Browse Articles

A randomized phase 2 clinical trial to treat moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis patients with high-induction dosing of risankizumab

High gain non-isolated step-up DC-DC converter proper for renewable energy applications

Understanding How Aspirin Prevents Metastasis

Hepatic metabolic reprogramming in male mice during short-term caloric restriction involves enhanced glucocorticoid rhythms

Abstract Caloric restriction prolongs lifespan and preserves health across species, with feeding times synchronized to day–night cycles further maximizing benefits. However, the mechanisms linking diet, diurnal rhythms, and lifespan remain unclear. In mice, the time point most strongly tied to dietary effects on lifespan coincides with the peak of glucocorticoid secretion (ZT12, lights-off). Caloric restriction raises circulating glucocorticoid hormone levels, implicating these signals as candidate mediators for its benefits. Here we show that in the liver, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is required for the metabolic response to caloric restriction. Hepatocyte-specific GR mutant males fail to mount this response, indicating that increased glucocorticoid amplitude is necessary for the adaptation. Using multiomics, we find that nutrient deprivation elicits a nuclear switch from active STAT signaling to increased FOXO1 activity, enabling GR to activate diet-specific gene expression programs. Our results suggest that glucocorticoid rhythms are crucial for caloric restriction-induced metabolic reprogramming.

Exploring the molecular interaction of bioactive peptides with antioxidative, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory attributes from sheep milk fermented with lactobacillus and yeast

Enhancing FDA Drug-Safety Surveillance — Beyond Releasing Daily Adverse-Event Data

This AI model ‘studied’ physics — and learnt to forecast extreme weather

Improved radiation resistance in metals via adaptive martensitic transformation

Characterization of gastric ulcer influenced by hot-humid environment and high-sugar and high-fat diet provides a further insight into its underlying mechanism

Bedside to Bench — AI and the New Science of Medicine

Remimazolam alleviates cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury of rats by inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pyroptosis

Cobalt-Catalyzed Photoelectrochemical Dehydration of Primary Alcohols

Cost effectiveness of first line nivolumab plus bevacizumab and chemotherapy for advanced non squamous non small cell lung cancer

Eye movements do not preferentially test inferences in the blind spot

Abstract Humans make eye movements to regions of high uncertainty to maximize the information gain in their visual search. Along with veridical sensory information, there is also perceptually inferred information that arises at the gaps caused by anatomical or environmental factors. It is unclear how those inferences are treated in comparison to veridical information during search behavior. Here, in two experiments, we tested if eye movements are preferentially directed towards the blind spot as an area of high uncertainty and high information gain in a monocular visual search task. The results show that the first saccade was not directed primarily to the blind spot when “invisible” targets in the left and right blind spot occured interleaved. Only when viewing conditions were blocked, such that “invisible” targets occured always in the same blind spot side, participants learned to look preferentially at the blind spot. These results show that perceptual inferences in the blind spot are not preferentially tested by eye movements in general, but that they can be optimized by using contextual information.

Potential-Driven Selective Na Metal Deposition-Enabled Interphase with High Lithium Dendrite Suppression Capability

Oxidative DNA damage induced by 3,4-diOH-TAM, a tamoxifen metabolite, in relation to endometrial carcinogenesis

Ring Protonation Regulates the Homogeneous Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction Mediated by Manganese Phthalocyanine

Chronic gut inflammation differentially modulates mitochondrial and antioxidant transcriptional programs in limbic brain structures

A Constrained Structural Symmetry Strategy for Nickel-Catalyzed Olefin Polymerization and Copolymerization with Polar Monomers

A two-rescuer-method significantly alters CPR-quality during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in an airliner cabin - a randomized, controlled manikin trial

Abstract Between 1/15,000–1/50,000 passengers suffer in-flight medical emergencies (IFME) with cardiac arrest accounting for 0.3 %. Confined space can have a negative impact on quality of chest compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), thus we have conducted a randomized controlled study to find the most effective approach of performing CPR in a one – vs. two-rescuer method in a simulated airliner cabin. We randomized 20 healthcare professionals to perform a set of 10 min Basic Life Support (BLS, chest compressions and bag-mask-ventilation) in a one- vs. two-rescuer scenario and in confined space vs. open space in a randomized order using a full-body manikin. The primary outcome was compression depth as sensitive marker for differences in CPR-quality. The study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02002481). Mixed ANOVAs with post-hoc false-discovery-rate adjusted pairwise comparisons indicated that one- vs. two-rescuer method showed differences in no-flow-time (confined: 8.05 ± 0.17 vs. 24.25 ± 1.05 s/2min and open space: 7.51 ± 0.02 vs. 21.31 ± 0.43 s/2min; p < 0.001) and missing releases (confined: 27.09 ± 5.55 vs. 46.64 ± 9.66 number/10 minutes and open space: 27.09 ± 2.44 vs. 43.36 ± 6.4 number/10minutes; p < 0.001). A confined space significantly elevated no-flow-time in the two-rescuer-method vs. the one-rescuer-method (24.24 ± 1.06 s/2min vs. 21.26 ± 0.44 s/2min; p < 0.001), whereas compression frequency and compression depth were different but still within the current recommendations of ERC/AHA in both methods per condition. Limited space in an airliner cabin has significant impact on no-flow-time in a two-rescuer-method. In case of CPR and limited access to the patient, we recommend a one-rescuer-method as first approach to ensure early and high-quality CPR for experienced personnel.