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Phase 3 Trial of Weekly Oral Islatravir–Lenacapavir for HIV-1 Treatment

Prevalence and associated factors of insufficient vegetable and fruit intake among adults: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Insufficient intake of vegetables and fruits is a major modifiable risk factor for diet-related diseases worldwide. This study evaluated the intake patterns and associated factors among Hong Kong adults. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2024–2025. Data on demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, lifestyle, and dietary habits were collected from adults aged 18 and above. The primary outcomes were insufficient vegetable intake and insufficient fruit intake, defined as not meeting the recommended daily intake for vegetables and fruits, respectively. Associations were examined using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Among 4,290 participants (mean age 41.64 years; 60.6% female), the prevalence of insufficient intake was 78.1% ( n  = 3,350) for vegetables and 82.4% ( n  = 3,534) for fruits. In multivariable analysis, male gender was positively associated with both insufficient vegetable intake (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.204, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.783–2.726, p  < 0.001) and insufficient fruit intake (aOR = 1.665, 95% CI: 1.307–2.120, p  < 0.001). Sufficient physical activity was negatively associated with insufficient vegetable intake (aOR = 0.624, 95% CI: 0.520–0.748, p  < 0.001) and insufficient fruit intake (aOR = 0.556, 95% CI: 0.455–0.680, p  < 0.001). Furthermore, older age (aOR = 0.991, 95% CI: 0.983–0.999, p  = 0.033) was negatively associated with insufficient vegetable intake, although the effect size was small. For fruit intake specifically, tertiary education (aOR = 1.814, 95% CI: 1.107–2.973, p  = 0.018) and smoking (aOR = 1.617, 95% CI: 1.239–2.111, p  < 0.001) were associated with higher odds of insufficient fruit intake. Most adults in Hong Kong consumed vegetables and fruits below recommended levels. Insufficient intake was associated with gender, physical activity, education level, and smoking status. These findings highlight the need for targeted public health interventions, particularly for men and individuals with insufficient physical activity. Nutrition education should be integrated with broader health promotion strategies that encourage physical activity and support smoking cessation.

Nonmonotonic Screening and Solvation Dynamics of the Electrical Double Layer in Concentrated Lithium Salt Electrolytes

Abstract Understanding the electrical double layer in lithium-ion battery electrolytes is fundamental to improving interfacial processes that govern battery performance and lifetime. However, the microstructure and dynamics of the electrical double layer in highly concentrated lithium salt solutions remain elusive. Herein, combining electrochemical analyses, in situ gap-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations, we reveal nonmonotonic variation of electrostatic screening with concentration and different exchange kinetics of anions and solvent molecules in the solvation sheath of lithium ions. We find that increasing solvation entropy favors the formation of an anion-rich solvation environment in highly concentrated electrolytes, accelerating Li + –anion exchange relative to Li + –solvent exchange. This dynamic coordination behavior enables Li + to reorganize its solvation structure more readily during intercalation and deintercalation, thereby improving the kinetics and reversibility of these processes. Overall, this work provides thermodynamic and kinetic insights for the electrolyte design of advanced lithium-ion battery systems.

Pregnancies in Patients with Autoimmune Disease Receiving CAR T-Cell Therapy

Daily MODIS land surface temperature trends reveal dual winter warming peaks in the Swiss Alps

Pure gaseous-born aerogels from solid solutions via vapor sublimation and deposition polymerization

The Inequality–Pandemic Cycle — Rethinking Preparedness

Weather based forewarning of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) in cotton in southwestern district of Punjab

A tetranuclear nickel hydride cluster capable of reversible activation of aromatic and aliphatic C–H bonds

iEvac-Z, an Inactivated Ebola Vaccine — Phase 1 Study in Japan

Leveraging existing knowledge about bacteria–protease relationships to predict existence of proteases across bacterial species

Simultaneous optimization of lignocellulosic sugar catabolism via systematic laboratory evolution under complex selection pressure

Abstract Efficient co-utilization of hexose and pentose sugars from lignocellulose is essential for microbial bioconversion, yet engineered catabolic pathways can be unstable or suboptimal in complex resource environments. Here, we use a Pseudomonas putida strain engineered to catabolize xylose and arabinose to examine how resource abundance, temporal availability, and subculturing shape evolutionary outcomes. Using an automated adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) platform, we evolve the strain under simple single-substrate and complex multi-substrate selection pressures. These environments drive divergence between catabolic specialists and generalists. Weak or absent selection for xylose frequently leads to loss of xylose catabolism, whereas carbon-limited mixed-sugar environments promote stable retention and coordinated optimization of multiple catabolic pathways, enhancing growth and substrate utilization. Genomic, proteomic, and biochemical analyses show that pathway-specific fitness costs determine evolutionary stability. A generalist clone also shows improved indigoidine production from mixed sugars relative to the parental strain. Together, these findings show how resource dynamics shape fitness landscapes that govern catabolic specialization, generalization, evolutionary trade-offs, and engineering of bioconversion.

Association of overweight/obesity and dyslipidemia with the prevalence and control of hypertension among adults in Gansu Province, China: a cross-sectional study

Evolutionary hijacking of fatty acid biosynthesis drives insecticidal acylsugar diversity in tomato

High-entropy photocatalyst enabling collaborative cascade C–N coupling for converting benzyl alcohol to imine

B cell CD19 is transferred between immune cells in mice and humans

Abstract When immune cells interact, they frequently exchange membrane-bound antigens. Our evolving understanding of these processes challenges the cellular specificity of lineage markers and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. By using mouse and human B-T cell co-cultures, we report that CD19, an assumingly exclusive B cell marker, is transferred via trogocytosis when B cells activate T cells. In a B cell-driven model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, CD19 + T cells expand and show enhanced features of activation, differentiation, and encephalitogenic potential ex vivo. Additionally, co-transfer of CD19 and functional IgM from B cells results in the gain of B cell function by T cells. In patients with chronic central nervous system (CNS) demyelination, CD19 + T cells display a pro-inflammatory phenotype and are concomitantly depleted by inebilizumab, an approved anti-CD19 antibody, which raises important considerations for the therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies overall. Finally, we report that myeloid cells acquire CD19 and functional IgM after phagocytosis of apoptotic B cells and thereby gain functional B cell properties. These findings highlight the commonness of membrane and antigen-transfer between cells, resulting in transmission of cellular function.

Health and economic impacts of improved air quality from transitioning global shipping energy to hydrogen

Reservation policies and equity in national park access

A c-di-AMP receptor mediates epithelial adhesion of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum

Resolving endogenous protein organization in cells with nanometer resolution

Abstract Latest refinements in super-resolution microscopy achieved spatial resolutions in the one nanometer range. However, improvement of localization precision advanced faster than labeling methods impeding the translation of such high resolutions to cells. Hence, imaging of the nano-architecture of endogenous multiprotein complexes remains challenging. Here we introduce an expansion microscopy (ExM) method using double-homogenized hydrogels that enables direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy ( d STORM) of 7-8-fold expanded immunolabeled samples. The ~4-fold increase in labeling density resolves the 8 nm spacing between neighboring α-tubulin molecules in microtubules, the polyhedral lattice of clathrin-coated pits, and provides evidence for the 8 nm periodicity of α/β-tubulin heterodimers. Two-color Ex- d STORM further reveals the molecular organization of RIM and the synaptic vesicle priming protein Munc13-1 in 44–48 nm ring-like presynaptic structures in neurons. Ex- d STORM thus enables nanometer-resolution imaging of endogenous multiprotein complexes in genetically unmodified cells, providing a versatile tool for studying molecular organization in physiological contexts.