Browse Articles

Dimensionality‐Dependent Pressure‐Induced Emission Memory in Covalent Organic Frameworks

Abstract Stimuli‐responsive luminescent materials with memory effects hold significant promise for advanced applications in optical data storage and pressure sensing. We present the first crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs) exhibiting a pressure‐induced emission memory effect, characterized by persistent pressure‐induced emission enhancement (PIEE) that remains after decompression. Through the synthesis of a dimensional series of tetraphenylethylene‐based COFs—JUC‐730 and JUC‐731 (one‐dimensional, 1D), JUC‐732 (two‐dimensional, 2D), and JUC‐733 (three‐dimensional, 3D)—we systematically investigated how framework dimensionality governs photophysical responses under hydrostatic pressure. Remarkably, the 1D COFs exhibit pronounced PIEE, with JUC‐730 retaining a 2.4‐fold fluorescence enhancement post‐decompression, representing the first observation of an emission memory effect in COFs. In situ FT‐IR, powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), and DFT analyses demonstrate that this memory effect originates from anisotropic unit‐cell contraction, facilitated by conformational locking of flexible aryl–O–aryl (C–O–C) linkages in JUC‐730, which results in a binding energy of ∼4.79 eV that stabilizes the emissive state. By contrast, the 2D and 3D COFs either undergo fluorescence quenching or fail to retain emission enhancement due to irreversible structural changes. These results establish a clear structure–dimensionality–function relationship and provide a design strategy for mechanically programmable luminescent materials with tailored pressure‐responsive properties.

DOGMA: de novo assembly of densely labelled optical DNA maps using a matrix profile approach

In optical genome mapping (OGM), large numbers of individual DNA maps—sequence-specific data series along single DNA molecules—are produced. Such individual maps have to be stitched together in a process called de novo OGM assembly in order to create consensus OGM maps for corresponding regions along the chromosomes. While there are several types of experimental OGM assays, not all of them have de novo OGM assembly tools available. In particular, in densely-labelled OGM there are no such tools. Here, we present and evaluate DOGMA, a de novo OGM assembly algorithm for densely labelled OGM data which uses matrix profiles. Matrix profile has transformed how data mining problems are approached in time series analysis. Yet, this algorithm has not been widely explored outside of the time series community— we here use it for OGM de novo assembly for the first time. Further novelties in our algorithm are the introduction of two scores for each individual alignment, use of p-values, a visual representation as barcode islands and the introduction of a method for generating consensus barcodes using amplitude adjustment. Utilizing p-values helps mitigate the risk of errors in the assemblies as caused by false positives. We demonstrate our algorithm by applying it for de novo OGM assembly of synthetic datasets and of an experimental dataset from an Escherichia coli genome. We validate the assemblies using corresponding reference genomes and investigate the strengths and limitations of the algorithm. De novo OGM assembly of dense optical DNA maps shows promise as a complement or an alternative to current OGM techniques for other types of genome mapping assays. The code is available at: https://github.com/dnadevcode/dogma .

C-spine mutations of protein kinase C and Akt as a novel generalizable approach to create stable pseudokinases

Multi-stage sliding mode control design with optimal state estimator for load frequency regulation in hybrid-source power systems

Steam‐Activated Lattice Oxygen Enhances Interfacial Redox Stability for Low‐Temperature N ₂ O Decomposition over Rh/CeO ₂

Abstract Activation of surface lattice oxygen is crucial for enabling low‐temperature catalytic oxidation reactions. While earlier studies have hinted that steam treatment could enhance the activity of lattice oxygen in CeO 2 supported catalysts, the mechanistic understanding remains superficial. Here, we unravel the origin and role of steam‐activated lattice oxygen in promoting low‐temperature N 2 O decomposition. Using a combination of isotope‐labeled steam (H 2 18 O), in situ ambient‐pressure X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP‐XPS), and in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), we provide direct evidence that high‐temperature steam induces lattice oxygen activation at the Rh–CeO 2 interface. These activated oxygen species facilitate oxygen desorption and enhance the redox cycling stability of Rh and Ce species, dramatically improving catalytic activity at low temperatures. Our findings reveal a previously overlooked pathway for surface lattice oxygen activation and offer mechanistic insights to guide the rational design of efficient low‐temperature redox catalysts.

