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Lipocalin-2 upregulation in hypoxic murine osteocytes enhances RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis
Lidar-inertial SLAM method integrated with visual QR codes for indoor mobile robots
A directed weighted network approach for hazard chain risk assessment including heavy rainfall induced geological disasters and flooding
Urban flood risk assessment based on the combination weight of game theory: a case study of Jinan City, China
Changes in interictal cerebral blood flow observed in migraine patients who respond to anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide therapy
Synergistic effects of surfactants and compound acids on the mechanical and microscopic properties of coal
Abstract This study examines the effects of synergistic treatment with surfactants and compound acids on the mechanical properties (e.g., strength and deformation characteristics) and microscopic features (e.g., pore structure, surface wettability, and chemical composition) of coal. The results indicate that acid treatment weakens coal strength, and the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) further exacerbates this effect. Acidification significantly reduces acoustic emission energy, electromagnetic radiation energy, and infrared radiation temperature released by coal. Moreover, SDS modifies the chemical structure of coal, reducing aromatic content by ~ 30% and fat content by ~ 50% compared to untreated coal. Under the synergistic effect of SDS, acid-induced erosion reaches its maximum. The decrease in fractal dimensions D W and D S indicates that SDS promotes coal pore connectivity. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the synergistic interaction between surfactants and compound acids enhances water molecule diffusivity, improving coal wettability and promoting pore and fracture network development. This synergistic effect not only further reduces coal strength but also significantly enhances permeability, which is vital for mitigating stress accumulation in coal seams. This provides critical theoretical and technical guidance for the effective prevention and control of dynamic disasters such as rock bursts.
Integrated multispectral remote sensing and field investigations for delineating ophiolitic complexes of Wadi Ghadir southeastern desert Egypt
Abstract This study addresses the long-standing challenge of accurately distinguishing ophiolitic rock units in the structurally complex terrains South Eastern Desert of Egypt’s. By integrating multispectral satellite data from Sentinel 2 and Landsat 9 (OLI 2) with substantial field investigation and petrographic analyses, this research proposes an enhanced methodological framework for precise lithological mapping of the Wadi Ghadir ophiolitic complex. Advanced enhanced digital image processing methods for False Color Composites (FCC), Band Ratios (BR), Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Maximum Likelihood (ML) classification were systematically applied and evaluated. A newly proposed band ratio combination of Landsat-9 (6/7, 6/5, 6/3) proved highly effective in differentiating serpentinite, talc-carbonate, metagabbro, sheeted dykes, and pillow lavas, while PCA and MNF transforms improved separation of granitic, metasedimentary, and volcanic units. The resulting 1:25,000 scale geological map demonstrates the innovation of integrating complementary satellite sensors with ground validation to overcome spectral confusion and mapping limitations typical of Neoproterozoic ophiolitic terranes. This integrated workflow enhances geological interpretation accuracy and provides a cost effective, reproducible approach for regional mineral exploration and mapping in similar environments.
Sustainable HPLC method for simultaneous determination of Cefazolin, Sulfadimidine, and Marbofloxacin residues in milk
Abstract Antibiotic residues in milk pose a food safety risk by promoting antimicrobial resistance and causing toxic effects in consumers. This study developed and optimized a sensitive chromatographic method for the simultaneous quantification of Cefazolin (CFZ), Sulfadimidine (SDD), and Marbofloxacin (MFC) residues in milk. These antibiotics are commonly used as a combination therapy for managing cattle metritis. Separation was performed on a C18 column with UV detection at 270 nm. The eluent consisted of a 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 3), acetonitrile, and methanol in a 60:35:5 ratio, flowing at 1.0 mL/min. Sample preparation included protein precipitation with acetonitrile, followed by dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) using Enhanced Matrix Removal-Lipid (EMR-L) tubes to remove interfering lipids. Validation per ICH-Q2R1 showed a linearity range of 0.0125–0.5 µg/mL for CFZ and MFC and 0.025–0.5 µg/mL for SDD, with LOD/LOQ values between 0.01 and 0.015 µg/mL and % recoveries between 97.67% and 98.89%. The method effectively quantified the studied drug residues in real cattle milk samples after their withdrawal period, with no significant differences in accuracy or precision versus established methods. Additionally, an assessment of the method’s sustainability (Eco-scale: 71, AGREE: 0.69, RGB12: 88.8) confirmed its compliance with green and white analytical chemistry principles.
