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Modified vedic multiplier architecture using Nikhilam and Karatsuba algorithms with hybrid adders for enhanced performance
Deep neural collaborative filtering model for personalized travel recommendation
GCN2 is activated by methyl jasmonate through GCN1 and reactive oxygen species in Arabidopsis thaliana
Abstract Plant growth and productivity rely on rapid energy management strategies to adapt dynamic environments. Previous work in Arabidopsis thaliana identified a fast-regulatory switch linking cytosolic translation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling, where the protein kinase general control of nonderepressible (GCN)2 is rapidly activated in response to ROS under numerous stresses and phosphorylates the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF)2α as a potential stress mitigation mechanism. Here, we test the hypothesis that the Arabidopsis GCN2-eIF2α’s responses towards the plant defense hormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) are regulated by light, ROS, and the conserved GCN2 activator protein, general control of non-derepressible 1 (GCN1). We show that eIF2α phosphorylation (P-eIF2α) under MeJA stress requires light and is suppressed by antioxidants and photosynthetic inhibitors. GCN1 is essential for this activation, as gcn1 mutant seedlings show reduced P-eIF2α in response to MeJA. Physiologically, both gcn1 and gcn2 mutants exhibit enhanced sensitivity to MeJA in a primary root growth assay. Surprisingly, despite impaired signaling, gcn2 mutants maintain wild-type-like protein synthesis rates under MeJA stress, as shown by polysome profiling and puromycin labeling. Combined, we provide fresh insights into the activation of the Arabidopsis GCN2-eIF2α module in response to MeJA stress by ROS and the GCN1 protein.
Urinary incontinence 12 years after obstetric anal sphincter injury in a longitudinal case control study
Abstract Evidence on long-term urinary incontinence (UI) after obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) is scarce. This longitudinal case-control follow-up study assessed the evolution of urinary symptoms and their impact on quality of life 12 years after vaginal delivery in women with and without OASIS, comparing the findings with previous data from the same study population. A questionnaire, including the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6; evaluating the degree of bother caused by UI) and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7; evaluating the impact of UI on quality of life), was mailed to 242 previous participants (63 women with OASIS and 179 matched controls). The participation rate reached 76%. At 12 years postpartum, mean IIQ-7 scores were similar between groups (1.1 ± 2.6 for OASIS vs. 0.8 ± 1.7 for controls, p = 0.300). The UDI-6 scores increased significantly across the entire cohort (2.5 at 6 years vs. 3.3 at 12 years, p < 0.001), with a more pronounced rise in the control group (2.3 at 6 years vs. 3.2 at 12 years, p < 0.001) compared to the OASIS group, where the difference was not statistically significant (3.0 at 6 years vs. 3.5 at 12 years, p = 0.379). At 12 years, the severity of urinary symptoms and their impact on quality of life were comparable between women with OASIS and those without, contrasting with findings at 6 years. Within the entire cohort, the severity of UI symptoms progressed significantly over time.
Gaze patterns during visual mental imagery reflect part-based generation
Abstract Eye movements during visual mental imagery resemble those made during prior perception. Across two experiments, we investigated whether eye movements during imagery reflect a part-by-part generation of mental images, by comparing gaze patterns during mental imagery to those during part-based viewing (using a gaze-contingent window, GCW) and to those during holistic viewing (using an artificial scotoma, AS). In Experiment 1, participants freely encoded and imagined pictures before reinspecting them either part-by-part (GCW condition), or holistically (AS condition). The results show that fixation scanpaths (MultiMatch) and refixation patterns (recurrence quantification analysis) during mental imagery largely mirror those during GCW viewing. In Experiment 2, we examined whether this effect depends on prior perceptual encoding. Pictures were initially encoded either freely, with the AS, or with the GCW, and subsequently imagined. The results show that regardless of how the pictures were initially encoded, gaze patterns during mental imagery systematically resembled part-based perception. The current study provides direct evidence that eye movements during mental imagery reflect a part-by-part generation process of the imagined content, independent of prior perceptual encoding.
