Browse Articles

Synergistic Regulation of Charge Delocalization and Built‐In Electric Field in COF‐Supported Single‐Atom Catalysts for Enhanced H ₂ O ₂ Photosynthesis

ABSTRACT Photocatalytic production of H 2 O 2 from O 2 is attractive yet often self‐limiting because oxygenated intermediates persist on catalyst surfaces triggering O─O bond cleavage and H 2 O 2 decomposition. Herein, we demonstrate that this bottleneck can be mitigated by coordination‐microenvironment control coupling an enhanced built‐in electric field with regulated charge delocalization. A sulfonated covalent organic framework (TpPa ‐SO 3 H‐COF) was used as the support, and single Ni atoms were anchored at two distinct sites to form two atomically dispersed catalysts with the same metal species but markedly different local fields and coordination environments. Theoretical calculations and spectroscopic characterizations indicate that N coordination induces electron density redistribution, thereby enabling charge delocalization at the Ni center and further weakening *OOH adsorption. Meanwhile, a strengthened built‐in electric field further enhances photogenerated electron‐hole separation. As a result, the N‐coordinated site (N 1 ─Ni─O 2 ) achieves an enhanced H 2 O 2 production rate of 7189.52 µmol g −1 ·h −1 under sacrificial‐agent‐free conditions. This work identifies coordination‐driven regulation of the built‐in electric field and charge delocalization as an effective strategy for photocatalytic H 2 O 2 synthesis, providing valuable insights for the rational design of efficient photocatalysts.

Response by Rodés-Cabau et al to Letter Regarding Article, “Short-Term Anticoagulation Versus Dual Antiplatelet Therapy for Preventing Device Thrombosis Following Left Atrial Appendage Closure: The ANDES Randomized Clinical Trial”

Integrated Multiscale Nanoarrays With MnO ₂ ‐Mediated Ru─O Clusters for Stable Acidic Chlorine Evolution

ABSTRACT The electrochemical chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is crucial for the chlor–alkali industry. While atomic Ru–O active sites hold great promise for the CER, they are severely hindered by instability and strong OH* poisoning. Herein, we report an interlayer‐engineered electrode where a MnO 2 nano‐interlayer epitaxially wraps a nanocone array to confine and modulate atomic Ru–O clusters. This interlayer induces strong electronic coupling via Ru‒O‒Mn‒O‒Ti linkages that spatially confine and anchor the clusters to suppress dissolution while triggering substantial interfacial electron redistribution. Crucially, this modulated electronic environment effectively promotes optimizes *Cl adsorption, thereby significantly enhancing intrinsic CER selectivity and kinetics. Consequently, the electrode achieves exceptional durability over 1200 h with negligible Ru dissolution. When integrated into a proton‐exchange‐membrane electrolyzer, the catalyst demonstrates superior activity and stability, benefiting from the hierarchical architecture that facilitates superaerophobic bubble release and enhanced mass transport. These findings establish a generalizable strategy unifying atomic confinement, electronic modulation, and transport engineering for designing durable CER electrocatalysts.

Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: A User’s Guide to the Guidelines

Artificial Intelligence‐Assisted Design of High‐Entropy Oxide Catalysts

ABSTRACT High‐entropy oxides (HEOs), which contain multiple cations with diverse valence states and highly disordered local environments, offer a much broader compositional and active‐site space than conventional single‐component oxides. This diversity creates opportunities for tailoring catalytic properties, but it also makes rational design considerably more difficult. The formation and stability of HEOs phases depend on the combined effects of configurational entropy, mixing enthalpy, oxidation potential, valence compatibility, and synthesis conditions. Meanwhile, their catalytic behavior is often controlled by oxygen vacancies, surface segregation, in situ reconstruction, and dynamically evolving active sites under operating conditions. Artificial intelligence (AI) provides a promising means of managing this complexity by learning relationships among composition, structure, defects, adsorption behavior, and catalytic performance. This review summarizes the major challenges in HEOs catalyst design, discusses data representation and model selection, and examines AI applications in phase stability prediction, hydrogen production, oxygen evolution, thermal catalysis, photocatalysis, and electrocatalyst discovery. It further emphasizes the need to move beyond single‐property prediction toward multi‐objective optimization and closed‐loop integration of AI, DFT, MLIP‐based sampling, operando characterization, and experimental validation.