Marangoni Flow Reinforced Stencil Printing of Perovskite Single‐Crystal Arrays Toward Functional Optoelectronic Devices

Abstract Patterned perovskite arrays with subwavelength nanostructures have greatly accelerated the development of high‐performance and multifunctional optoelectronic devices due to the strong light‐matter interactions. However, the fabrication of perovskite subwavelength nanostructure devices suffers from polycrystalline structure, high cost, long cycle, and low throughput, which limits the application of large‐area, high‐performance, and multifunctional devices. In this study, we innovatively report a high‐throughput and universal wafer‐scale perovskite single‐crystal arrays processing method by synergy of stencil‐assisted printing technique and fluid dynamics modulation, enabling the patterning of perovskite single‐crystal arrays with subwavelength nanostructures, tunable crystal sizes, different band gaps, and substrates. Pure crystallographic orientation, accurate positioning, and high‐quality perovskite single‐crystal arrays with subwavelength nanostructures ensure the realization of a low‐threshold and directional emission laser. Furthermore, high‐performance polarized photodetectors were demonstrated based on single‐crystal arrays with subwavelength nanostructures. This pioneering work provides a new strategy and opportunity for the wafer‐scale integration of perovskite single‐crystal functional optoelectronic devices.

Correction: Activated human B cells produce phospholipase D4-containing extracellular vesicles

LPS induces limited activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in macrophages

Genomic evidence of positive selection highlights functional divergence associated with environmental resilience in central and West African indigenous cattle

Analysis of PM-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure among motorcycle taxi drivers in six central provinces in Thailand in winter

Motorcycle taxis are popular transportation in areas with heavy traffic in Thailand. In this study, we recruited motorcycle taxi drivers in six central provinces in Thailand between January and March 2023 and measured their particulate matter (PM) and PM-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposures using personal air sampling. We found that the PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations measured by personal air sampling were independent of those monitored at air quality monitoring stations or by area air sampling devices. Among the six provinces, motorcycle taxi drivers in Pathum Thani were exposed to the highest mean concentration of PM 10 (224.9 µg/m 3 ), PM 2.5 (410.9 µg/m 3 ), PM 10− bound total PAH (38.4 ng/m 3 ), and PM 2.5 -bound total PAH (36.9 ng/m 3 ). Four workstations (PTT-1 to PTT-4) using 22 samples of PM₁₀ and 25 samples of PM₂.₅ personal air samplers showed unexpectedly higher PM₂.₅ than PM₁₀, likely due to route-specific environmental factors, as drivers follow variable routes determined by passenger destinations and daily demand. The incremental lifetime cancer risk of PM 10− bound PAH and PM 2.5 -bound PAH in Pathum Thani were 4.5 × 10 −8 and 7.8 × 10 −8 , respectively, which were acceptable levels. None of the individuals’ lung function parameters was significantly correlated with the individuals’ concentrations of PM 10 , PM 2.5 , PM 10− bound total PAH, or PM 2.5 -bound total PAH. However, province averages of PM 10 -bound total PAH exposure of motorcycle taxi drivers were positively correlated with the proportions of participants who answered symptoms of chronic bronchitis in the province. The causal relationship between motorcycle taxi drivers’ PM and PM-bound PAH exposure in Pathum Thani and their respiratory symptoms needs to be further investigated.

The E3 ubiquitin ligase SPRYD3-MYCBP2(PAM) regulates mitotic cell fate and ubiquitination of USP11 to control spindle assembly

Learning to compress electrocardiogram signals on a quick response code

Facile ( <i>Z</i> )‐Selective Synthesis of β,γ‐Unsaturated Ketones by a Silicon‐based Olefination Strategy

Abstract A novel silicon‐based olefination strategy to access challenging β,γ‐( Z )‐unsaturated ketones with high diastereoselectivity in a single step from easily accessible, branched vinyl silanes is presented. This new disconnection resolves many longstanding challenges that have prevented general and efficient synthetic approaches to ( Z )‐deconjugated enones, affording a broad scope of this type of alkenes with high functional group tolerance. The developed transformation has been applied as a key step in the synthesis of a range of natural products.

Defect‐Tolerant and Scalable Diffusio–Osmotic Power Generation with Sulfonated Covalent Organic Framework Membrane

Abstract Salinity gradient energy extracted with the reverse electrodialysis technique is attracting great interest and has been suggested as a promising renewable and stable energy source. However, the reverse electrodialysis relies on highly charge‐selective membranes, causing a range of problems including the selectivity–permeability trade‐off, strong concentration polarization, and strict requirement on the material structure, severely limiting its viability for large scale applications. We demonstrate these problems may be addressed by adopting the diffusio–osmosis process to generate power using sulfonated covalent framework membranes (COF), which does not require any charge selectivity. As a result, the membrane shows much higher power density compared to similar‐sized membranes and enables much higher scalability. Remarkably, the generator has loose requirement on material structure and could largely maintain its power generation performance even when a substantial number of pinholes are present. This could make the material fabrication significantly easier than before. We expect our work to advance the practical application of salinity gradient energy extraction.

