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Analysis and prediction of hydrogen relative permeability in underground storage systems using machine learning
Specification curve analysis of the TEDDY study reveals large variation in microbiome-based T1D predictive performance
BOLM high resolution land use and land cover dataset and benchmark results for the rapidly developing City of Dhaka Bangladesh
Plasmid dynamics driving carbapenemase gene dissemination in healthcare environments: a nationwide analysis of closed Enterobacterales genomes
LLTH induces white adipose tissue browning via NF κB inhibition in ATM
Interfacial ferroelectricity unlocks stable formamidinium-based perovskites
A novel method based on a multiscale convolution neural network for identifying lung nodules
Decadal trends in global grassland growth peaks and their drivers since the 1980s
A bias-resilient client selection analysis for federated brain tumor segmentation
Microenvironment engineering unveils surface methoxy species origination in zeolite-catalyzed methanol chemistry under mild conditions
Effect of gamma irradiation on the Cu(II), Ru(III) and Pd(II) complexes of azo antipyrine moiety and their biological applications
Abstract Three novel Cu(II), Ru(III), and Pd(II) chelates of the ligand N-(1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)carbonohydrazonoyl dicyanide (HL) were synthesized and fully characterized using IR, NMR, elemental analysis, molar conductivity, melting point, mass spectra, electronic spectra, PXRD, and thermal analysis. Geometry optimization with Gaussian09 confirmed the structures: [Cu(HL)Cl(OH)].H 2 O (B1), [Ru(HL)Cl 2 (OH)(H 2 O)].H 2 O (B2), and [Pd(HL)Cl 2 ].2H 2 O (B3). The antibacterial and anticancer activities of non-irradiated and γ-irradiated complexes were evaluated against multiple bacterial strains and the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The results demonstrated that most of the tested compounds possess broad-spectrum bactericidal activity. The Cu(II) complex (B1) exhibited the highest anticancer activity, followed by Ru(III) (B2), Pd(II) (B3), and the free ligand HL. Moreover, after irradiation, both the ligand and its complexes became more active against tumor cells. Molecular docking studies supported these results, revealing strong interactions with target proteins responsible for microbial and cancer inhibition. This study highlights the novelty of the metal–HL complexes and shows how γ-irradiation can influence their biological behavior. After irradiation, the complexes displayed stronger activity against cancer cells but a reduced effect on bacteria and fungi, pointing to their potential use as selective multifunctional therapeutic agents.
Giant shot noise in superconductor/ferromagnet junctions with orbital-symmetry- controlled spin-orbit coupling
Retraction Note: Intensification of resveratrol cytotoxicity, pro-apoptosis, oxidant potentials in human colorectal carcinoma HCT-116 cells using zein nanoparticles
Rescue of imprinted genes by epigenome editing in human cellular models of Prader-Willi syndrome
Abstract Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genomic imprinting disorder caused by the loss of function of the paternal chromosome 15q11-13, resulting in a spectrum of symptoms associated with hypothalamic dysfunction. PWS patients lack the expression of paternally expressed genes (PEGs) in the 15q11-13 locus but possess an epigenetically silenced set of these genes in the maternal allele. Thus, activation of these silenced genes can serve as a therapeutic target for PWS. Here, we leverage CRISPR-based epigenome editing system to modulate the DNA methylation status of the PWS imprinting control region (PWS-ICR) in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from PWS patients. Successful demethylation in the PWS-ICR restores the PEG expression from the maternal allele and reorganizes the methylation patterns in other PWS-associated imprinted regions beyond the PWS-ICR. Remarkably, these corrected epigenomic patterns and PEG expression are maintained following the differentiation of these cells into hypothalamic organoids. Finally, the single-cell transcriptomic analysis of epigenome-edited organoids demonstrates a partial restoration of the transcriptomic dysregulation observed in PWS. This study highlights the utility of epigenome editing technology as a therapeutic approach in addressing PWS and potentially other imprinting disorders.
