Browse Articles

Mantle-derived fluid flux controls Olympic Dam-style Fe oxide-Cu-Au mineralisation

Abstract Conventional mineral exploration has focused on processes in the mid-upper crust, however recent advances in the geophysical and geochemical understanding of the sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) suggest that the macroscopic architecture of the lithosphere plays a key role in the localization of giant mineral deposits. Here, we use AusLAMP (Australian Lithospheric Architecture Magnetotelluric Project) magnetotelluric (MT) data to image the footprint of an entire mineral system, the Mesoproterozoic iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) province of the eastern Gawler Craton, Southern Australia. Our new 3D resistivity model demonstrates a physical connection exists between the anomalous, enriched SCLM beneath the Gawler Craton and the detailed resistivity mapping of the upper and middle crust beneath the Olympic Dam IOCG deposit. This conductivity network represents a whole of lithosphere plumbing system, which constitutes a direct pathway from a mantle source at the margins of an Archean cratonic core to form the metallogenic province at the surface. We argue that primary controls of lithospheric architecture and optimal crustal conditions, including high strain localization and secondary fluid availability, are required for large scale thermal events to provide the necessary low-entropy physico-chemical environment for deposition of large IOCG type deposits in the crust.

Lattice Hydrogen Participation and Mass Transport Acceleration Improve CO ₂ Electroreduction to C ₂ Products

Abstract CO 2 electroreduction operated at high current densities typically face the critical issues of CO 2 depletion and competing reactions. Here we prepared CuH branched nanosheets stabilized with holmium single atoms (HoSA‐CuH). Finite‐element analyses show that the branched HoSA‐CuH structure could accelerate mass transport and alleviate CO 2 depletion under high current densities. In situ spectroscopies and theoretical calculations reveal that the introduced Ho single atoms increase the electron density at Cu surface, which is conducive to CO 2 enrichment and activation. Deuterium isotope labeling experiments confirm that the lattice hydrogen in CuH participate in the reaction, thereby lowering the energy barrier for the rate‐determining step in C–C coupling. Therefore, the selectivity for C 2+ over HoSA‐CuH is above 80% under 700–1200 mA cm −2 and C 2 products account for 95% of all the C 2+ products. Compared with the best‐performing catalysts reported thus far, HoSA‐CuH displays the broadest current density range for high FE C2 .

Expression and function of CYP enzymes and hepatobiliary transporters in an improved long-term sandwich culture hepatocyte model

Harnessing Solar Energy, Extending Storage, and Accelerated Release in “Twisted” Negative Photochromic Azo Compounds

Abstract We present a series of twisted (hetero)arylazonaphthalene derivatives exhibiting negative photochromism, sunlight‐induced E‐Z photoisomerization, and stimuli‐responsive accelerated Z‐E isomerization, toward the storage and release of energy in molecular solar thermal (MOST) energy storage materials. Through structural evidence from XRD studies and structure‐property relationships, we envisaged that the geometrical azo‐twist governs the negative photochromism. The salient features of these derivatives include superior sunlight‐driven photoswitching and tuneable thermal half‐lives ( t 1/2 ) of Z isomers (days to seconds) even under an acidic medium, and the Z‐E isomerization under triplet photosensitization conditions, exemplifying multi‐mode activation of catalytic Z‐E relaxations on demand. Remarkably, a thin film of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix encapsulating these targets not only retains the photoswitching behavior but also shows sensitivity toward acids and bases. More importantly, the combination of sunlight‐driven forward E‐Z photoisomerization (charging) in acidic medium, storage (Δ H iso up to 35 kJ mol −1 ), subsequent neutralization to extend the cis isomer's half‐life, and the accelerated reverse Z‐E isomerization (discharging) of these targets sheds new light on the development of MOST materials. Overall, the design of these azo compounds, their characteristics, and ease of functionalization, while retaining their features, render them suitable for applications in various domains.

Side‐Chain Engineering of Hollow Spheres of Covalent Organic Frameworks for High‐Efficiency Boron Capture from Brine

Abstract Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) hold grand promise in chemical separations owing to their tunable pore architectures and rich functionalities. However, their practical efficacy is often plagued by disordered stacking and restricted accessibility of functional groups. In this study, we present a side‐chain engineering strategy, which synergistically manipulates pore‐wall functionalization, dynamic structural reconstruction, and bond stabilization, to fabricate hollow, stable, and polyol‐functionalized COFs (HSPCOF) adsorbents for high‐efficiency capture of boron from brine. For the first time, we demonstrate that side‐chain‐engineering can be employed to introduce polyol groups, enabling boron chelation while concurrently enhancing the crystallinity of COFs. The resultant HSPCOF exhibits a high specific surface area, interconnected channels, and exceptional boron adsorption capacity of 150.05 mg g −1 at 298 K, within 180 min, 10.29‐fold higher than commercial resin MK51. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations reveal that the HSPCOF preferentially binds borate anions via bidentate cyclic ester formation with polyol groups, affording strong affinity and high selectivity. Remarkably, HSPCOF maintains robust borate anion adsorption performance in harsh Salt Lake brine, achieving 848.79 mg g −1 capacity and 91.51% removal efficiency, validating its practical utility. This work affords generic guidelines for designing crystal and functionally precise COF materials by side‐chain engineering.

