey
Fungi are ubiquitous eukaryotic microorganisms that are often implicated in a wide range of diseases. Exposure to fungal bioaerosols is often associated with conditions such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, keratitis, and pneumonitis, among others. This study aims to shed some light on the configuration of airborne culturable fungal genera in the atmosphere of Kuwait City with analysis of seasonal patterns, intra-diurnal variations and correlations with meteorological factors. Outdoor fungal bioaerosols samples were collected twice a day, two times a week, from January 2016 to December 2023 via volumetric active sampling in Al-Sabah Medical District, Kuwait City, Kuwait. The meteorological data were supplied by Kuwait Meteorological Department, Directorate General of Civil Aviation. The rates of fungal bioaerosols remained relatively high during the months of March, April and May, ranging from 269 to 296 CFU/m3. Cladosporium, Aspergillus and Alternaria were the most common fungal genera in the atmosphere, with a prevalence of 49%, 16% and 14%, respectively. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in fungal composition between intra-diurnal periods were demonstrated in most monthly analyses. A strong negative correlation was demonstrated with temperature and haze events. Conversely, positive correlations were observed with relative humidity, wind action, rainfall and dust phenotypes. Fungal dynamics in relation to seasonality and intra-diurnal variations require further elucidation. Collaborative research is needed to advance our understanding of the implications of elevated rates of fungal bioaerosols, the seasonality of specific fungal allergens and what may be suitable means of mitigation. Efforts such as this study will hopefully help facilitate regionally specific air quality management decisions and provide baseline information for health-care providers.
Reducing meat consumption: Results from a German survey on attitudes, behaviour and willingness to change among adults
Background Individual meat consumption in Germany has fallen slightly in recent years, but still exceeds the recommended quantities. High meat consumption has negative impacts both on human health and the environment. This study intends to identify which population groups in Germany may have already reduced their meat consumption, based on which motives, and to capture the willingness to limit future consumption. Methods Analyses are based on representative data from 3,178 adults living in Germany, collected in a cross-sectional, standardized telephone survey (German Health Update) in 2022. Differences between population groups are identified using chi-squared tests and logistic regression models. Results are presented with 95% confidence limits. Results 72% of the population intentionally avoid meat consumption at least occasionally. About half of the population intends to eat less meat in the future or already never eat meat. 23% have no current or future intention to limit their meat consumption. Women and higher educated persons more often claim to intentionally avoid meat consumption, currently and for the future. Those who currently eat meat less often are more likely to intend further reduction compared to those who eat meat frequently. The predominant motive for reducing meat consumption is “health” followed by “climate and environmental protection” and “animal welfare”. Climate protection as a motive for reducing meat consumption is more often mentioned by young persons and women, whereas health benefits are more important for persons aged 65 years and older. Conclusion A large proportion of the population already cuts down on meat consumption, at least occasionally. On the other hand, consumption levels in Germany are still very high. Climate and environment protection already play an important role for meat reduction, and may help leverage the transition to a more plant-based and healthier diet in the population.
Galectin-3 did not associate with malaria-related insulin resistance in diabetic and non-diabetic respondents at a Ghanaian General Hospital
Background Malaria remains endemic in the sub-Saharan African region. The region also faces the world’s highest increase in incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although galectin-3 has been explored in numerous conditions, scientific information on the relationship between malaria-related insulin resistance and circulating galectin-3 levels is limited. Therefore, the current study examined the association between galectin-3 and insulin resistance in diabetic and non-diabetic adults with or without malaria at the Tema General Hospital. Methods Anthropometric indices, blood pressure, glucose, full blood count (FBC), lipid profile, insulin and galectin-3 levels were measured under fasting conditions. Insulin resistance and beta-cell function were assessed using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta-cell function (HOMA-B) formulae. Results Participants with T2DM were older (P < 0.05) with higher levels of systolic blood pressure and glucose but lower parasite levels than their non-diabetic counterparts. Irrespective of diabetes status, levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and galectin-3 were higher but triglyceride level was lower in participants with malaria. Levels of insulin, HOMA-B and HOMA-IR were highest for diabetics without malaria with high strengths of the associations. Galectin-3 could neither predict HOMA-B nor HOMA-IR in any of the study groups. Irrespective of malaria or diabetes status, insulin resistance associated with glucose (B = 0.603, Wald = 10.52, Exp (B) = 1.83, CI: 1.27–2.63; P = 0.001) and insulin (B = 1.145, Wald = 18.61, Exp (B) = 3.14, CI: 1.87–5.23; P < 0.001) levels in our context with the model explaining 67.7% (Cox & Snell R2 = 0.677) to 91% (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.91) of the observed variation. Conclusion The relationship of galectin-3 with HOMA-IR and HOMA-B appears more complex than a linear fashion in our setting.