A cul-de-sac effect makes Emilia-Romagna more prone to floods in a changing climate
scRNA-seq reveals persistent aberrant differentiation of nasal epithelium driven by TNFα and TGFβ in post-COVID syndrome
Abstract Post-COVID syndrome (PCS) affects approximately 3-17% of individuals following acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and poses a potential global health burden. While improved assessment strategies are emerging, mechanistic insights and treatment options remain limited. This study investigates molecular mechanisms underlying PCS using single-cell RNA (scRNA) transcriptomics combined with in vitro validation. scRNA analysis is performed on nasal biopsies from 25 patients with moderate or severe PCS to investigate differential cell types, signalling pathways, and cell-cell communication. A ir-liquid interface cultures are used to validate findings, focusing on the TNFα-TGFβ axis. Severe PCS shows reduced numbers of ciliated cells, increased immune cell infiltration, and heightened inflammatory signaling that drives TGFβ and TNFα upregulation, in the absence of a detectable viral load. These changes trigger epithelial-mesenchymal transition, basal cell expansion and a mis-stratified nasal epithelium. In vitro experiments confirm TGFβ and TNFα as causal cytokines promoting ciliated cell loss and increased basal cell abundance. These findings indicate a sustained severe PCS is not driven by ongoing viral load but by immune cell activity and chronic cytokine production. Targeting the TNFα-TGFβ axis may mitigate immune-mediated nasal tissue damage and support epithelium restoration, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for PCS.
Unravelling Cu6Sn5 precipitate coarsening mechanisms in SAC solders under thermomechanical cycling
Abstract Thermo-mechanical cycling of microelectronic devices creates complex stress-states in Sn–Ag–Cu (SAC) solder balls, leading to Cu₆Sn₅-precipitate coarsening. Two key mechanisms — strain-induced coarsening and Ostwald ripening — are examined separately. Strain-induced coarsening, studied via plastic shear deformation, is more significant in dynamically recrystallised high-strain regions than in lower-strain shear band regions. Ostwald ripening is investigated via in-situ FESEM, and its interplay with strain-enhanced coarsening is analysed in thermo-mechanically cycled solders with varying Bi-contents. Results show that Bi, solved in the β-Sn matrix, delays dynamic recrystallisation and reduces both strain-enhanced coarsening and Ostwald ripening of Cu₆Sn₅. Nonetheless, Cu 6 Sn 5 -precipitates are 1.5–3 times larger in recrystallised high-strain regions than in single-crystalline lower-strain regions regardless of Bi-content, due to strain-enhanced coarsening during thermo-mechanical cycling. The findings indicate that mechanical strain plays a dominant role in precipitate growth, suggesting that strain-enhanced Cu 6 Sn 5 coarsening, and thusly decreased precipitate strengthening effects, correlate with increased thermo-mechanical fatigue.
Yttrium oxide engineered substrate enables improved durability for perovskite solar cells
Seasonal and spatial dynamics of the microbiome of the polychaete Lanice conchilega in the Wadden Sea
Abstract Rapidly changing abiotic conditions, particularly temperature variations, pose adaptation challenges to many animal communities across the globe. Lanice conchilega , a key polychaete in the ecosystem of the German Wadden Sea, faces an increasing threat hampered by its limited mobility. The microbiome can alleviate stress, alter local environmental conditions, and provide new metabolic capabilities, contributing to host adaptation. To understand the potential roles of the microbiome of L. conchilega , we analysed a broad sample set via 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We compared the bacterial composition of the microbiome of L. conchilega with that of the surrounding sediment, and the effect of seasonality, zonation, tidal, and diurnal cycles. Our findings reveal a set of ASVs exclusive to the microbiome of L. conchilega . Community composition was mostly shaped by seasonality, slightly influenced by zonation, day/night cycles, and tides. Notably, Endozoicomonas ASVs were found only in the L. conchilega microbiome and were particularly abundant during summer. These bacteria, known for their symbiotic relationships, broad metabolic capabilities, and linked to heat resistance in corals, are predicted to contribute unique metabolic functions in L. conchilega . This work provides novel insights into the host-microbiome relationship of L. conchileg a and highlights the potential role of symbionts in the environmental adaptation of these and similar animals.