Translational Cardiovascular Science for the <i>Circulation</i> Community

Phase‐Transition Engineering Enables Low‐Strain Cathodes for 192 Wh kg ⁻ ¹ Sodium‐Ion Batteries

ABSTRACT Phase transitions in sodium layered transition metal (TM) oxides often induce microstrain and TM ion migration, leading to structural degradation and poor cycling stability. However, a rational design approach for optimizing phase transitions is still lacking. Here we introduce phase transition potential (Φ phase ) as a rational descriptor to predict and control phase evolution in these cathodes. A lower Φ phase enables smoother Na + migration and slower slab sliding during Na extraction, thereby facilitating a continuous phase transformation rather than abrupt phase changes. Guided by this concept, we design a calcium‐substituted layered oxide, Na 0.96 Ca 0.02 Ni 0.33 Fe 0.33 Mn 0.33 O 2 (NCNFMO), which delivers a specific capacity of 140 mAh g −1 at 0.1 C and retains 84.2% of its initial capacity after 500 cycles at 1 C, compared to only 26.4% retention for NaNi 0.33 Fe 0.33 Mn 0.33 O 2 . Moreover, the NCNFMO||Al@C full cell maintains a high‐capacity retention of 82.5% after 100 cycles, and 6.1 Ah full cell demonstrates an energy density of 192 Wh kg −1 entire cell . These findings offer fundamental insights into phase behavior‐induced microstrain and a promising path toward high‐energy, long‐life sodium‐ion batteries.

Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: Population and Policy Implications: 2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome

Electric‐field Self‐Regulating 3D Composite Current Collectors for Stable Flexible Lithium Metal Batteries Over 1100 Wh L ⁻¹

ABSTRACT High volumetric energy, flexible, and stable lithium (Li) metal batteries have received unprecedented attention in recent years because of their high demand in future robotics, wearable electronics, and electric vehicles. However, their development has been largely hindered by the use of thick Li metal anode and copper (Cu) current collector (CC), which inevitably trigger dendrite formation, massive volume expansion, and mechanical failure under deformation. To address these challenges, we report here a porous, electric‐field self‐regulating composite CC that facilitates the formation of an exceptionally dense, dendrite‐free, yet mechanically flexible Li metal anode. Structured with a three‐dimensional (3D) metal/ferroelectric polymer/metal sandwich architecture, the composite CC generates localized reverse electric fields to counteract the tip effect of dendrite formation. This self‐regulation mechanism confines dense deposition of Li metal within the middle ferroelectric polymer framework, thereby eliminating dendritic morphology while imparting remarkable mechanical flexibility. When paired with a commercial NCM 811 cathode, the resulting full cells demonstrate an ultrahigh volumetric energy density (1183 Wh L −1 ) and outstanding capacity retention (99.94 % per cycle). The battery also sustains 24 000 bending cycles without obvious capacity decay. This work demonstrates a versatile CC design strategy, paving the way toward ultrahigh‐energy and flexible energy storage devices.

