Browse Articles

Quantum feedback-enhanced discord in T-shaped plasmonic waveguides with embedded cavity

Identifying influential nodes through hierarchical k-shell and extended neighborhood integration

Visualizing and Understanding the Reaction‐Coupled Ion Grotthuss Transport in Single‐Crystal Organic Battery

Abstract Tracking dynamic ion diffusion in electrode materials has long posed a significant challenge in battery performance research. The development of facile visualization techniques to reveal ion transport dynamics enables more intuitive and in‐depth understanding of degradation mechanisms. In this study, we introduce an in situ optical electrochemical characterization method for organic single‐crystal electrode materials. By leveraging the electrochemical‐responsive optical properties of these materials, we successfully visualized the dynamic ion diffusion process within organic single‐crystal electrodes. Using this approach, we identified a reaction‐coupled ion diffusion mechanism governed by Fick's first law. Our results reveal strong crystal‐plane‐dependent diffusion characteristics and demonstrate that reaction‐induced conductivity enhancement is a key factor enabling high‐rate performance. Furthermore, the method vividly captures ion‐intercalation‐induced volume expansion and active material dissolution/shuttling phenomena. This methodology provides fundamental insights into the kinetic behavior and degradation mechanisms of organic electrode systems and demonstrates broad applicability to other material systems.

Extracting public opinion on typhoon disasters in China: a sina weibo case study of landfalling typhoon Muifa (2022)

Abstract This study investigates public opinion dynamics on Sina Weibo during Typhoon Muifa (2022), which made four landfalls in China. Using a dataset of 19,417 microblog posts, we employed Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling, sentiment analysis, and correlation statistics to characterize the evolution of public attention and discourse alongside the typhoon’s activity. Results identified four dominant discussion topic categories: typhoon impact, weather conditions, meteorological information, and disaster response. Personal accounts predominantly contributed to the first two categories, while official accounts dominated discussions on the latter two. A strong positive correlation emerged between daily total precipitation and the number of microblog counts (R 2  = 0.84, q < 0.001), which was particularly pronounced in forecasted landfall provinces Zhejiang, Shanghai, Shandong, and Liaoning (q < 0.05). Negative sentiment was highly correlated with rising precipitation, a trend largely driven by discussions within the typhoon impact topic category. Our findings underscore the potential of social media as a real-time indicator of localized public sentiment during disasters, with official risk narratives playing a key role in shaping attention. This study offers insights that may inform targeted risk communication and emergency management strategies.

Charge‐Regulated Pyridinic Nitrogen in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Metal‐Free Heterogeneous Photocatalytic C─H Arylation of Pyrroles

Abstract Conventional catalytic systems for the C─H arylation of pyrrole predominantly rely on noble metals or organic dyes, which suffer from inherent limitations such as low sustainability, challenging recyclability, and high cost. To address these challenges, this study develops a metal‐free photocatalytic strategy employing a designed covalent organic framework, N‐TFPPy‐BD‐COF, as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst with a precisely tailored electronic structure. Site‐specific nitrogen doping within the pyrene‐based scaffold enables fine‐tuning of the electronic landscape. Spectroscopic characterization and theoretical computations reveal that nitrogen doping facilitates spatial separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, suppresses recombination, thereby improves visible‐light absorption, prolongs charge‐carrier lifetimes, and enhances charge‐separation efficiency. Under visible‐light irradiation, the catalyst delivers outstanding performance in the arylation of pyrroles, affording a yield of 79% with 98% selectivity, surpassing those achieved by noble metal and organic dye‐based systems. Furthermore, N‐TFPPy‐BD‐COF exhibits remarkable stability as a heterogeneous catalyst, maintaining its structural integrity over ten consecutive catalytic cycles. This work not only presents a sustainable and efficient pathway for C─H arylation but also establishes a general strategy for the rational design of COF‐based photocatalysts through electronic structure engineering.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Brazilian physicians regarding abortion care: a nationwide cross-sectional study

Dual Regulation via Oxyphilic Dysprosium Doping: Stabilizing Oxide Support and Customizing Catalytic Pathway for Ampere‐Level Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution

Abstract Achieving robust stabilization of oxide supports under cathodic reduction conditions while enabling an efficient Volmer‐Tafel pathway for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is challenging. Herein, we report a Dy‐doped CuO supported Rh catalyst (Rh@Dy‐CuO), leveraging the oxyphilic Dy for dual regulation to enhance CuO stability and optimize the HER catalytic pathway. Dy incorporation strengthens the Cu‐O bond and mitigates electron aggregation at Cu sites, thereby maintaining the oxidized state of CuO during HER and facilitating efficient H 2 O dissociation to generate adsorbed hydrogen (*H). Concurrently, Dy doping suppresses charge accumulation at the Rh‐CuO interface, enabling seamless *H transfer from CuO to Rh sites. This leads to elevated *H coverage on Rh, promoting rapid *H‐*H coupling via an optimized Tafel step for hydrogen production. As a result, the Rh@Dy‐CuO catalyst delivers a mass activity of 648 mA mg Rh −1 at an overpotential of 100 mV, 46 times higher than that of Pt/C. When applied in an anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer, it delivers 1.91 V at 1.0 A cm −2 with 1000‐hour stability. This Dy‐driven dual regulation offers a novel approach to stabilizing oxide supports and tailoring HER pathways, advancing rare earth‐mediated electrocatalyst design.

Late evening room light and sleep restriction reduces the ability of bright morning light to phase advance adolescents’ circadian clocks

Bis‐NHC‐Diarylethene Palladium Complexes: Dynamic Behavior and Self‐Tuning Photoswitching

Abstract Light offers a unique means of controlling matter with high precision, yet the development of robust photoresponsive transition‐metal complexes remains a challenge. Here we report a self‐tuning photochromic system based on a diarylethene‐derived bis‐NHC‐palladium complex. The trans‐anti complex ( 1 oo ) undergoes efficient stepwise photocyclization as well as unprecedented light‐induced trans/cis isomerization at the metal center. Isolation and crystallographic characterization of the cis‐anti isomer ( 2 oo ) reveal a thermodynamically more stable structure with enhanced photochromic performance and reversible multistate switching. Thermal studies uncover interconversion with additional rotamer, establishing a dynamic equilibrium among several photoactive palladium species. Spectroscopic and computational investigations elucidate the electronic transitions that drive both diarylethene cyclization and Pd─NHC geometric rearrangements. We demonstrate that the catalytic activity in the Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling reaction can be reversibly switched by light, with the photocyclized catalyst forms showing negligible catalytic activity, while the open forms achieve high efficiency. This establishes a direct link between photoisomerization and predicted catalytic performance. Pre‐catalyst evolution demonstrates that the geometry of the complex controls the balance between nanoparticle‐mediated and homogeneous reactivity, delineating a novel strategy for adaptive catalysis.

Impact of trace metals in fish waste-based organic fertilizer on growth promotion and nutritional components of spinach plant (Spinacia oleracea L.)

Predictive, Data‐Driven Design of Red‐Light Photoredox Catalysts for C─Heteroatom Bond Formation

Abstract Photocatalysis is a powerful tool for the synthesis of organic molecules, yet its widespread application is hindered by the dependence on high‐energy light sources and expensive metal‐based catalysts, which can limit scalability and environmental sustainability. In this study, we present a modular design strategy for organic dyes engineered for efficient red‐light absorption, enabling photocatalytic reactions under low‐energy irradiation. Our findings establish a clear relationship between the oxidation potential of the photocatalyst and the nature of its donor moiety, as well as between the reduction potential and the electronic characteristics of its core structure. Moreover, we demonstrate that the E 0‐0 energy of a photocatalyst can be predicted via multivariate linear regression using the donor's oxidation potential and the core's reduction potential as descriptors. Utilizing this strategy, we synthesized red‐light‐absorbing photocatalysts that efficiently promote C─heteroatom cross‐coupling reactions under mild conditions. This approach overcomes the limitations of blue‐light photocatalysis by offering broad substrate compatibility, including π‐conjugated aryl bromides and photolabile functional groups, while minimizing undesirable hydrodehalogenation. By reducing reliance on precious metals and improving energy efficiency, our approach provides a scalable alternative to traditional photocatalysis and advances the development of metal‐free photocatalysts for sustainable chemistry.