Machine learning analysis of Iran’s wildfire landscape and anthropogenic influences
Abstract Wildfires pose significant challenges globally, including in Iran. This study analyzes wildfire occurrences in Iran from 2001 to 2022, using NASA FIRMS’ active fire detections MCD14DL data. To enhance the reliability of this satellite-based dataset, particularly in data-scarce regions like Iran, we applied a multi-sensor cross-validation framework before modeling. We also aim to examine the country’s wildfire dynamics over two decades, employing k-means clustering to categorize wildfires into ten clusters, delineating fire zones. Two random forest regression models explore the relationships between annual CO 2 emissions, indicative of human activities, and average temperature, a proxy for climate variability, with wildfire occurrence. Our findings reveal a notable escalation in the frequency and intensity of wildfires across Iran during the study period. Specifically, the western and southwest regions, designated as Zone 05, emerge as highly affected areas, recording 162,734 fires despite their smaller size. The years 2015–2018 stand out as critical, marked by heightened wildfire activity and rapid annual fluctuations. Interestingly, the regression analysis shows a strong correlation between CO 2 emissions and wildfire activity, which highlights the significant influence of human activities. In contrast, the weaker link with the average temperature suggests that climate variability plays a comparatively smaller role in shaping wildfire patterns in Iran during the study period . This study provides insights into Iran’s wildfire patterns, revealing that the wildfire regime in Iran is evolving mainly through event frequency rather than fire intensity. These results emphasize the need for stakeholders to understand these dynamics thoroughly for effective mitigation strategies against the environmental and economic challenges posed by wildfires in the region.
An audit of corporate decarbonisation ambition against low carbon futures
Abstract Atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration has been steadily increasing since the 19th century, causing global warming. Despite efforts to reduce emissions, current projections anticipate a significant increase in global surface temperature by the end of the century, which may push us beyond a safe and just operating space. We must develop emissions pathways that consider renewable technology innovation, climate policy development and consumer behaviour change. In this manuscript we assess corporate emissions reduction ambition in the context of reduction pathways, and in doing so show that company reporting has reached a scale and quality that it can be used to supplement global emissions forecasting. We find emissions disclosures of target-setting companies to account for roughly 20% of global $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ emissions and 60% of global market capitalisation. Of these, we find near-term targets to be consistent with the aggressive reduction requirements of the divergent net-zero scenario published by the Network for Greening the Financial System, but commitments to 2050 are lacking. There is a large disparity between the total market capitalisation of disclosing companies and the total emissions they cover, a disconnect which we emphasise must be addressed by future policy.
Integrated morphological, molecular, histological, and antimicrobial analysis of the leather leaf slug Eleutherocaulis alte from Assiut Governorate, Egypt
Abstract The leatherleaf slug Eleutherocaulis alte from Assiut Governorate, Egypt, was investigated using an integrative approach combining morphological, molecular, histological, and bioactivity analyses. Morphological characterization revealed a dorsoventrally flattened body with a brown dorsal surface marked by a pale median line, dark spots, and a narrow central foot. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene sequencing confirmed its identity as E. alte , showing 98.23% similarity to Laevicaulis alte , and the sequence was deposited in GenBank (OR162029). Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated porous mucus-secreting surfaces essential for locomotion and adhesion, while histological examination revealed distinct secretory cell types within the epidermal and subepidermal layers, including a suprapedal gland producing mixed acidic and neutral mucopolysaccharides. Bioactivity assays indicated that the crude mucus exhibited potent antimicrobial activity, particularly against Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans , with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 7.8 µg/mL and 3.9 µg/mL, respectively. The crude mucus showed significantly greater antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as C. albicans compared to the corresponding positive controls (gentamicin or fluconazole; P < 0.05 − 0.001). However, it exhibited no inhibitory effect against Aspergillus niger , collectively, these findings provide novel taxonomic, anatomical, and biomedical insights into E. alte , and highlight its mucus as a promising natural source of antimicrobial agents.
