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Electronic paper could enable virtual reality with human-eye resolution

Dual-Site Cobalt-Doped RuO ₂ /TiO ₂ Electrocatalyst Enables Stable and Cost-Efficient Acidic Oxygen Evolution for PEM Water Electrolysis

Rattle drum-inspired triboelectric nanogenerator with enhanced output using charge dispatch and magnetic repulsion pendulum

Abstract Densifying triboelectric layers benefits triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) by increasing output, improving spatial utilization, and reducing costs. However, structural densification imposes limitations that hinder further output enhancement. A charge dispatch strategy is developed in our proposed rattle drum inspired TENG, which mitigates charge cancellation via path diversion and alleviates electrostatic shielding through mode transformation, yielding over 6x output versus traditional models. Further structural designs to improve layer contact-separation efficiency, including laser etching and contact push pins, raise the triboelectric surface density to 2.76 cm -1 . A comprehensive framework is established, encompassing theoretical modeling, engineering optimization, and extensive experimental validation. Furthermore, the generator can capture weak wave energy when equipped with a magnetic repulsion pendulum, boosting motion amplitude and output by 558% and 1662%, respectively, demonstrating scenario adaptability expansion. Here, we show strategies to further elevate layer density and pathways to enhance TENG output.

FFTMed: leveraging fast-fourier transform for a lightweight and adversarial-resilient medical image segmentation framework

Longer growing seasons will not offset growth loss in drought-prone temperate forests of Central-Southeast Europe

Abstract The radial growth of temperate forests responds to climate change with remarkable variation across space and between species. However, there is limited understanding of how growing season extension and increasing drought stress contribute to long-term growth trends. Here, we calibrate the VS-Lite growth model using 2013 tree-ring chronologies from ten broadleaved and five coniferous genera in Central-Southeast Europe to predict intra-annual wood formation under four SSP climate scenarios through the 21 st century. Results show that forecasted summer drought stress will be temporarily offset by an extended growing season, leading to stable or positive trends in tree-ring widths until a tipping point in the 2040s–2050s. During the second half of the 21 st century, high-emission scenarios lead to growth acceleration in humid coniferous forests due to growing season extension and enhanced growth rate. In contrast, forecasted extension of the growing season is insufficient to compensate for declining summer growth rates at drier sites, resulting in significant growth reduction for all genera, particularly during dry years. Our results demonstrate that adjusting intra-annual wood formation to seasonal moisture availability may become crucial for tree survival in warmer climates. Furthermore, we highlight that only low-emission scenarios support non-declining stem growth in dry forests with current species composition.

Automatic network structure discovery of physics informed neural networks via knowledge distillation

Light-induced pressurization effect in Au–Ni heterostructures for plasmonic photocatalysis

Delayed crystallization response-inspired waterborne polyurethane with high performance

Wildfire smoke and its harmful effects will worsen with climate change

A red fluorescent genetically encoded biosensor for in vivo imaging of extracellular l-lactate dynamics

Spin environment of a superconducting qubit in high magnetic fields

Abstract Superconducting qubits equipped with quantum non-demolition readout and active feedback can be used as information engines to probe and manipulate microscopic degrees of freedom, whether intentionally designed or naturally occurring in their environment. In the case of spin systems, the required magnetic field bias presents a challenge for superconductors and Josephson junctions. Here we demonstrate a granular aluminum nanojunction fluxonium qubit (gralmonium) with spectrum and coherence resilient to fields beyond one Tesla. Sweeping the field reveals a paramagnetic spin-1/2 ensemble, which is the dominant gralmonium loss mechanism when the electron spin resonance matches the qubit. We also observe a suppression of MHz range fast flux noise in magnetic field, suggesting the freezing of surface spins. Using an active state stabilization sequence, the qubit hyperpolarizes long-lived two-level systems (TLSs) in its environment, previously speculated to be spins. Surprisingly, the coupling to these TLSs is unaffected by magnetic fields, leaving the question of their origin open. The robust operation of gralmoniums in Tesla fields offers new opportunities to explore unresolved questions in spin environment dynamics and facilitates hybrid architectures linking superconducting qubits with spin systems.