Korean and Chinese citizens’ pandemic fatigue and related factors amidst the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for risk communication
Pandemic fatigue has emerged as a significant public health challenge, particularly in countries that implemented prolonged COVID-19 public health and social measures (PHSM). Understanding the factors contributing to pandemic fatigue and its impact on adherence to health protective behaviors is essential for sustaining public engagement in long-term disease management. This study examines pandemic fatigue in China and South Korea, two countries that maintained prolonged COVID-19 public health and social measures, to identify key predictors and explore its relationship with health protective behaviors. Online surveys were conducted in March 2023 to measure pandemic fatigue levels. To examine the relationships between pandemic fatigue, its predictors (perceived risk, efficacy beliefs, and daily life changes), and health protective behaviors, linear regression and mediation effect analyses were performed. The results indicated that the level of pandemic fatigue was 3.67 in South Korea and 3.47 in China, which was higher than previous research. High efficacy beliefs were associated with lower pandemic fatigue in both countries, while daily life changes had mixed effects. Pandemic fatigue has a significant impact on the adoption of health protective behaviors, with the exception of the practice of resting when unwell. The findings highlight the necessity of reinforcing efficacy beliefs through risk communication for a sustainable pandemic response. Given that risk perception declined over time, traditional fear-based health messages may be less effective in prolonged pandemics. Instead, risk communication strategies that emphasize a sense of control and provide clear, actionable guidance may help sustain public engagement. Furthermore, addressing the daily life changes faced by citizens and creating environments that facilitate the adoption of health-protective behaviors (e.g., access to paid sick leave) are important as long-term pandemic strategies.
Passage of human-origin influenza A virus in swine tracheal epithelial cells selects for adaptive mutations in the hemagglutinin gene
Frequent spillover of influenza A viruses from humans to swine contributes to the increasing diversity of influenza viruses circulating in pigs. Although these events are common, little is known about the adaptation processes that take place when viruses jump between the two species. We examined the changes that occurred during serial passages of a reassortant H3N2 virus (VIC11pTRIG) containing human seasonal surface genes (Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase) and a swine-adapted internal gene constellation in differentiated primary swine tracheal epithelial cells (pSTECs). The VIC11pTRIG reassortant virus was serially passaged 8 times in pSTECs and compared to a control swine-adapted strain (OH/04p) containing the same internal gene constellation. Viral RNA from passages 0 (inoculum), 1, 3, 4–8 were sequenced via next generation or Sanger sequencing. Hemagglutinin diversity was highest at passage 3. Two amino acid mutations in the Hemagglutinin protein (N165K and N216K) were fixed at passages 7 and 5, respectively. These changes were associated with increased fitness of the virus in pSTECs compared to the original parental strain. Our results suggest that the adaptation of human seasonal H3N2 to swine cells may lead to the selection of HA mutations located near the receptor binding site. These mutations may result in increased fitness of human-origin H3N2 strains to adapt in swine.
An improved mathematical model for hypothetical oil reservoir for optimum oil recovery using magnetic nanomaterials
In the oil and gas industry, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) strategies for unconventional reservoirs, characterized by complex geometries, differ significantly from those used in conventional reservoirs. This research focuses on the impact of 3D hexagonal prism geometries on EOR in hypothetical oil reservoirs using silicon dioxide (SiO₂) magnetic nanoparticles under liquid-phase flow conditions, a topic not extensively explored in existing literature. We developed an improved magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mathematical models to simulate oil recovery processes in these geometries, using ANSYS Fluent for finite volume analysis. We developed an improved magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model by incorporating magnetic field-induced pressure terms, nanoparticle transport losses, and a 3D hexagonal prism geometry that reflects complex reservoir behavior. These enhancements extend beyond traditional Darcy-based models by integrating magnetic permeability, viscosity alteration, and magnetic field-pore interactions. The model evaluates the impact of key reservoir parameters including porosity (ϕ = 0.1–0.4), injection flow rate (0.01–0.05 mL/min), and nanoparticle concentration (Ψ = 0.01–0.04), under different magnetic field configurations. Porosity and flow rate were also found to significantly influence recovery performance, highlighting the practical adaptability of the model for diverse reservoir conditions. Findings indicate that proximity of a magnetic field to cavity structures enhances oil recovery rates, with a significant 29.08% increase in recovery from nanoflooding compared to water flooding.Future research will extend this framework to study green, eco-friendly nanoparticles under elevated temperature and pressure, aiming to improve thermal stability, reduce environmental risks, and enhance recovery efficiency in more extreme reservoir conditions.