Calcium ions play a critical role in calcification of Corynebacterium matruchotii
Effect of processing methods on mineral bioaccessibility in common beans
Design and evaluation of a knowledge-based ECG noise filtering framework
Multifunctional fast-curing polyaspartic ester polyurea/PANI-CsC@TiO2 composite coatings with antistatic and anticorrosion properties
Tailoring, spectroscopic, DFT, solvatochromic, antitumor, and molecular docking studies of new polynuclear Cu(II)-hydrazone complexes
Abstract Hydrazones and their metal complexes have acquired a lot of interest because of their various biological and catalytic applications. The reaction of the symmetrical hydrazone (NBHD) with Cu(II) salts, including Cl − , Br − , and SO 4 2− , has been investigated. The structures of Cu-NBHD complexes were explored by using various spectroscopic and analytical tools. Fluorescence spectra for NBHD and Cu(II)-NBHD complexes were recorded in a large number of solvents to probe their solvatochromic manners. Theoretical calculations for NBHD and Cu-NBHD complexes were conducted, and the results were correlated with the experimental data. The anticancer action of Cu-NBHD complexes was investigated towards Hepatocellular carcinoma and the results were supported by molecular docking studies. The Cu-NBHD complexes have distorted octahedral geometrical structures as evidenced from magnetic moment, electronic and ESR spectral data. NBHD acts as a bis (monoanionic bidentate) in case of Cl − and Br − ions and bis (neutral bidentate) in case of SO 4 2− ion. The coordinating sites are phenolic oxygen and azomethine nitrogen atoms. In case of bromo and sulfato complexes, binuclear complexes were obtained. However, a tetranuclear complex was obtained in case of the chloro complex. DFT calculations for NBHD and Cu-NBHD complexes were performed, and the results were correlated with the practical results. All Cu-NBHD complexes exhibited anticancer activity towards Hepatocellular carcinoma. The bromo complex 2 showed an enhanced activity than that of cis Pt. Using different copper(II) salts gives different bi- and tetra-nuclear complexes. Al complexes exhibited anticancer activity towards Hepatocellular carcinoma and the bromo complex 2 showed enhanced activity than that of cis Pt. The encouraging activity prompts further studies about the complex as an antitumor agent.
Utility of the Swedish Anticholinergic Burden Scale in a memory clinic setting: a comparison with the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden scale
Abstract Anticholinergic burden is associated with cognitive impairment, especially in older individuals with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. The objective of the study was to explore the use of drugs displaying anticholinergic properties and examine the utility of the newly developed Swedish Anticholinergic Burden Scale (Swe-ABS) in a memory clinic setting. A descriptive cross-sectional study, involving individuals ≥ 50 years of age attending a memory clinic in southern Sweden between September 2017 and September 2021. In total, 657 individuals, mean age 72.4 ± 9.0 years, 375 (57.1%) males, were included. The study population used 4805 medications at an average of 7.3 ± 4.3 per individual. A total of 448 (68.2%) participants used drugs with any anticholinergic effects identified with the Swe-ABS of whom 179 (27.2%) had a high anticholinergic burden (i.e., Swe-ABS ≥ 3). The corresponding figures for the established Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) scale were 314 (47.8%) and 97 (14.8%) respectively. The mean Swe-ABS score was significantly higher than the mean ACB score (1.7 and 1.0; p < 0.05). Individuals < 75 years had a significant higher Swe-ABS score and ACB score than individuals ≥ 75 years (Swe-ABS: < 75 years: 1.94 ± 2.20 and ≥ 75 years: 1.50 ± 1.54; p < 0.05; ACB: < 75 years: 1.13 ± 1.57 and ≥ 75 years: 0.80 ± 1.14 p < 0.05). Within the study population, a total of 64 drugs not listed in the Swe-ABS were identified. This study highlights the prevalence of drugs with anticholinergic effects among individuals presumably vulnerable to muscarinic antagonism. The Swe-ABS, a risk scale for ascertaining the anticholinergic burden, seems to effectively identify a substantial proportion of drugs commonly used on the Swedish market. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, TRN: NCT03208569, Registration date: 27 June 2017.