Optimizing carbon footprint in long-haul heavy-duty E-Truck transportation

Conformational dynamics, RNA binding, and phase separation regulate the multifunctionality of rabies virus P protein

Abstract RNA viruses encode multifunctional proteins to overcome limited genomic capacity and mediate diverse processes in viral replication and host cell modulation. The rabies virus P gene encodes full-length P1 protein and the truncated isoform, P3, which acquires phenotypes absent from P1, including interactions with cellular membrane-less organelles (MLOs) formed by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). This gain-of-function suggests that isoform multifunctionality arises not only from discrete functions of protein modules/domains, but also from conformational regulation involving interactions of the globular C-terminal domain and N-terminal intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). The precise mechanisms underlying gain-of-function, however, remain unresolved. Here, we compare the structure and function of P1 and P3, identifying isoform-specific long-range intra-protomer interactions between the IDRs and C-terminal domain that correlate with conformational states, LLPS behavior, and subcellular localization. Mutations in P3 that alter MLO interactions correspondingly modulate these interactions. P1 and P3 can interact with similar/overlapping sets of MLO-associated proteins and have similar LLPS capacity, but only P3 binds RNA, and this interaction correlates with gain-/loss-of-function mutations. Our findings reveal that conformational differences in isoforms regulate LLPS behavior and contribute to protein-RNA interactions, which controls access to host LLPS structures, uncovering a previously unrecognized strategy in P protein multifunctionality.

World’s smallest 3D bioprinter could rebuild tissue during surgery

Global genomic population structure of wild and cultivated oat reveals signatures of chromosome rearrangements

Abstract The genus Avena consists of approximately 30 wild and cultivated oat species. Cultivated oat is an important food crop, yet the broader genetic diversity within the Avena gene pool remains underexplored and underexploited. Here, we characterize over 9000 wild and cultivated hexaploid oat accessions of global origin using genotyping-by-sequencing and explore population structure using multidimensional scaling and population-based clustering methods. We also conduct analyses to reveal chromosome regions associated with local adaptation, sometimes resulting from large-scale chromosome rearrangements. We report four distinct genetic populations within the wild species A. sterilis , a distinct population of cultivated A. byzantina , and multiple populations within cultivated A. sativa . Some chromosome regions associated with local adaptation are also associated with confirmed structural rearrangements on chromosomes 1A, 1C, 3C, 4C, and 7D. This work provides evidence suggesting multiple polyploid origins, multiple domestications, and/or reproductive barriers amongst Avena populations caused by differential chromosome structure.

Dynamic clinical trial success rates for drugs in the 21st century

Red-Light-Driven C(sp ² )–H Sulfonylation of Anilines Using a Recyclable Benzothiadiazole-Based Covalent Organic Framework

Nanomaterial signatures program biomolecular condensates via triphasic separation for chemoplasticity remodeling

Secondary acceleration of slip fronts driven by slow slip event coalescence in subduction zones

Abstract The coalescence of slow slip events (SSEs) in subduction zones has been proposed as a potential precursor to large earthquakes, yet the physical conditions under which SSE fronts coalesce remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate coalescing SSEs along the Cascadia subduction zone. Using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data, we invert for the spatiotemporal evolution of the slip rate of SSEs from 2012 to 2023. We identify a coalescing event in 2021, which occurred during a phase of SSEs moment rate decrease, contrary to the previously documented 2013 coalescence. Coalescence triggered a secondary increase in slip rate and a rupture expansion in the 2021 event. To explore the mechanisms driving coalescence, we perform numerical simulations based on rate-and-state friction. Our results show that heterogeneity in frictional parameters and effective normal stress influences the occurrence rate and slip rate evolution of coalescing SSEs by modulating their propagation speeds and interaction probabilities. Although coalescing events lack distinct moment–duration or moment–area scaling trends, they are part of the broader class of migrating SSEs, which are associated with a b-value change in the magnitude–frequency distribution. These findings improve our understanding of SSE coalescence, which can potentially influence the timing and extent of future earthquakes.

SND3 is the membrane insertase within a distinct SEC61 translocon complex

Abstract During the biogenesis of most eukaryotic integral membrane proteins (IMPs), transmembrane domains are inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane by a dedicated insertase or the SEC61 translocon. The SRP-independent (SND) pathway is the least understood route into the membrane, despite catering for a broad range of IMP types. Here, we show that Chaetomium thermophilum SND3 is a membrane insertase with an atypical fold. We further present a cryo-electron microscopy structure of a ribosome-associated SND3 translocon complex involved in co-translational IMP insertion. The structure reveals that the SND3 translocon additionally comprises the complete SEC61 translocon, CCDC47 and TRAPɑ. Here, the SEC61β N-terminus works together with CCDC47 to prevent substrate access to the translocon. Instead, molecular dynamics simulations show that SND3 disrupts the lipid bilayer to promote IMP insertion via its membrane-embedded hydrophilic groove. Structural and sequence comparisons indicate that the SND3 translocon is a distinct multipass translocon in fungi, euglenozoan parasites and other eukaryotic taxa.