Contextualizing Results and Recommendations

Chiral Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Breast Cancer Lung Metastasis

ABSTRACT In this study, chiral titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs) with a g ‐factor of 0.008 at 930 nm wavelength were fabricated, and their effect on breast cancer metastasis was systematically investigated. Cellular experiments demonstrated that left‐handed titanium dioxide NPs ( L ‐TiO 2 NPs) enter MODE‑K intestinal epithelial cells via toll‑like receptor 4 and trigger the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which activating the nuclear factor‑κB and NOD‑like receptor thermal protein domain‑associated protein 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway to drive the release of inflammatory mediators, which subsequently induced epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) in 4T1‑luc breast cancer cells and remodel the lung microenvironment, significantly enhancing the migration and adhesion of 4T1‑luc cells to 3B‑11 lung endothelial cells, verified in a mouse model of breast cancer, indicating that L ‐TiO 2 NPs not only increased the migratory and invasive capacities of the primary tumor, but also shaped a microenvironment in the lungs that facilitated the colonization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), thereby driving the acceleration of breast cancer lung metastasis. This work systematically elucidates that chiral TiO 2 NPs regulate the distal microenvironment through the ROS‐inflammatory signaling cascade to accelerate lung metastasis of breast cancer, suggesting that the risk of inducing tumor metastasis should be carefully evaluated when designing chiral nanomedicines.

Use of Predicted Risk and Expected Benefit to Guide Decision-Making in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology

Current clinical practice guidelines for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease recommend risk assessment to align the type and intensity of preventive efforts with an individual’s risk. The 2025 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults and the 2026 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guideline on the management of dyslipidemia incorporate quantitative risk assessment, recommending the PREVENT (Predicting Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Events) equations to guide initiation and intensification of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering therapies, respectively. Given the growing awareness of the clustering of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic risk factors along with the expanding armamentarium of cardioprotective therapies for obesity, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease, a harmonized approach that comprehensively assesses and addresses risk across these interconnected conditions is needed. The 2026 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome provides recommendations for the use of the PREVENT equations with outcome-specific risk thresholds for staging, detection of subclinical cardiovascular disease, and decision-making regarding initiation and intensification of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic therapies. This approach integrates predicted risk (using PREVENT-CVD [cardiovascular disease], PREVENT-ASCVD [atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease], and PREVENT-HF [heart failure]) with the relative risk reduction expected from treatment for each outcome to estimate the expected benefit (ie, absolute risk reduction) from drug therapy. This scientific statement details the rationale for using outcome-specific PREVENT equations, the evidence base for selected risk thresholds, and the potential population-level impact of these recommendations. This scientific statement also offers practical guidance for applying risk assessment as the first step in shared decision-making and for addressing gaps in awareness, risk communication, and optimal implementation of evidence-based preventive therapies to improve outcomes in individuals with or at risk for cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome.

Mechanistic‐Driven, Phosphorescence‐Enhanced HOF‐Based Bionic Dual‐Channel Sensor for Precision Bimodal Monitoring of Displacement and Angle Enabled by Photon Flux Modulation

ABSTRACT Recent years have witnessed growing interest in flexible luminescent devices for physical stimulus sensing, with numerous studies exploring the coupling between film deformation and external physical fields. However, the direct mechanism connection between macroscopic physical motion and the resulting luminescent response has remained elusive. Herein, a phosphorescence‐enhanced hydrogen‐bonded organic framework‐based cotton fiber film (PBA@TPA‐PEA@CF)—fabricated via spraying method—was integrated with a self‐built mechanically actuated platform to construct a fluorescence‐phosphorescence dual‐channel sensing system. This insect antennae‐inspired sensing system enables high‐speed, high‐sensitivity, and high‐precision measurement of displacement and angular rotation. Crucially, displacement and angle function not merely as input parameters but as intrinsic transduction variables that directly couple mechanical input to optical output. Opto‐mechanical coupling simulations uncover a previously unrecognized mechanism for physical stimulus luminescence sensing: mechanical motion dynamically modulates both the incident photon flux and effective optical density, thereby governing luminescence intensity variations in a deterministic, reversible manner. Practical utility in two distinct applications was further achieved: (i) real‐time, noncontact monitoring of robotic arm kinematics via smart wearable textiles, and (ii) a reversible, motion‐triggered luminescent switch. This work establishes a mechanism framework for mechanical luminescence conversion, paving the way for next‐generation, precision‐oriented flexible luminescent sensors tailored for advanced physical sensing.

