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The complete chloroplast genome of Secale strictum ssp. strictum provides insights into Triticeae evolution and breeding
The Role of Intimate Dipole Carbonyl–Carbonyl and Hydrogen–Carbonyl Interactions in the Stereocomplexation and Crystallization: The Case of Poly(Cyclohexene Carbonate)
Abstract Enantiopure isotactic poly(cyclohexene carbonate) (PCHC) has been synthesized with chiral Zn‐β‐diiminate catalyst. PCHC crystallizes both as enantiopure polymer ( R )‐PCHC and ( S )‐PCHC and upon stereocomplexation of the two enantiomers. We report the crystal structures of the enantiopure polymer and of the stereocomplex ( R / S )‐PCHC and explain their crystallization based on the establishment of multiple attractive H‐‐‐O═C interactions between oxygen atoms of carbonyl groups and the hydrogen atoms of the cyclohexyl rings and C═O‐‐‐C═O intimate dipole interactions between carbonyl groups of chains of opposite chirality in the stereocomplex. The crystal structure of the enantiopure polymer is characterized by chains in 2/1 helical conformation packed in the orthorhombic unit cell with axes a = 11.55 Å , b = 9.42 Å, and c = 7.36 Å, according to the space group P 2 1 2 1 2 1 , with steric interdigitation between chains of similar chirality favored by multiple attractive H‐‐‐O═C interactions. The stereocomplex crystallizes in an orthorhombic unit cell with axes a = 10.40 Å, b = 8.41 Å, and c = 7.36 Å, according to the space group Pbc 2 1 , driven by establishment of additional C═O‐‐‐C═O dipole interactions between carbonyl groups of chains of opposite chirality, besides of the multiple attractive H‐‐‐O═C interactions.
Characterization and inhibitor sensitivity of ARAF, BRAF, and CRAF kinases
Comparative efficacy and safety of injection mucosa knife versus conventional techniques in endoscopic submucosal dissection for rectal laterally spreading tumors
Nitrogen‐Rich MOF‐Material‐Derived Metal Dual‐Atom Platforms for Efficient Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction
Abstract The rational design of asymmetrically coordinated dual‐atom catalysts (DACs) offers new opportunities to overcome intrinsic limitations in selective multi‐electron electrochemical reactions. Here, we present a general synthetic strategy that exploits high‐energy metal‐organic frameworks (EMOFs, such as nitrogen‐rich MOFs) as versatile precursors to construct a diverse library of atomically dispersed and structurally asymmetric DACs. By leveraging the exothermic decomposition and gas‐releasing nature of Zn‐based EMOFs such as Zn(C 2 H 2 N 3 ) 2 (1,2,3‐triazolate, MET‐6), we achieve the in situ formation of porous nitrogen‐doped carbon frameworks embedding various Zn─M (M = Co, Fe, Mn, Pd, Pt, Ni, Ru) dual‐atom sites with tailored asymmetric coordination environments. This far‐from‐equilibrium route enables atomic dispersion while steering the formation of non‐centrosymmetric metal sites that are otherwise challenging to access via conventional thermal treatments. Across the DACs library, the Zn─Co/NC member stands out for electrochemical nitrate reduction (NO 3 RR), delivering a Faradaic efficiency of 98.95% toward NH 3 at −0.4 V. In situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and density functional theory calculations reveal that the asymmetric N 3 Zn─CoN 2 configuration enhances electronic coupling between the two metal centers, optimizes *NOH adsorption, and lowers the activation barrier for key intermediates. This work establishes a broadly applicable route to asymmetric DACs and provides a platform for tailoring active‐site configurations to diverse electrochemical transformations.
A secreted Leishmania metalloprotease manipulates host iron regulation by targeting the DICER1–miRNA pathway
Research on the coupling and coordination of the sports industry and the ecological environment
Glyoxalase 1 is a proadipogenic gene
Development of ultrasonic model-based iterative reconstruction technique for concrete structures with corroded rebars
Power and poison: The intersections of H2S and O2 metabolism
Co-inoculation with Pantoea ananatis D1-28 and Bacillus aryabhattai F promotes the growth of sweet cherry rootstock Gisela 6 under salt stress
High‐Throughput Engineering and Modification of Non‐Ribosomal Peptide Synthetases Based on Golden Gate Assembly
Abstract Non‐ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) are multimodular enzymes that produce complex peptides with diverse biological activities, potentially being used as clinical drugs. However, the pharmaceutical applications of such natural peptides often require further derivatisation and modification of the peptide backbone, mainly performed by chemical synthesis. A sustainable alternative resembles the in vivo engineering of NRPS to change and modify the enzyme properties rationally and, thus, the produced products. The novel NRPS engineering approach, the eXchange Unit Thiolation domain (XUT) concept, allows the efficient modular assembly of different natural NRPS fragments to form hybrid NRPS that produce defined peptides. In this study, we describe a Golden Gate Assembly (GGA)‐based method for efficient high‐throughput generation of novel and engineered NRPS libraries utilising the XUT concept. This method was applied to generate over 100 novel NRPS with the possibility of changing starter, elongation, and termination modules, respectively. Additionally, we applied this method for targeted modification of the xenoamicin biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) xabABCD from Xenorhabdus doucetiae , resulting in the generation of 25 novel xenoamicin derivatives.