Gout management: Patent analytics and computational drug design explores URAT1 inhibitors landscape
Gout, caused by hyperuricemia, has a detrimental impact on patients’quality of life. The urate transporter 1 (URAT1) stands out as a key therapeutic target. However, its clinical development remains uncertain. This study aims to explore the landscape of URAT1 inhibitors by combining global patent analytics with computational drug design. We utilized the Derwent Innovation platform to analyze patents (from 2005 to 2024). Molecular docking was performed on 73.96% of novel compounds using AutoDock Vina. Additionally, scaffold diversity was analyzed using the Bemis-Murcko (BM) scaffold approach. A total of 2,195 entries were screened and eventually narrowed down to 1,056 high-value entries. The global research on URAT1 inhibitors is highly active, with China, the US, Japan, and Europe leading. Most patents are new compounds, indicating significant potential for novel drug development. Molecular docking showed ideal binding affinities for most compounds. The top five BM scaffolds were identified and compared with marketed drugs. This study highlights the potential for developing new URAT1 inhibitors. The identified compounds and scaffolds offer promising starting points for further drug development. Future work should focus on experimental validation and exploring clinical potential.
Hepatitis A beyond childhood causing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Background Hepatitis A is an acute viral infection of the liver caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV) that is acquired through the feco-oral route. It has the highest incidence among the four major acute viral hepatitis types (A, B, C, and E) and usually occurs in early childhood. However, the prevalence of acute hepatitis A has recently increased among teenagers and young adults, and it is usually misdiagnosed. This study emphasizes the significance of awareness among healthcare workers about the increasing incidence of acute hepatitis A among this group to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. Methods A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study was employed. Fifty-eight confirmed acute HAV patients who visited Adera Medical and Surgical Center (AMSC) between August 2023 and January 2024 were enrolled. Sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters and documented management data, including hospitalization and any trial of antibiotic treatment before considering HAV or in the course of the illness, were collected. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS (SPSS, Version 26.0). Results The sex ratio was similar, with a slight male predominance (M/F = 1.07). The mean age [± SD] of the patients was 19.3[± 8.8] years. Thirty-nine (67.2%) of the patients were students, and all of the patients were from Addis Ababa. Vomiting (82.8%), anorexia (70.7%) and yellowish discoloration of the eyes (62.1%) were the most common presenting symptoms, while icteric sclera 44 (75.9%) and epigastric tenderness 17 (29.3%) were the most common physical findings. More than half of the patients (55.2%) were initially misdiagnosed with typhoid fever (TF) (46.8%), peptic ulcer disease (PUD) (31.2%) or urinary tract infection (UTI) (15.6%). All patients recovered fully, and liver function tests (LFTs) normalized with supportive care within 2–4 weeks. Conclusion This study revealed the shift in the age of HAV susceptibility and subsequent infection towards adolescents and young adults (mean [± SD] age 19.31 [± 8.8] years) in our cohort, with more than half of the patients (55.2%) initially being misdiagnosed with TF, PUD or UTI, causing diagnostic and treatment challenges. This necessitates heightened awareness among healthcare workers and the public. Early HAV diagnosis through targeted laboratory investigations and avoiding unnecessary antibiotics are crucial for effective management and prevention via hygienic and immunization strategies.
Comparative analysis of technological fitness and coherence at different geographical scales
Debates over the trade-offs between specialization and diversification have long intrigued scholars and policymakers. Specialization can amplify an economy by concentrating on core strengths, while diversification reduces vulnerability by distributing investments across multiple sectors. In this paper, we use patent data and the framework of Economic Complexity to investigate how the degree of technological specialization and diversification affects economic development at different scales: metropolitan areas, regions and countries. We examine two Economic Complexity indicators. Technological Fitness assesses an economic player’s ability to diversify and generate sophisticated technologies, while Technological Coherence quantifies the degree of specialization by measuring the similarity among technologies within an economic player’s portfolio. Our results indicate that a high degree of Technological Coherence is associated with increased economic growth only at the metropolitan area level, while its impact turns negative at larger scales. In contrast, Technological Fitness shows a U-shaped relationship with a positive effect in metropolitan areas, a negative influence at the regional level, and again a positive effect at the national level. These findings underscore the complex interplay between technological specialization and diversification across geographical scales. Understanding these distinctions can inform policymakers and stakeholders in developing tailored strategies for technological advancement and economic growth.
