Browse Articles

Efficient convolutional neural networks for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia prediction in computer vision

Cell-specific delivery of GJB2 restores auditory function in mouse models of DFNB1 deafness and mediates appropriate expression in NHP cochlea

An approach to the QHE in 3D electron systems

Flash annealing boosts piezoelectricity of PVDF-TrFE

Whole-genome sequencing to explore genomic profile, pathogenicity, virulence motifs, and pangenome of clinical MRSA isolates

Accurate imputation of pathway-specific gene expression in spatial transcriptomics with PASTA

Harnessing fluorescence for advanced characterization of textile microfibre emissions

Abstract The rise in use of synthetic textiles, driven by low production costs and the fast fashion model, has significantly increased microplastic pollution in our environments causing both physical and chemical damage. To combat this, upstream solutions within the design and production stages of textiles is essential. However, advancements in eco-design parameters leading to the monitoring of reduced microfibre shedding are hindered by labour-intensive methods, high variability due to counting biases, and complications caused by high contamination encountered in textile testing laboratories. This research overcomes these issues by application of disperse fluorescent dye to polyester fabric before laundering, enabling detailed post-laundering microscopy analysis supported by semi-automated counting methods. The fluorescent dye penetrates the fibre matrix, enhancing the detection sensitivity of smaller, irregular fibre fragments by up to 280%. This advancement has significant implications for assessing the environmental impact of released pollutants and improving capture technologies. This methodology enables design and production parameters to be quickly and reliably analysed to address microfibre shedding. Routine analysis of microfibre shedding within the textile industry is essential for supporting legislation that will encourage more sustainable practises and ultimately mitigate the environmental impact of synthetic textiles.

Flips reveal the universal impact of memory on random explorations

Contrasting outcomes of inherited <i>NOD2</i> loss-of-function variants on immunotherapy response in cancer

Reward design and hyperparameter tuning for generalizable deep reinforcement learning agents in autonomous racing

Multi-layered transcriptional control of glycogen metabolism coordinates thermogenic remodeling of white adipocytes in male mice

Abstract Thermogenic activation of subcutaneous white adipocytes requires glycogen synthesis and turnover. Here we show that β-adrenergic stimulation induces a distinct glycogen metabolism gene program in inguinal white adipose tissue in a cell-autonomous and adipocyte-specific manner. Among these, Gys2 and Ppp1r3c are rapidly induced following acute β3-adrenergic receptor activation. We identify Gys2 as a direct transcriptional target of PKA-CREB signaling. In contrast, sustained expression of glycogen metabolism genes under chronic β3-adrenergic activation requires the coactivator PGC1α, whose loss blunts glycogen accumulation and thermogenic capacity. Mechanistically, PGC1α cooperates with estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) to regulate chromatin accessibility and gene transcription. Although deletion of ERRα is compensated by ERRγ, combined deletion of ERRα/β/γ abolishes expression of glycogen metabolism and thermogenic genes. Chromatin profiling confirm that ERRs directly control the glycogen metabolic program in beige adipocytes. Together, our results identify a multilayered transcriptional axis that sustains glycogen metabolism during β-adrenergic activation in male mice.

Fluid balance and electrolyte losses in collegiate male soccer players in practice and game under different environments

Molecular insights into ago-allosteric modulation at cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2

Abstract Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor CysLT2R, which is activated by the endogenous cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4, has emerged as a potential therapeutic target due to the involvement in various inflammatory diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates that CysLT2R is also involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and contribute to tumor progression in cancer. However, the structural basis underlying the ligand recognition and the receptor activation remains to be elucidated. Here, we present two cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the human CysLT2R-G q complexes bound to LTC4 and LTD4. CysLTs are characterized as ago-allosteric modulators (ago-PAMs) of CysLT2R. Our structures reveal that CysLTs are recognized by a lipid-facing pocket above intracellular loop 2 (ICL2) near the cytoplasmic side of the receptor. Furthermore, a noncanonical activation mechanism exists between the allosteric binding pocket and the G q -binding site. Our findings provide comprehensive insights into the recognition of CysLTs and G q protein signaling transduction by CysLT2R, which may facilitate rational design of drugs.

Reply to Bousdar et al.: Common inherited loss-of-function mutations in the innate sensor <i>NOD2</i> contribute to exceptional immune response to cancer immunotherapy

Retraction Note: Synergistic effects of combinatorial chitosan and polyphenol biomolecules on enhanced antibacterial activity of biofunctionalized silver nanoparticles

Construction of an enterprise-level global supply chain database

A retrospective cohort study on the association between allergic rhinitis, sublingual immunotherapy, and COVID-19 symptomatology

Capturing coherent pseudorotation through conical intersection in photoionized benzene

Cost-effectiveness of intradiscal injection with condoliase versus microendoscopic discectomy for lumbar disc herniation: a retrospective multicenter study

Cascades of effectiveness of next-generation insecticide-treated nets against malaria, from entomological trials to real-life conditions

Abstract As insecticide resistance spreads in Africa, next-generation insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are increasingly being deployed to protect vulnerable populations against malaria. While these nets provide greater entomological efficacy against resistant mosquitoes, their effectiveness against malaria transmission also depends on other factors, such as durability, access, usage, and activity patterns of hosts and vectors. Here, we quantify the impact of two next-generation ITNs, namely Interceptor®G2 (chlorfenapyr-pyrethroid) and Olyset® Plus (piperonyl butoxide-pyrethroid), in a cascade from entomological efficacy to population-level effectiveness. We use a mathematical model that we parameterize with entomological data and validate against results from randomized controlled trials. We found that, beyond entomological factors, operational factors including functional survival, ITN use and in-bed exposure critically impact ITN effectiveness overall and per ITN types. Our results obtained for Tanzania can be extended to other contexts in a dashboard allowing users to explore product selection based on setting-specific factors that influence ITN effectiveness.