Household fuel use and migraine among Chinese adults aged 45 years and older: The modifying effects of sleep

Background Various studies have established a link between household fuel use and diverse health conditions. However, research examining the impact of household fuel use on migraine remains scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the association between household fuel use and the risk of migraine, as well as the potential modifying effects of sleep duration. Methods Utilizing a nationwide representative cohort from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011 to 2015, we included 9,160 participants aged 45 years and older who did not have migraine at baseline. Household fuel use was categorized into two groups: clean fuel and solid fuel. Migraine was defined based on self-reports using the ID-Migraine questionnaire. Sleep duration was classified into two groups: Non-ideal sleep duration (&lt;7 hours/d or &gt;8 hours/d) and ideal sleep duration (7–8 hours/d). Cox proportional hazards regression models were utilized to assess the associations of solid fuel use and sleep duration with migraine. The modifying effect of sleep duration was analyzed. Result During a 4-year follow-up period, 520 migraine cases were identified. The use of solid fuels was associated with an increased risk of migraine compared to the use of clean fuels. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was 1.34 (1.06–1.69) for heating and 1.29 (1.06–1.58) for cooking with solid fuels, compared to the use of clean fuels. The use of solid fuels for heating and cooking simultaneously was also associated with an elevated risk of migraine (HR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.16–2.01), compared with the simultaneous use of clean fuels. Additionally, compared with consistent solid fuels users, those switching from solid to clean fuel and consistently using clean fuels for heating and cooking showed a decreased risk of migraine. For heating, the HR was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.49–0.90) for switching from solid to clean fuel and 0.54 (95% CI: 0.38–0.77) for consistently using clean fuels; for cooking, the corresponding HRs were 0.74 (95% CI: 0.57–0.97) and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.53–0.86), respectively. Ideal sleep duration modified the association between solid fuel use and migraine. Among individuals with non-ideal sleep duration, the use of solid fuels for heating (HR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.09–1.97, P = 0.010) and cooking (HR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.02–1.68, P value = 0.034) was significantly associated with an increased risk of migraine. In contrast, these associations were not statistically significant among those with ideal sleep duration (heating: HR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.77–1.65, P = 0.537; cooking: HR: 1.28, 95% CI: 0.90–1.81, P = 0.165). Conclusion Household solid fuel use was associated with an increased risk of migraine, and this association was modified by ideal sleep duration. Reducing exposure to household air pollution from solid fuel use and promoting healthy sleep behaviors may help to reduce the burden of migraine in areas where solid fuel use is prevalent.

Scalable purification enables high-quality virus-like particles for therapeutic translation

Hybrid parameter estimation and sensitivity analysis of PEM fuel cells using Rüppell’s fox optimizer and Sobol metrics

The experience of demoralization syndrome in patients with decompensated cirrhosis: A qualitative research

Demoralization syndrome presents a significant psychological challenge for patients grappling with decompensated cirrhosis, detrimentally impacting their prognosis and quality of life. This study aims to elucidate the experience of demoralization syndrome in these patients and to inform the development of targeted interventions. Through purposeful sampling, semi-structured interviews were carried out with patients receiving treatment at tertiary hospitals in Changsha City, Hunan Province, China, from July to November 2023. Data analysis employed Colaizzi’s seven-step method. Among the 18 participants—comprising 12 males and 6 females, aged between 27 and 60 years—interview data revealed 4 themes and 11 sub-themes, including sources of demoralization syndrome (internal and external factors); impact of demoralization syndrome (sleep disturbance, suicidal ideation, social isolation); coping strategies of demoralization syndrome (submission and endurance, avoidance and concealment, acceptance of confronting); mitigation of demoralization syndrome support needs (medical resources, emotional catharsis, social support). Given the diverse sources and implications of demoralization syndrome in patients contending with decompensated cirrhosis, healthcare professionals should prioritize psychological assessment and formulate multidimensional intervention strategies to alleviate its severity.

Mechanistic insights into cargo sorting and export from the Golgi apparatus

Jade1 and the HBO1 histone acetyltransferase complex are spatial-selective cofactors of the pluripotency transcription factor Oct4