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On-Surface Synthesis of a Nitrogen-Doped Curved Cycloarene: π-Extended Pentaazaquintulene and Its Gold Complex
Osmotic pressure regulates DNA labelling and transcription with dCas9-SunTag system in live cells
Methylene blue reduces postoperative delirium in mice through neuroinflammation suppression and blood-brain barrier repair
Driving Force Dependent Photoinduced Charge Transfer Dynamics in Polymer-Wrapped Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
High sensitivity pressure and temperature quantum sensing in pentacene-doped p-terphenyl single crystals
Abstract Quantum sensors’ responsiveness to their physical environment enables detection of variables such as temperature (T), pressure (P), and strain. We present a molecular platform for PT sensing using para-terphenyl crystals doped with pentacene (PDP), leveraging optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) of photoexcited triplet electron spins. We observe maximal frequency variations of d f/ d P=1.8 MHz/bar from 0-8 bar and d f/ d T=247 kHz/K from 79–330 K, over 1200 times and threefold greater, respectively, than those seen with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond and > 85-fold greater pressure sensitivity over the previous record. Density functional theory calculations indicate picometer-level PT-induced molecular orbital shifts are measurable via ODMR. PDP offers additional advantages including high sensor doping levels, narrow ODMR linewidths, high contrast, and low-cost single crystal growth. Overall, this work reports low-cost, optically-interrogated PT sensors and lays the foundation for increased versatility of quantum sensors through synthetic molecular design.
CT-based phenotyping of COVID-19: cluster analysis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary imaging markers from a multicentre retrospective cohort study
Dual slow-light enhanced photothermal gas spectroscopy on a silicon chip
Numerical simulation study on the propagation and attenuation of shock waves in ventilation tunnels
Abstract This study systematically investigated the influence of tunnel spatial characteristics on the propagation and attenuation patterns of gas explosion shock waves by establishing models of straight tunnels with varying bending angles and branched tunnels with different branching angles. Results indicate: In single tunnels, increasing curvature angle induces a multi-peak pressure distribution, with peak pressure first rising, then decreasing, and subsequently recovering. A distinct inflection point occurs at a 60° curvature angle. For branched tunnels, when the branching angle is 30° or 45°, the first pressure peak within the branch tunnel increases with distance. However, when the branching angle is 60°, 120°, 135°, or 150°, the first pressure peak first decreases and then increases with distance. Additionally, the attenuation coefficient of the first pressure peak in bifurcated tunnels decreases initially and then increases with increasing bifurcation angle, reaching its minimum around 60°. Although the rate of decrease in explosion pressure within horizontal tunnels diminishes as the bifurcation angle increases, shock wave attenuation in bifurcated tunnels remains overall greater than in straight tunnels. These results reveal the significant influence of tunnel geometry on explosive dynamic response, providing quantitative evidence for optimizing mine tunnel design and enhancing blast resistance safety.
Atomically Precise PbSe Nanocrystal Protected by Carboxylates
Helium isotope anomaly in groundwater prior to the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake
Variable-fidelity EM analysis and simplex-anchored regression surrogates for efficient global optimization of microwave passive circuits
Abstract Formal optimization is nowadays ubiquitous in microwave design. It is frequently conducted using electromagnetic (EM) simulations, which guarantee dependability. Yet, it is computationally expensive. Local tuning may involve hundreds of system analyses, whereas global EM-driven optimization typically generates unmanageable expenses. However, global search is often imperative, for example, in design of miniaturized components, large-scale operating frequency re-design, problems with multiple local optima (design of metasurfaces or frequency selective surfaces). This study suggests a procedure for low-cost globalized optimization of microwave circuits. Its keystones are simplex-based regression surrogates constructed to represent the circuit’s operating parameters. Geometrical simplicity of the surrogate and only a slightly nonlinear relation between the circuit dimensions and operating parameters, as well as conducting global search using low-resolution EM simulations, lead to a remarkable cost efficiency of the algorithm. Meanwhile, the assumed simplex updating rules guarantee convergence. The reliability is secured by a supplementary fine tuning executed using high-resolution EM models. As demonstrated, the presented framework exhibits perfect success rate with satisfactory designs found in each algorithm run out of multiple instances executed. The cost is just sixty high-resolution EM analyses, whereas design quality is competitive over the benchmark methods.
Identification of Transient Intermediates and Active Species in Atomic CZA Catalysts for CO <sub>2</sub> Hydrogenation to Methanol
Factorized embedding of goal and uncertainty in the lateral prefrontal cortex guides stably flexible learning
Common herbicide impairs fertility but not survival in bumblebees, Bombus impatiens
Abstract Insect declines have raised concerns over widespread agrochemical usage. Current environmental risk assessments (ERAs) focus on lethal effects, often neglecting fitness-relevant parameters. Here, we experimentally exposed male bumblebees ( Bombus impatiens ) to a field-realistic concentration of a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) under controlled laboratory conditions to assess potential effects on survival, consumption behavior, and reproductive physiology (i.e., spermatozoa traits). Our results demonstrate that chronic exposure of male bumblebees to GBH significantly enhanced their survival yet reduced living spermatozoa (~ 34%). This highlights a physiological shift, where resources appear prioritized toward survival mechanisms over reproductive investment. Such findings underscore critical false negative results in current ERAs and advocate for incorporating fitness endpoints to better understand and mitigate ongoing insect declines.
Unraveling Exciton-Carrier Correlations in Orthorhombic Lead Halide Perovskite
Cellular and molecular associations with intrinsic brain organization
Abstract Understanding how cellular and molecular architecture underpins the large-scale organization of human brain function is a central challenge in neuroscience. By integrating transcriptomic (microarray and single-nucleus RNA-sequencing), molecular imaging, and neuroimaging datasets, we observe spatial correspondences indicating that the distributions of diverse cell types, neurotransmitter systems, and mitochondrial phenotypes align with intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs). These associations extend beyond local correspondence to reflect network-level structure: inter-ICN similarity networks derived from cellular and molecular profiles recapitulate static and dynamic patterns of functional network connectivity (FNC), mirroring canonical functional domains. Mediation analyses reveal that specific ICNs mediate the relationship between microscale cell-type architecture and domain-specific cognitive processes, while FNCs capture mediating pathways linking cell-type and neurotransmitter similarity networks to cognitive organization. Together, our findings show that the brain’s functional architecture systematically aligns with cellular and molecular organization, which may constrain functional network formation and contribute to the neural basis of cognition.