Association between gastrointestinal diseases and osteoarthritis risk based on data from NHANES 2011–2018
Osteoarthritis (OA) and gastrointestinal diseases are two significant public health problems. However, the association between the two is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the biological relationship between gastrointestinal diseases and OA using data derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. A total of 8,833 participants registered in the NHANES between 2011 and 2018 were enrolled; 5,044 participants were included in the study after excluding ineligible samples. Three models were constructed to investigate the correlation between gastrointestinal diseases and OA. Risk stratification analysis was conducted, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was employed. Among 5,044 participants, even after stratification, gastrointestinal diseases significantly affected OA occurrence; this effect persisted despite adjusting for all covariates in model 3 (odds ratio = 2.01; 95% confidence interval = 1.23–3.3, p = 0.0069) and was confirmed by risk-stratification analysis. The ROC curve and the smooth curve showed that gastrointestinal diseases increased OA risk. Gastrointestinal diseases are significant risk factors for OA, which indicates a potential theoretical basis for OA prevention.
Elucidation of the Structure–Activity Relationship for Cu-Erionite in the Direct Conversion of Methane to Methanol: An Operando XAS Study
Hidden diversity in neglected structures: A morphological study of the terminalia of Limnocoris Stål, 1860 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Naucoridae), with descriptions of two new species from Brazil and taxonomic notes
Limnocoris Stål, 1860 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Naucoridae) occurs from the United States to Argentina and is the most speciose genus of Naucoridae, with 75 valid species. Four taxonomic revisions were recently published, which facilitates the identification of described species and the discovery of new ones. Nonetheless, the female terminalia of the genus remains mostly unknown and the male genital capsule has been often ignored due to its uniformity among species. This study aims to fill this gap by providing descriptions and photographs of the female terminalia and male genital capsule for 28 species from Brazil, including two that are described here: L. curvipenis n. sp. and L. sitesi n. sp. Both of them display diagnostic characters in the female terminalia, and a distinct male phallosoma is herein recorded for the first time in the genus. The following new synonymies are proposed: Limnocoris intermedius Nieser & Lopez-Ruf n. syn. and L. lanemeloi Nieser & Lopez-Ruf n. syn. as junior synonyms of L. decarloi Nieser & Lopez-Ruf, and L. nigropunctatus Montandon n. syn. as junior synonym of L. pauper Montandon. The following species are resurrected from synonymy and their species status are restored: Limnocoris admontandoni La Rivers stat. restit. from synonymy with L. insignis Stål, and L. sattleri De Carlo stat. restit. from synonymy with L. nigropunctatus. Our work reveals a notable diversity in the female terminalia of the taxa examined and provides a basis for future taxonomic and systematic studies on this and other genera of Naucoridae.
Effects of low-temperature stress at different growth stages on rice physiology, pollen viability and yield in China’s cold region
Low-temperature stress (LTS) is a major limiting factor for rice production in high-latitude regions. Many studies have reported the impacts of LTS on leaf photosynthesis and yield, but few of them explored the response of photosynthesis, chloroplast ultrastructure, pollen fertility, cold stress adaptation to LTS at different growth stages of rice. In this study, we conducted a two-year temperature-controlled field experiment (in 2023 and 2024) to investigate the effects of LTS at the tillering, booting, and heading stages on physiological and biochemical characteristics, plant growth, pollen fertility, and grain yield for a japonica rice cultivar (Longgeng31). The results showed that rice photosynthesis gradually decreased as the LTS temperature was decreasing and the LTS duration was increasing. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) decreased the most at the booting stage, followed by the tillering, and the heading stages. Compared with controlled group (CK), the LTS treatment at 11.5°C for 3–10 days significantly reduced Pn by 52.2% ~ 62.7%, 85.3% ~ 93.9% and 39.3% ~ 44.9%, at the tillering stage, booting and heading stages respectively. Increasing LTS intensity and duration caused distorted chloroplast morphology and reduced plant height. The concentrations of the antioxidant and osmotic regulation systems in rice peaked after 7 days of LTS treatment, indicating that the stress response to LTS showed a trend of initially increasing and subsequently decreasing. The grain yield decreased the most under LTS at the booting stage by 59.30%−88.76% on D10, followed by the heading and tillering stages. After 10 days of exposure to LTS, the pollen viability decreased most significantly at the heading stage by 44.67%, followed by the booting and the tillering stages. These findings could provide a theoretical basis for identifying and evaluating LTS in rice under field conditions, and provide a methodological reference for the identification and monitoring of LTS in other crops, thereby holding significant practical implications.