Letter by Nayyar Regarding Article, “Geometric Features of Ventricular Tachycardia Corridors in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy”

Meniscus‐Guided Interfacial Ring‐by‐Ring Assembly for In Situ Fabrication of Tubular Hydrogels

ABSTRACT The fabrication of arteriole‐scale blood vessel‐like structures remains a critical barrier in engineering thick, vascularized tissues. Despite advances in artery‐scale tubular scaffolds and capillary‐scale networks, creating tubular structures at the arteriole scale (50 µm–1 mm) remains challenging because of the intrinsic softness of hydrogels. Here, we present an optofluidic additive‐manufacturing method based on meniscus‐guided interfacial polymerization within microchannels. Surface tension forms a stable oil–hydrogel interface, where ultraviolet (UV) irradiation selectively polymerizes the hydrogel precursor into ring‐like structures. Sequential ring formation along the channel enables in situ assembly of hollow tubular constructs with inner diameters precisely controlled by the axial irradiation position. The method is further extended to biologically relevant softer hydrogels, and UV attenuation analysis and PBS incubation support the structural uniformity and stability of the fabricated tubes. Hydrogel tubes with straight, curved, and branching configurations are fabricated using corresponding microchannel architectures. Multi‐material tubular structures with radial and axial compositions are also realized while reducing material‐switching steps and waste. Furthermore, synchronizing real‐time meniscus detection with UV irradiation enables continuous ring formation and smooth tube walls. This method provides a versatile platform for constructing arteriole‐scale vascular‐like hydrogel structures with controlled geometries, stability, and material compositions.

Risk-Guided Screening for Atrial Fibrillation Using Electronic Health Records

BACKGROUND: Screening for atrial fibrillation (AF) on the basis of AF risk may be more effective. We aimed to develop, externally validate, and prospectively test a machine learning prediction model using electronic health records (EHRs) to guide AF screening. METHODS: We developed and validated a random forest prediction model for new AF within 6 months, using age, sex, and 10 comorbidities (Future Innovations in Novel Detection of Atrial Fibrillation [FIND-AF] 2.0) in EHRs in the United Kingdom (n=2 081 139), Japan (n=7 795 244), Israel (n=2 166 795), Canada (n=627 919), and China (n=149 145). We conducted a prospective study where participants ≥30 years old without AF and with a CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score ≥2 in men and ≥3 in women, stratified by FIND-AF 2.0 into high and low risk, undertook 4 ECG recordings per day for 3 weeks using a handheld ECG recorder, with a primary outcome of newly diagnosed AF. We estimated stroke risk associated with nonanticoagulated AF in patients with high FIND-AF 2.0 risk in the FinACAF (Finnish Anticoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation) registry of patients with AF (n=229 565). RESULTS: FIND-AF 2.0 was applicable to all EHRs and showed good to excellent prediction performance (United Kingdom: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC], 0.819 [95% CI, 0.809–0.829]; Israel: AUROC, 0.835 [95% CI, 0.828–0.842]; Japan: AUROC, 0.751 [95% CI, 0.745–0.757]; Canada: AUROC, 0.747 [95% CI, 0.741–0.753]; China: AUROC, 0.753 [95% CI, 0.725–0.771]), with AUROC&gt;0.7 in men and women in all cohorts, and improved performance compared with CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc and C 2 HEST. Of 1923 participants from 15 sites in the prospective study (mean age, 70.2 [SD 9.4] years), with a mean of 74.8 (SD, 19.4) ECG recordings, AF was diagnosed in 5 of 902 (0.6%) with low FIND-AF 2.0 risk and 46 of 1021 (4.5%) with high FIND-AF 2.0 risk (odds ratio, 8.46 [95% CI, 3.35–21.40], P &lt;0.001). Median AF burden among high FIND-AF 2.0 risk–detected cases was 33.4% (interquartile range, 5.1%–91.6%), and 96.1% initiated oral anticoagulants. In the FinACAF registry, the rate of ischemic stroke for patients with high FIND-AF 2.0 risk, AF, and no anticoagulants was 6.0 events per 100 patient-years. CONCLUSIONS: The EHR-based machine learning model, FIND-AF 2.0, identifies a high-risk subpopulation for AF diagnosis among patients at elevated risk of stroke and could enable scalable, EHR-driven, risk-guided AF screening.

