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A Noncovalent Click‐to‐Release Strategy to Control Bond Cleavage and Prodrug Activation
Abstract Click‐to‐release chemistry enables bioorthogonal bond cleavage and controlled release via a click‐type ligation reaction serving as both the trigger and means of localization. Extending this concept beyond covalent ligation reactions, we introduce a noncovalent click‐to‐release strategy based on cucurbit[7]uril‐adamantane (CB‐Ad) association. The CB host molecule forms a pre‐assembled host‐guest complex with a self‐immolative guest (SIG) SIG1, where the masked SIG remains inert. Introduction of a high‐affinity guest Ad initiates the CB‐Ad noncovalent click reaction, displacing SIG1 and triggering its self‐immolation and cargo release. As a proof‐of‐concept, we used a prototype prodrug SIG2 to demonstrate our strategy's potential for controlled therapeutic release, effectively regulating the photodynamic cell killing in vitro. This noncovalent click‐to‐release approach broadens the structural and functional scope of bioorthogonal cleavage strategies with promising implications for stimuli‐responsive materials and biomedical applications.
Bandgap‐Broken Fe Spinel Electrocatalyst Enables Integrated Seawater Electrolysis
Abstract Despite considerable attention on spinel catalysts in electrocatalysis, achieving their distinct redox activity at the atomic scale for cathodic seawater splitting and anodic wastewater purification represents a huge challenge. In this work, we address this issue by constructing bandgap‐broken Zn─O─Fe─O─Co heteroatomic bonds through the integration of reduced ZnFe 2 O 4 and oxidized CoFe 2 O 4 semiconductors within spinel‐structured Zn x Co 1‐x Fe 2 O 4 . The overlapping conduction and valence bands at Fe 3 d orbitals promote electron redistribution at Fe centers, leading to electron depletion, exposure of empty d orbitals, and modulation of the d‐band center. These electronic modifications enhance the adsorption kinetics of H 2 O in seawater and S 2− species in wastewater through d–p orbital coupling, lowering the energy barriers for the Volmer step in hydrogen evolution reaction and the rate‐limiting *S─*S 2 process in sulfur oxidation reaction. As a result, the rational design enables efficient bifunctional activity, achieving simultaneous seawater splitting and industrial pollutant degradation in a single electrolyzer at an ultralow cell voltage of 1.07 V (10 mA cm −2 ), operable under solar energy. This study provides a fundamental design strategy for bifunctional catalysts toward integrated energy and environmental applications.
Multi‐Crystal X‐Ray Diffraction (MCXRD) Bridges the Crystallographic Characterisation Gap in Chemistry and Materials Science: Application to MOFs
Abstract Structure determination by X‐ray diffraction is limited by crystal size and can be compromised by radiation damage when using very intense X‐ray radiation. X‐ray structure determination from partial diffraction data sets combined from multiple crystals is a potential solution, but its exploitation in chemistry and materials science is largely unrealized. Here we report the use of synchrotron radiation for multi‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (MCXRD) adapted for structure determination of metal‐organic framework (MOF) materials with crystal dimensions too small for conventional single‐crystal diffraction studies. We further show that radiation‐induced chemical changes and degradation of diffraction quality can be alleviated. Our approach encompasses both rotation‐ and stationary‐MCXRD measurements for 10 to 1000s of crystals with software‐optimized combination of the multiple data sets. We report the crystal structures of six MOFs: MOF‐919(Sc/Cu), MET‐2, MIL‐88B(Cr)‐1,4‐NDC, PCN‐260(Sc), UiO‐66, and UiO‐66‐MoO 4 with unit cell dimensions ranging from 18−114 Å and crystal sizes from 0.5−480 µm 3 . This approach can address the challenges of structure determination in a regime of particle size and sample radiation sensitivity that lies between existing single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and the emerging field of electron diffraction. MCXRD can provide accurate atomic‐resolution structure determination for some of the most challenging cases in chemistry and materials science.