Dual path fairness optimization for graph neural network based recommendation

Composite P3HT/ZnO thin films via FTM for improved charge transport in OFETs

Thermal Property Engineering in Mn‐Based Hybrid Halides via Structural Tailoring of Phosphonium Cations

Abstract Organic–inorganic hybrid metal halide (OIMH) glasses have emerged as promising scintillator materials, distinguished by their exceptional optical transparency, straightforward synthesis, and tunable thermodynamic properties. The manufacturability and functional characteristics of these glasses are synergistically governed by the melting temperature ( T m ), glass transition temperature ( T g ), and decomposition temperature ( T d ), which can be effectively regulated through rational structural modulation. In this study, monophosphonium salts functionalized with secondary ammonium groups (─NH 2 + R) are prepared. By utilizing strategies such as carbon chain extension, branching increase, and structural isomerization, a series of Mn‐based OIMHs with tunable T m (110.0–256.6 °C) and T g (78.7–101.7 °C) are successfully constructed. To probe into the structure‐performance relationship, differential scanning calorimetry analysis and density functional theory calculations are conducted. Notably, the (4‐BATBP)MnBr 4 ·2H 2 O crystal (4‐BATBP 2+ = 4‐( n ‐butylamino)butyltriphenylphosphonium) exhibits the highest glass‐forming ability (GFA, T g /T m  = 0.92). The corresponding (4‐BATBP)MnBr 4 glass scintillator demonstrates an impressive spatial resolution of 20–25 lp mm −1 under X‐ray irradiation and retains excellent stability after prolonged heat treatment at 65 °C for 130 days, underscoring its significant potential for high‐temperature X‐ray imaging applications.

Transmission line fault detection and classification using bi-orthogonal wavelet transform (5.5) based signal decomposition

Conformation‐Driven Circularly Polarized Luminescence Sign Inversion in Chiral Bispyrene Based Cocrystals with Optical Waveguide

Abstract Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials hold great promise for advanced photonic applications, yet achieving dynamic control over both the luminescent dissymmetry factor ( g lum ) and wavelength remains a substantial challenge. Conventional approaches to CPL inversion often require the intricate synthesis of enantiomers or depend on specific crystal orientation effects. Herein, we propose a supramolecular cocrystal engineering approach to achieve conformation‐driven CPL inversion alongside multicolor emission. The resulting single‐crystals ( R,R )/( S,S )‐CPY M and cocrystals ( R,R )/( S,S )‐CPY/OFN , ( R,R )/( S,S )‐CPY/TPF , ( R,R )/( S,S )‐CPY/TCNB exhibited tunable emission ranging from 441 nm to 591 nm, arising from arene‐perfluoroarene and charge‐transfer interactions. Crucially, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed that OFN and TCNB guests insert between the pyrene rings of the host ( R,R )‐CPY , enforcing an “open” conformation and yielding negative CPL signals. By contrast, TFP does not insert, preserving the “closed” conformation and producing in positive CPL of ( R,R )‐CPY/TFP . Furthermore, a reversible vapor‐induced crystal‐to‐polymorphism transformation was demonstrated, enabling switchable CPL. All microcrystals functioned as low‐loss optical waveguides from 0.0189 to 0.0471 dB µm −1 , underscoring their potential for integrated photonic circuits. This work provides a robust strategy for designing multifunctional chiroptical materials with controllable CPL signs through conformation regulation in cocrystal system for applications in photonics and sensing.

Evaluation of polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbits against dengue NS1 antigen

Solution ALD of (CH ₃ NH ₃ )(PbI ₃ ) Perovskite Thin Films Yields Functional Quality and Stability Superior to Classical Processing

Abstract Atomic‐level control of solution‐processed hybrid halide perovskites is achieved experimentally by solution atomic layer deposition (sALD). This method transfers the surface chemical principles of gas‐phase ALD (gALD) to precursors dissolved in the liquid phase. Circumventing limitations associated with precursor volatility, sALD broadens the portfolio of reaction chemistries usable and material classes accessible. We establish its applicability to depositing ultrathin films of ionic semiconductors by developing an sALD procedure for the most prominent halide perovskite, methylammonium triiodoplumbate (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , ‘MAPI‘). The process saturates upon precursor dosage variation to self‐limiting growth typical for ALD, as analyzed by ex‐situ and in‐situ techniques. sALD‐deposited MAPI is highly pure, stoichiometric, and polycrystalline. When MAPI films are prepared in congruent pairs by sALD and by a state‐of‐the‐art spin‐coating method, sALD‐grown films clearly outperform their spin‐coated counterparts in terms of charge carrier lifetimes and stability. They exhibit high carrier mobility and yield functional light absorbing layers in solar cells.

