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Altered histone modifications in Aedes aegypti midguts following Rift Valley fever virus exposure
Abstract When arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are delivered to vector mosquitoes in infectious bloodmeals, viral components interact with host proteins to hijack cells and initiate replication. The extent to which arbovirus infection alters mosquito host transcriptional regulatory processes is currently unknown. We hypothesized that histone modifications would be altered in mosquitoes exposed to Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV MP12). H3K27ac and H3K9me3 marks were interrogated using CUT&RUN in a mosquito species that has a predicted dissemination barrier, Aedes aegypti . Global H3K27ac peaks showed progressive depletion over time compared to bloodfed controls. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that immune response transcripts were enriched at 1 and 3 days post-feeding (dpf). For virus-exposed samples, the highest proportion of DEGs proximal to histone marks occurred with depletion of repressive H3K9me3 peaks at 3 dpf. Associated DEGs included transcription factors, secondary messengers and processes affecting cell polarization. Analysis of midguts after a non-infectious bloodmeal versus sugar-fed controls revealed global changes to H3K27ac and H3K9me3 marks, as well. Differential H3K27ac marks were proximal to one quarter of all DEGs at 1 dpf, consistent with an important role of H3K27ac in bloodmeal digestion. Together, these results demonstrate that H3K27ac and H3K9me3 patterns are altered upon virus exposure in a complex interplay that could be due to viral manipulation or host defense.
The effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions on influenza throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: an 8-year interrupted time series study
How to eat well and within Earth’s limits
Sinus membrane thickness and its correlation with anatomical parameters using cone beam computed tomography: a cross-sectional study
The public health burden of nervous system tumors in Anambra State, Nigeria necessitates strategic resource allocation
Wideband circularly polarized leaky wave rectenna
Abstract This paper presents a circular polarized rectenna based on a leaky wave antenna (LWA). Integrating circular polarization with leaky wave radiation greatly improves energy harvesting by minimizing polarization losses and extending the spatial range of captured RF signals. The LWA exhibits rapid frequency-dependent beam scanning, which is efficient by enabling harvesting RF power at different directions based on the received power direction. The proposed rectenna consists of LWA array integrated with a rectifier circuit and is designed to harvest RF power at the 5G midrange band. The implemented LWA has wide beam scanning angle from − 21 to 29 o with a high gain value of 9.8 dBi at 5.3 GHz. A Rectifier circuit correlated with a matching circuit is implemented. The designed matching circuit is based on a wideband compression network to compress the variation ratio of the input impedance. The results of the matched rectifier circuit show that the implemented circuit can operate from 4.1 to 5.5 GHz with effective impedance matching and stable wideband performance. The rectifier circuit is designed using an SMS7630 Schottky diode with a low turn-on voltage. The LWA is fabricated, its parameters are measured, and compared with simulated results. Then the LWA is used in the receiving mode, integrated with the rectifier circuit, and measured. The proposed rectenna obtained a maximum measured DC output voltage of 1.2 V with conversion efficiency of 53.8% at 4.2 GHz with received power of 0 dBm.
Viral RNA blocks circularization to evade host codon usage control
Anticipation of periodic events influences cell motility in amoeba proteus
Abstract All migrating cells (both single-cell organisms and as part of multicellular organisms) sense environmental conditions and respond to physical and molecular cues by changing the direction and speed of cellular movement. Adaptive behaviors enable motile cells to thrive in dynamic environments. A study with slime mold suggested an ability to anticipate dry and cold periods. However, experimental evidence for anticipation in other single-cell organisms is lacking. Here, we investigated whether Amoeba proteus can anticipate unfavourable periodic stimuli. Amoeba proteus react to blue light (405 nm) by reducing their streaming speed in response to each stimulation. As expected, after four periodic blue light stimulations A. proteus presented spontaneous in-phase reduction in streaming speed at the time point when the next stimulation would have occurred. Our results corroborate the claim that single cells are able to anticipate periodic environmental cues and change their behaviour in anticipation of these cues. These findings may have implications for the interpretation of cellular processes in vitro and in vivo even in complex multicellular systems.