Homologative Radical 1,3‐Dicarbofunctionalization of Unactivated Alkenes Enabled by Sequential Functional Group Migrations
Abstract Despite significant advances in conventional radical‐mediated 1,2‐difunctionalization of alkenes over the past decade, homologative 1,3‐difunctionalization remains largely underdeveloped. Herein, we report a novel photoinduced homologative 1,3‐dicarbofunctionalization of unactivated alkenes via one‐carbon chain elongation, achieved through sequential functional group migrations. By employing strategically designed tertiary alcohols and heteroarylsulfones as versatile coupling partners, this method affords structurally diverse, densely substituted aliphatic ketones and medium‐sized cyclic scaffolds with exclusive chemo‐ and regioselectivity. The transformation accommodates a broad range of migrating groups, including various heteroaryl, phenyl, and alkenyl motifs, and exhibits excellent functional group tolerance.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare providers in Beijing regarding human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis co-infection: A multicenter cross-sectional study
Background Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) co-infection poses a significant challenge to public health systems due to its complex clinical management and high mortality. This study aimed to reveal the specific mechanisms through which knowledge influences practice in HIV/TB co-infection management among healthcare providers (HCPs) using structural equation modeling (SEM). Methods An exploratory cross-sectional study using convenience sampling was conducted from May to June 2025 involving healthcare providers (HCPs) across various medical institutions in Beijing, which included university-affiliated tertiary hospitals, specialized hospitals, and community health centers. Results A total of 565 valid questionnaires were collected, with 364 (64.42%) completed by medical doctors. The knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 18.51 ± 7.75 (possible range: 0–30), 43.64 ± 5.51 (possible range: 10–50), and 30.75 ± 7.44 (possible range: 8–40), respectively. Spearman correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.500, P < 0.001), between attitude and practice (r = 0.584, P < 0.001) and between knowledge and practice (r = 0.592, P < 0.001). SEM analysis indicated that knowledge had a direct influence on both attitudes (β = 0.458, P = 0.002) and practices (β = 0.491, P = 0.011), while attitudes influenced practices (β = 0.272, P = 0.008). Furthermore, knowledge indirectly affected practices through attitudes (β = 0.124, P = 0.005). Conclusion In our sample, respondents demonstrated limited knowledge, generally positive attitudes, and moderately adequate practices regarding HIV and TB co-infection. These preliminary findings suggest that targeted educational interventions designed to enhance knowledge may effectively improve both attitudes and practical behaviors, though more rigorous research is needed to confirm these relationships.
Accelerating Electrochemical Kinetics in Na <sub>4</sub> Fe <sub>3</sub> (PO <sub>4</sub> ) <sub>2</sub> P <sub>2</sub> O <sub>7</sub> Cathodes Through Oxygen Vacancy Modulation for Wide‐Temperature Ah‐Level Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Abstract Na 4 Fe 3 (PO 4 ) 2 P 2 O 7 (NFPP) stands as a highly promising cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries, offering a favorable combination of operating voltage and theoretical capacity. Nevertheless, its commercial viability is significantly hindered by two primary factors: the prevalent formation of electrochemically inert impurity phases, such as maricite ‐NaFePO 4 and low‐energy‐density Na 2 FeP 2 O 7 , during conventional synthesis, coupled with its intrinsically poor electronic conductivity. Herein, we demonstrate a rational defect‐engineering strategy to enhance the electrochemical kinetics of NFPP cathodes through controlled oxygen vacancy formation. The optimized Na 4 Fe 2.79 (PO 4 ) 2 P 2 O 7 (NFPP‐2.79) exhibits superior phase purity, enhanced electronic conductivity, and facilitated Na + diffusion, as confirmed by multi‐scale characterization techniques. The NFPP‐2.79 cathode delivers a remarkable reversible capacity of 89.51 mAh g −1 at 10C and retains 96.42% capacity after 1500 cycles at 2C. Moreover, kilogram‐scale synthesis using cost‐effective raw precursors has been achieved via a sand‐milling‐assisted spray‐drying route. When assembled into Ah‐level pouch cells with hard carbon anodes, the NFPP‐2.79‐based cell demonstrates excellent rate capability (93.75% capacity retention from 0.5C to 4C), outstanding cyclability (75.63% retention after 3000 cycles), and superior safety under extreme conditions (overheating, crushing, nail penetration, overcharge, and external short‐circuit). This work highlights oxygen vacancy modulation as an effective pathway for advancing polyanionic cathodes toward practical applications.