Bioremediation of alkaline corn wastewater with Haematococcus pluvialis under laboratory and 100 L raceway pond conditions

Bright Cyan Circularly Polarized Luminescence and Efficient Second Harmonic Generation in Zero‐Dimensional Silver‐Based Halides with Achiral Cations

Abstract Chiral metal halides featuring circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) have drawn considerable attention due to their promising applications in imaging, sensing, and photonics. However, such materials largely rely on chiral organic cations, and technically significant cyan CPL remains out of reach. Here, we report an enantiomeric pair of zero‐dimensional chiral silver halides, P/M ‐(MTP) 2 AgI 3 (MTP = methyltriphenylphosphonium), constructed from achiral MTP + cations and distorted triangular‐planar [AgI 3 ] 2− units. Further intentional doping with copper(I) ions not only suppresses nonradiative recombination but also introduces additional emissive centers, leading to photoluminescence quantum yield enhanced from 0.8% to near unity and enabling bright cyan CPL with a large dissymmetry factor g lum of 1.3 × 10 −2 . Moreover, the intrinsic non‐centrosymmetry of this material enables efficient second harmonic generation, together with a high laser‐induced damage threshold of 52.6 mJ cm −2 . This study offers new insights into the design of chiral metal halides with rich chiroptical and nonlinear optical effects.

Effects of exogenous selenium treatment on the composition of endophytic bacterial and fungal communities in Amorphophallus muelleri

Exploring oceanic depths: unveiling hidden treasures with IoT and ensembled deep hybrid learning model

Asymmetric Coordination Engineering of MXene‐Based Metal Arrays for Oriented Generation of High‐Valent Metal‐Oxo Species from Peroxymonosulfate for Fast Water Decontamination

Abstract High‐valent metal‐oxo species (HVMOS) are appealing for water purification because they break the activity‐selectivity trade‐off of conventional radical‐based advanced oxidation processes. However, oriented HVMOS generation via heterogeneous reactions has been challenging because of the difficulty in the precise design of favourable and high‐loading active sites. Herein, a facile asymmetric oxygen‐containing coordination strategy was developed to activate inert metal arrays in V 2 C MXene, which could effectively activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to selectively generate HVMOS. The unique ultrashort‐range distance between neighboring V sites (2.36 Å) in MXene with asymmetric coordination generated a distinctive topological sympathetic electric field (TSEF), which enabled efficient PMS activation and ultrafast oxidation of water pollutants ( k obs  = 1498.33 min −1 M −1 ). Mechanistic studies revealed a new single‐electron‐transfer pathway from PMS to V 2 C through short‐range bimetallic oxygen bridges, significantly reducing the energy barrier of HVMOS generation promoted by TSEF. The nonradical system exhibited robust anti‐interference capacity and excellent stability in different real water matrices and long‐term operations.

Obesity and risk of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: a real-world propensity score-matched cohort study using electronic health records

KChIP1 splice variants modulate Kv4 channels by promoting P/C-type inactivation features

Abstract Kv4 channels mediate a somatodendritic A-type potassium current, which controls neuronal excitability and firing frequency. Kv4 channels form complexes with auxiliary DPPs and KChIPs, which modify channel gating, usually including an acceleration of recovery from inactivation. Although ternary Kv4 + DPP + KChIP complexes represent a likely native channel configuration, little is known about the concerted Kv4 channel modulation by DPPs and KChIPs. Here, we studied the modulatory effects of two functionally distinct KChIP1 splice variants (1a and 1b), utilizing two-electrode voltage-clamp in Xenopus oocytes. We tested Kv4.1, Kv4.2, Kv4.3 S, and Kv4.3 L, co-expressed with either KChIP1 splice variant in binary Kv4 + KChIP1 and ternary Kv4 + DPP + KChIP1 channel configurations. All Kv4.x channels exhibited a second slow component of recovery from inactivation upon co-expression of either KChIP1 splice variant, which persisted in a ternary configuration with DPP. The effect was stronger for KChIP1b, suggesting a functional role of alternative splicing, by limiting fast repetitive availability of the somatodendritic A-type current. Our mechanistic investigations of ternary Kv4.2 + DPP + KChIP1b channels revealed a strong enhancement of P/C-type inactivation features, which are normally vestigial in Kv4 channels, but may co-exist with preferential closed-state inactivation in the presence of KChIP1b.

Association of choroid plexus volume with brain atrophy and glucose metabolism in multiple system atrophy