One‐Step Direct Writing and In Situ Poling of Ultrathin Piezoelectric Microarchitectures for Organ‐Conformal Stretchable Biointerfaces

ABSTRACT The development of ultrathin, stretchable piezoelectric biointerfaces is fundamentally constrained by the lack of manufacturing strategies capable of simultaneously delivering precise microarchitectural patterning and stable polarization in mechanically compliant formats. Here, we report a one‐step electrohydrodynamic (EHD) direct‐writing strategy with in situ poling, enabling the concurrent fabrication and polarization of free‐standing, ultrathin piezoelectric microarchitectures without post‐processing. By coupling this manufacturing approach with a mechanism‐guided design based on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and piezoelectric P(VDF‐TrFE) through controlled modulation of EHD deposition and polymer crystallization, we manipulate grain size and flatten the polarization barrier by introducing structural heterogeneity to achieve a high and stable piezoelectric coefficient of 34.5 pm V −1 in a highly stretchable architecture. The resulting sub‐20 µm serpentine microarchitectures exhibit excellent mechanical compliance, long‐term piezoelectric stability and deterministic architectural programmability. Integration with a breathable, controlled‐adhesion elastomeric biointerface ensures robust conformal coupling to soft, wet tissue. Ex vivo demonstrations validate reliable detection and classification of gastric mechanical states, highlighting a manufacturing‐enabled platform for organ‐conformal piezoelectric biointerfaces. This work offers a generalizable strategy to overcome long‐standing trade‐offs between piezoelectric performance, stretchability, and ultrathin form factors, paving the way for diverse applications in biointegrated electronics and soft sensing, and healthcare systems.

Beyond Siloed Care: The Promise and Challenge of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome

High‐Entropy‐Engineered Nanoinducer for Spatiotemporally Programmed PANoptosis and NIR‐Amplified Cancer Immunotherapy

ABSTRACT PANoptosis has emerged as a compelling strategy to potentiate antitumor immune responses. However, achieving specific PANoptotic cancer‐cell death while sparing normal tissues remains a central challenge, as current strategies are constrained by inadequate spatiotemporal controllability and insufficient generation of key effector species, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we report a class of PANoptosis nanoinducer constructed from atomically dispersed high‐entropy metal sites, enabling spatiotemporally controlled near‐infrared (NIR)‐amplified cancer immunotherapy. The unique high‐entropy metal‐site configuration of the resulting nanozymes (HENA@PEG) boosts catalytic efficiency through atomic‐level synergism, while enabling precise, pH‐gated control over ROS generation via catalytic activation. In addition, nanozyme‐mediated photothermal therapy (PTT) not only induces direct tumor ablation but also supplies exogenous thermal energy to accelerate the catalytic reactions. The co‐programmed integration of endogenous and exogenous activations confers tumor‐site‐adaptive biocatalysis, thereby enabling precise spatiotemporal induction of PANoptosis. Both in vitro and in vivo investigations reveal that the resulting nanoinducer effectively promotes dendritic cell maturation and cytotoxic T‐cell activation, ultimately amplifying antitumor immune responses and markedly suppressing 4T1 tumor progression. Overall, this work establishes a high‐entropy‐engineered nanoinducer that overcomes the limitations of nonspecific PANoptosis and immune evasion, representing a promising avenue toward more efficient and precisely targeted cancer immunotherapy.

Cardiovascular–Kidney–Metabolic Syndrome: A Historic Perspective