Effects of global versus local trunk muscle strength training on muscle strength, proxies of power and rowing-specific performance in pubertal male rowers
Strength training is fundamental during long-term athlete development to enhance strength and power supporting sport-specific performance. In rowing, trunk muscles stabilize the body and transmit forces between the lower and upper limbs. This study compared the effects of pre-season global (GST) versus local (LST) trunk strength training on muscle strength, power, and rowing-specific performance in young male rowers. Twenty-eight Tier 2 athletes aged 12–13 years (circa-PHV = 0.2–0.3) completed a 6-week program with two weekly sessions. GST involved machine-based and free-weight trunk exercises at 70% 1-RM, whereas LST emphasized body-weight trunk exercises on stable and unstable surfaces. Pre- and post-tests included lower- and upper-limb power, trunk strength, and a 700-m rowing ergometer test. Significant group-by-time interactions were found for all strength (d = 3.04–3.84; p < 0.001), power (d = 0.75–2.34; p < 0.01), and rowing performance outcomes (d = 1.61; p < 0.001). Post-hoc analyses indicated greater improvements in GST (d = 0.28–1.87; p < 0.001) than in LST (d = 0.11–0.73; p < 0.001). In conclusion, GST produced larger performance gains than LST. However, these effects likely reflect the combined influence of exercise modality and higher external loading intensity, rather than trunk muscle recruitment patterns alone. These findings should be interpreted with caution given that differences in external loading between conditions (70% 1-RM vs. athletes’ body mass) confound the comparison of GST versus LST modalities. Strength and conditioning specialists may consider incorporating GST to enhance foundational strength and power in pubertal male rowers, but further research controlling for training load is needed to isolate the effects of exercise modality.
Daily briefing: New AI drug-discovery engine is ‘on the scale of an AlphaFold4’
Aliphatic Ligand Design Principles for Rigid Pore‐Space‐Partitioned Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Gas Separation
Abstract Aliphatic ligands are often sidelined in the design of framework materials because their conformational flexibility can contribute to problems such as difficult crystallization, low porosity, and stability. Attempts to boost porosity by ligand elongation usually worsen these problems. Here we propose an expanded bioisosteric replacement (eBIS) concept capable of both scaling up and rigidifying aliphatic ligands. We demonstrate one example realized via linking two cyclohexyl rings in series, which restricts ligand flexibility through intramolecular non‐covalent interactions providing an alternative to the π‐conjugation‐based rigidity. The resulting ligand displays consistent rigidity across multiple MOF platforms. On the pacs platform, it can realize extreme pore geometry with the highest hexagonal c / a ratio and new metal‐cluster chemistry such as the first synthesis of nickel‐titanium oxocluster. It can boost the BET surface area to as high as 2810 m 2 g −1 , likely the highest among aliphatic‐dicarboxylate MOFs. Furthermore, it leads to possibly largest C 2 H 6 /C 2 H 4 uptake differences (88 cm 3 g −1 , uptake ratio of 1.83, 273 K) among rigid MOFs, a desired property for C 2 H 6 ‐selective separation, which is confirmed by breakthrough experiments. The remarkably low adsorption enthalpies for C 2 H 6 (14.7 kJ mol −1 ) and C 2 H 4 (15.1 kJ mol −1 ) enables low‐energy adsorbent regeneration benefitting practical separation.
Emotional intelligence leadership and career decision-making self-efficacy among college students in China: The mediating role of social support and proactive personality
Student leadership education is a significant component of global education that positively impacts college students’ employment. This study examined the relationship between emotional intelligence leadership and career decision-making self-efficacy, specifically investigating the mediating roles of social support and proactive personality. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 996 university students in China (314 males, 682 females, aged 18 to 23) using the Emotional Intelligence Leadership Scale, Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale, Social Support Scale, and Proactive Personality Scale. Structural equation modeling revealed that emotional intelligence leadership was significantly and positively correlated with career decision-making self-efficacy. Furthermore, social support and proactive personality mediated this relationship through three distinct pathways: independent mediation by social support, independent mediation by proactive personality, and a serial mediation involving both factors. These findings contribute to the understanding of how emotional intelligence leadership facilitates career development. Educational institutions are encouraged to enhance emotional intelligence leadership education and foster supportive social environments to bolster students’ career decision-making self-efficacy.