Browse Articles

Study on the pore structure and CO2 adsorption characteristics of Wudong low-rank coal under the action of bacteria

Solar Lignin Reforming with Tunable Selectivity Using a Hybrid Photocatalyst in Aqueous Solution

Twisted Host–Guest Systems Exhibit Superamplification of Asymmetry via Coupled Strong Association and Helicity-Driven Cooperativity

Multifunctional bioactivity of eco-friendly Penicillium gladioli extract against Toxoplasma gondii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract The soil fungus Penicillium gladioli was identified by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy of the extract showed 50 compounds. Among the detected peaks, n-hexadecanoic acid showed the largest relative peak area (7.989% of the total ion chromatogram), followed by phenol, 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl) (6.543%). Regarding the in vivo anti-toxoplasma potential, there was an enhancement of the histological features of the liver of Swiss albino mice with a substantial decrease ( p  < 0.05) in the inflammatory mediators, including cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β. The colorimetric determination of the nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in the liver of the fungal extract-treated group revealed its antioxidant effect by significantly reducing ( p  < 0.05) the oxidative stress markers. P. gladioli extract established antibacterial potential on P. aeruginosa bacteria with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 64 to 512 µg/ml. Moreover, it demonstrated antibiofilm potential using crystal violet assay and SEM. Also, 45% of the isolates displayed downregulation of the lasR , lecA , and pelA biofilm genes.

Selective Electrochemical C–N Coupling via Synergetic Chemical and Electrochemical Microenvironment Regulation Strategies

Identifying regulators of aged fibroblast activation in 3D tissue models

Abstract Robust 3D tissue culture models to activate aged fibroblasts for cell-based therapies and identify regulators of such activation are still missing. In our previous study, we showed that aged fibroblasts can be activated simply through applying compressive force, without the need for exogenous factors, leading to increased migration. In this study, we develop a pipeline to evaluate the role of specific pharmacological inhibitors for transcription factor inference and cell migration involved in aged fibroblast activation. By integrating RNA-seq data with bioinformatic tools (prize collecting Steiner tree method and iRegulon) we inferred 15 candidates. In addition, we used cell migration and heterochromatin content as readouts for validating these candidates. Furthermore, we identified three potential master regulators of fibroblast activation and rejuvenation: FOXO1, STAT3, and PDK1. These findings offer valuable insights for future drug discovery, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine.

Tuning Interphasial Chemistry with Titanium–Oxo Clusters for High-Energy-Density Lithium Metal Batteries

The impacts of access infrastructure on temperate and boreal peatlands

Crystalline Plumbynes

A case study of the three-dimensional co-seismic ionospheric disturbance evolution

Dual-Donor Doped Perovskite as Bifunctional Oxygen Electrode Catalyst for Reversible Protonic Ceramic Electrochemical Cell

Association between physical activity and handgrip strength among older adults in the Korean longitudinal study of ageing

Temperature-Controlled Chemoselective Editing of Heterostructured Nanorods Using a Broad-Scope Reverse Cation Exchange Reaction

DEPTH2 score was associated with cell proliferation and immune cell infiltrations but not with systemic treatment response in breast cancer

Abstract Intratumoral genomic heterogeneity (ITGH), the existence of genotypic and phenotypic variation within an individual tumor, is known to be a key mechanism in treatment resistance. Deviating gene Expression Profiling Tumor Heterogeneity 2 (DEPTH2) algorithm was developed to estimate ITGH using solely RNA expression data unlike the others that require both DNA- and RNA-expression data. A total of 7508 breast cancer patients from multiple independent cohorts were analyzed using DEPTH2. High DEPTH2 score patients were associated with worse overall survival consistently across all subtypes in SCAN-B, but not in TCGA and METABRIC cohort. Higher scores were also linked to increased cell proliferation, as evidenced by elevated Nottingham histological grades and Ki67 gene expression, as well as enrichment of the cell proliferation-related gene sets, and immune cell infiltrations. DEPTH2 score was significantly higher in triple negative breast cancer among the subtypes but did not reflect with lymph node and distal metastasis. DEPTH2 scores decreased in two but showed no change in another two cohorts after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). This score was not associated with pathological complete response after NAC in any subtypes across 3 cohorts. DEPTH2 score may not capture the entire biological aspects of ITGH in breast cancer patients.

Electroreduction of Aromatic Carboxylic Derivatives to Aldehydes

Analysis of the critical instability load of freeze pipes in coal mine shaft freezing engineering

Stereoconvergent Polymerization Driven by Catalytic Racemization

Design of composite adaptive controller with multilateral adaptive learning mechanism

Abstract To enhance trajectory tracking performance for affine nonlinear systems with parametric uncertainties and improve parameter convergence under interval excitation, this paper proposes a multilateral cooperative adaptive learning mechanism. The initial parameter values are assigned based on available data distribution or predefined bounds when unknown. A composite learning adaptive controller estimates system uncertainties using multilateral learning outputs. Adaptive update laws for unknown parameters and multilateral weights are designed using parameter estimation errors and approximation errors, with a saturation function constraining weight variation rates to suppress oscillations. Experimental results on an inverted pendulum system demonstrate the superiority of the proposed controller over two conventional adaptive controllers.

Conductive Covalent Organic Frameworks as Chemiresistive Sensor Arrays for the Detection and Differentiation of Gasotransmitters

Foveal crowding increases with age under limited viewing conditions