Agriculture surrounding monitoring and object identification based on optimized you only look once and single shot multibox detector setups using combined vision and thermal images
Relationships between nutrition, training frequency, and anthropometric characteristics in elite archers
Secure multi-party test case data generation through generative adversarial networks
Optimization and performance evaluation of a fully biodegradable dust suppressant with ternary synergistic effect
Effect of magnesium oxide on mechanical behavior of jute fiber reinforced epoxy bio nanocomposite
Abstract This work investigates how magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles affect the mechanical performance of jute fiber–reinforced epoxy bio-nanocomposites. Three composite variations were generated using hand lay-up (HLU): one without MgO, one with 2% MgO, and another with 4%. The laminate surface was uniformly subjected to a controlled load of 30 kg using a flat steel plate and mechanical weights to ensure homogeneous bonding. All samples were cured accordingly. Tensile and flexural tests as well as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were used together to evaluate structural and chemical properties. Tensile test results revealed that the MgO-free composite exhibited higher tensile strength and stiffness, whereas the 2% MgO composite showed higher strain at failure, indicating improved ductility and toughness. This highlights a clear trade-off between strength and ductility depending on MgO content. Though all samples showed similar flexural strength, which is 39 MPa, flexural analysis revealed that the MgO-free composite had the greatest flexural modulus, which is 320.542 MPa, while the 2% MgO composite showed the lowest, which is 264.123 MPa. FTIR verified interactions between MgO and the epoxy matrix on a chemical level. Peaks at 3286 cm⁻¹, 1712 cm⁻¹, and 1264 cm⁻¹ in the MgO-free composite matched hydroxyl, carbonyl, and ester groups. These slightly changed peaks in the 2% MgO composite point to improved bonding. Reduced dispersion efficiency and further peaks at 350 cm⁻¹ were shown by the 4% MgO sample. These results were validated by SEM pictures displaying homogeneous MgO distribution at 2% and notable aggregation at 4%. Using without MgO was the best choice because it increased tensile strength and chemical bonding while keeping the structure strong, making it a good option for eco-friendly industrial applications.
Investigation of the effect of copper content added to aluminum on cutting force in MQL turning
Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of copper content and cutting parameters on the microstructure, hardness, machinability, and cutting-force behavior of sand-cast Al–Cu alloys under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) conditions. In this study, workpieces obtained using the sand mold casting method were tested using the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) method on a lathe. Five different test specimens were produced by adding copper to aluminum. The microstructures were examined via optical microscope, and hardness values were determined using Brinell hardness. Due to significant production and energy costs, the MQL method was preferred for metal cutting. Cutting forces generated during the process were measured using a dynamometer and analyzed in terms of feed rate, cutting velocity, and workpiece material using a full factorial analysis. Additionally, wear mechanisms on the cutting tool were determined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and Energy Dispersive Spectrum (EDS) analysis. The lowest hardness value was 34 HB in pure aluminum, while the highest was 95 HB in Al-8Cu alloy. Cutting forces increased with feed rate across all samples and decreased with higher cutting velocity. The highest cutting force (216.03 N) and feed force (26.90 N) were found in the Al-8Cu alloy, whereas the lowest cutting force (54 N) and feed force (6.07 N) were in pure aluminum. SEM and EDS analysis revealed flank wear and adhered aluminum on the cutting tools. Regression analysis verified that cutting velocity is the most critical factor influencing cutting and feed forces, with material type and feed rate also playing significant roles. Regression and ANOVA analyses consistently identified cutting velocity as the dominant factor affecting cutting and feed forces, followed by material type and feed rate.
Shrink wrap meshing via graph-based optimization
The contribution of the membrane-bound complement regulatory proteins CD46 and CD55 in phases of acute lymphocytic leukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia
Abstract The complement system is an essential part of the innate immunity that is involved in the elimination of pathogens as well as participating in the body’s immune surveillance against cancer. However, recent findings have shown that cancerous cells can use the complement components to assist in certain hallmarks which are fundamental for tumor progression. The current study investigates the differential expression of membrane-bound complement regulatory proteins; CD46 and CD55 in leukemia. Clinical peripheral blood samples of newly diagnosed acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients were used to assess the changes in transcriptional expression levels of both proteins using quantitative real time PCR. Results showed that both CD46 and CD55 were significantly downregulated by 2 to 7 folds in both AML and ALL patients compared to healthy controls which is suggestive of a defense mechanism conducted by leukemic cells to overcome immune defenses. Flow cytometric analysis conducted for proteomic expression of CD46 and CD55 on cell surfaces of leukemia patients showed a reduction in expression by 1.2-fold and 2.8-fold in AML patients, respectively. Post transcriptional knockdown of both genes in leukemic cell model using customized shRNA, followed by cell viability assays showed a significant reduction in the viability of cells by 3-fold, suggesting that although the expression of both proteins could be compromised by cancerous cells to evade complement attack mechanisms, they could also be vital to the viability of cancerous cells suggesting a dual role of complement in the tumor microenvironment.