Structures of human protein tyrosine phosphatase variants reveal targetable allosteric sites
Influence of short video usage on adolescent’s learning strategies: investigation on teenagers in HeBei North China
Abstract The proliferation of digital devices has led to increased screen time among adolescents, raising concerns about its impact on health, development, and academic performance. This study aimed to investigate the current state of digital screen time associated with short-videos among adolescents, analyze learning strategies across different demographic groups, and evaluate the influence of short-videos on adolescents’ daily lives and learning strategies. A quantitative validation study was conducted with 4515 participants from 18 schools in HeBei province. Data were collected through a questionnaire that included demographic information, reasons for watching short-videos, and Zhang Yeheng’s Learning Strategy Scale. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSSAU software, with non-parametric tests to compare groups. After removing invalid questionnaires, 3028 valid responses were analyzed. Middle school students scored higher in learning strategies than high school students. Participants who owned mobile phones and used these devices primarily on weekends had higher learning strategy scores. Conversely, increased daily screen time was associated with lower learning strategy scores. Short-video usage has a complex impact on adolescent learning strategies. While providing informational resources, excessive use may distract and impair learning outcomes. Collaborative efforts from families, schools, and society are needed to guide healthy short-video usage for adolescents’ learning development.
Engineered Thermostable Chemically Responsive GlowCas9 System for Real‐Time Therapeutic Monitoring Applications
Abstract Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein (Cas) has revolutionized gene therapy applications due to its ease of design and efficiency, albeit accompanied by off‐target effects. Spatiotemporally regulated Cas9 offers safer gene editing methods due to its lower off‐target mediated genotoxicities; however, probing the Cas9 in real time for assessing the delivery efficiency, gene editing timeframe, and spatial target information remains elusive. Here, we report an engineered Cas9 system, GlowCas9, that can be probed chemically in real‐time across all assay systems, including cell lysate, native gel, ex vivo, and in vivo. Importantly, we rationally engineered the Cas9 system to attain remarkable thermostability with enhanced gene editing activities. Besides its sensitive reporter and enhanced gene editing activity, the GlowCas9 system exhibits precision HDR‐based gene knock‐in ability in cells and significantly outperformed the WTCas9. Overall, we report a new thermostable engineered Sp Cas9 system for real‐time theratracking applications compatible with diverse assay formats, including live ex vivo and in vivo. This GlowCas9 system will add a new dimension of non‐invasive real‐time tracking in gene therapy development, both ex vivo and in vivo.
Elevated cellular accumulation of endogenous and exogenous CoQ by altered intracellular trafficking
Similar growth potentials of cyanobacteria and algae explain their coexistence in desert soils
Abstract In deserts that cover one-third of the Earth’s terrain, soil cyanobacteria and algae are key carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) fixers because few other plants can tolerate intense solar radiation, prolonged desiccation, and extreme temperature shifts. Extensively studied resilience of cyanobacteria and algae to environmental stresses explains their survival in deserts rather than their ubiquitous coexistence. To coexist, prokaryotic cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae need to grow at similar rates on rare occasions when vital water becomes available. To test that, we incubated illuminated soil samples collected in the Negev desert after rainfall and dewfall events with 14 CO 2 and microdissected cyanobacteria and algae separately from the soil to determine group-specific CO 2 fixation potentials. We found that the mean biovolume-specific C-fixation rates of cyanobacteria were 2.5-3.0 times higher than the mean rates of algae, irrespective of the region. These reproducible results suggested that cyanobacteria could grow faster than algae and outcompete them. However, because the carbon content of the cyanobacterial biovolume is ~ 2.5 times higher than the carbon content of the algal biovolume, their mean doubling times are, in fact, similar. Therefore, once it rains, desert cyanobacteria and algae can grow at similar rates, and that explains their recurring coexistence in desert soils.
Photooxidation‐Induced Ultrabright and Ultraphotostable NIR‐II Emissive Water‐Soluble Gold Nanoclusters
Abstract The long‐standing issues of photobleaching and low photoluminescence quantum yield (QY) in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) region greatly hinder the luminophore's downstream applications. Herein we developed an ingenious method of continuous light illumination to achieve water‐soluble gold nanoclusters with both ultra‐high QY in NIR‐II region (∼14% in H 2 O, ∼60% in D 2 O, the highest QY among NIR‐II emitting water‐soluble nanoclusters with typical QY<1%) and ultra‐high photostability where emission remained completely unchanged under several hours’ illumination. Photooxidation‐induced transformation of Au 38 (pMBA) 24 to Au 76 (pMBA) 44 (pMBA = 4‐mercaptobenzoic acid) has been demonstrated to be the mechanism of the emission enhancement. The accelerated inter‐system crossing rate, extended lowest triplet lifetime, and suppressed nonradiative decay collectively contribute to the higher QY of Au 76 (pMBA) 44 . This photooxidation strategy opens a new pathway to the development of more highly emissive and photostable luminophores.