What were the first animals? The fierce sponge–jelly battle that just won’t end
Bioaccumulation of potentially toxic elements in selected vegetables of Noakhali district, Bangladesh and their associated health risks
Whole-genome landscapes of 1,364 breast cancers
Automatic identification and feature analysis of Min-ing-Induced surface cracks using an improved DRA-UNet
Spotting viral invaders in koala family trees
24-hour urine chemistry shows higher stone formation risk after malabsorptive than restrictive type bariatric surgery
Abstract Bariatric surgery is effective for obesity management but associated with kidney stone formation. Give the different post-operative physiology between restrictive type and malabsorptive type bariatric surgery, this study aims to compare difference in post-operative lithogenic risk profiles between these surgical types by assessing the postoperative 24-hour urine chemistry profiles. We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study of consecutive adults undergoing bariatric surgery at a tertiary center in Hong Kong between April 2017 and October 2019. A total number of 35 patients underwent malabsorptive and 55 underwent restrictive procedures. Baseline demographics, comorbidities, and postoperative 24-hour urine chemistry were assessed within 12 months after surgery. Abnormal urinary parameters were identified, with between-group comparisons performed using Mann–Whitney U and Chi-squared tests. Propensity scores were estimated using selected covariates, and stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was applied. IPTW-weighted logistic regression was used to compare the odds of abnormal urinary parameters between surgical groups. At 12 months, the malabsorptive group demonstrated significantly higher urinary oxalate and lower urinary creatinine, potassium, calcium, magnesium, citrate, urate, pH, and calcium phosphate activity compared with the restrictive group. The prevalence of hyperoxaluria (51.4% vs. 25.5%, p = 0.012), hypocitraturia (71.4% vs. 36.4%, p = 0.001), and acidic urine (54.3% vs. 20.0%, p = 0.001) was higher in the malabsorptive group. Conversely, hyperuricosuria was more common in restrictive patients (29.1% vs. 11.4%, p = 0.049). No significant differences were observed for urine volume, sodium, phosphate, or calcium oxalate activity. IPTW-weighted logistic regression demonstrated that malabsorptive procedures were associated with significantly higher odds of hyperoxaluria (OR 2.95, 95% CI 1.03–8.44), hypocitraturia (OR 4.13, 95% CI 1.40–12.21), hypomagnesuria (OR 3.26, 95% CI 1.11–9.57), and acidic urine pH (OR 3.76, 95% CI 1.33–10.64). Malabsorptive bariatric surgery is associated with more lithogenic urinary profiles than restrictive surgery, particularly hyperoxaluria, hypocitraturia, hypomagnesuria, and acidic urine, underscoring increased risk of postoperative nephrolithiasis. Close monitoring of urinary parameters and multidisciplinary management are recommended to mitigate stone risk.
Biogenic synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial evaluation of silver nanoparticles synthesized from aqueous seed extract of Dolichos lablab
Adaptive fusion based deep learning framework for restoring underwater image quality using multi scale attention features
Social-media bans: why corporate fines could backfire
Enhancing anti-inflammatory activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis by upregulating secondary metabolites using suspension cultures techniques
Abstract Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn (Family Myrtaceae ) is among the most prominent Eucalyptus species, extensively exploited for its anti-inflammatory efficacy. The present study undertakes a comparative phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of leaf and tissue culture (callus) extracts and their corresponding volatile oils. Methanolic extracts from both plant sources were subjected to liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS), revealing 32 phytoconstituents in leaf extracts and 54 in callus extracts. Identified chemical classes included flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, and phenolic acids, with higher relative abundance in callus-derived extracts. Volatile oil analysis using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) identified 58 compounds in leaf oil and 52 in callus oil. Quantitative profiling demonstrated a significant elevation in bioactive volatiles within callus oil: 1,8-cineole content showed a 2.1-fold increase compared to leaf oil, and both α-terpineol and sabinene exhibited approximately fourfold increases relative to leaf oil. Bioassays further indicated that callus extracts and volatile oils possess enhanced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, exhibiting higher potency than leaf-derived counterparts. Remarkably, the anti-inflammatory activity of callus volatile oil exceeded that of the standard pharmaceutical agent indomethacin. These findings underscore the potential of in vitro tissue culture as a biotechnological tool for amplifying the yield and bioactivity of secondary metabolites in E. camaldulensis .