Intelligent educational decision-making system driven by multimodal data fusion and knowledge graphs

Inside Back Cover: Molecular Cages as Probes in Indicator Displacement Assays: The Case of Scopolamine Detection (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 9/2026)

Size‐Dependent Structural Transitions Dictate Synergy and Function in Ni‐Ru Bimetallic Catalysts

Abstract Precise control over synergistic interactions is essential for the rational design of bimetallic catalysts, yet the governing role of metal particle size remains elusive. Here, we uncover a general size‐dependent principle that dictates structural and functional transitions in Ni‐Ru/CeO 2 catalysts during the co‐conversion of biomass and CO 2 . Atomically dispersed Ni and Ru sites on CeO 2 exhibit pronounced synergistic effects that markedly enhance CO 2 reforming of biomass, arising from the presence of independent metallic sites. In contrast, Ni nanoparticles with interspersed Ru form Ni‐Ru alloys that confer exceptional stability with only moderate activity loss. This size‐dependent structural transition induces a functional switch governing reaction pathway, coke deposition from encapsulated carbon to carbon nanotubes, and the trade‐off between catalytic activity and durability. These findings elucidate the mechanistic basis of size‐dependent interactions in Ni‐Ru bimetallic systems and guide the rational design of stable, high‐performance catalysts.

Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Glycopeptide Library Decodes Sialylation‐Dependent Immunodominance to Enable a Potent Multicomponent Antitumor Vaccine

Abstract Aberrant sialylation is a hallmark of tumor glycosylation that promotes malignant progression and immune evasion. While sialylated carbohydrates represent attractive targets for anticancer vaccines, structural and antigenic insights into glycopeptides are still hampered by limited access to well‐defined structures, rendering their immunogenicity unclear. Herein, we describe an efficient chemoenzymatic platform for facile synthesis of a glycopeptide library comprising 18 structures with diverse O ‐glycans at different glycosylation sites. Glycopeptide microarray‐based serological screening revealed a consistent preference of cancer patient sera for sialylated glycopeptides over their non‐sialylated counterparts. Motivated by this finding, we performed systematic immunological evaluations of sialylated and non‐sialylated glycopeptide‐tetanus toxoid (TT) conjugates, demonstrating that sialylated glycopeptide‐TT conjugates elicit stronger antibody responses, enhanced tumor cell recognition, and more potent tumor growth inhibition through synergistic activation of antigen‐presenting cells and T cell subsets. Furthermore, we developed a multicomponent cocktail vaccine by incorporating four sialylated glycopeptides, which elicited broader and more potent immune activation than single‐antigen formulations. Antisera from the cocktail vaccine exhibited strong binding to human tumor tissues, underscoring the clinical relevance of our findings. This work establishes sialylation as a key determinant of glycopeptide immunogenicity and provides a rational strategy for developing next‐generation glycopeptide‐based cancer vaccines.

Expediting Desolvation–Diffusion Kinetics by Self‐Cascade Catalysis for Durable Low‐Temperature Zinc Metal Batteries

Abstract Dendrite‐free Zn metal anodes with robust interface are highly desired for the practical application of aqueous zinc‐metal based batteries (AZMBs), while their stability is hindered by the untoward [Zn(H 2 O) 6 ] 2+ desolvation and succedent deposition with dissatisfactory kinetic barriers, especially under low‐temperature environment. Herein, a self‐cascade catalytic strategy on accelerating interfacial desolvation and optimizing diffusion is proposed by designing an atomically dispersed Bi within the deficient LaMnO 3.15 perovskite (SABi/U‐LMO) layer on Zn anode. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the d ‐band center and nonbonding state near the Fermi level of SABi/U‐LMO alleviate the corrosion of H 2 O and accelerate the dissociation of Zn 2+ ─H 2 O bond by promoting the rapid filling of the empty   4s orbital of the Zn 2+ , as revealed by electrochemical and spectroscopic results. Meanwhile, the redistribution of electric field with SABi/U‐LMO realizes the delocalization and lateral growth of Zn atoms. Consequently, the cells with SABi/U‐LMO render an impressive lifetime up to 5000 h at 1 mA cm −2 as well as a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.59% over 2000 cycles under 0 °C. Full cell also stabilizes the capacity retention of ∼100% after 900 cycles at 1 A g −1 under −20 °C, verifying the feasibility of self‐cascade catalysis in realizing high‐performance AZMBs.

A Value‐Added Solar‐Mediated Rechargeable Battery Integrating Efficient Photoelectrochemical Energy Storage with Sunlight‐Boosted Self‐Powered H ₂ O ₂ Production from Natural Seawater

Abstract Developing sustainable functional batteries capable of generating valuable chemicals during electricity storage/release represents challenging frontiers. Here, we present a new battery chemistry that enables the first value‐added solar‐mediated rechargeable seawater battery integrating photoelectrochemical energy storage with sunlight‐boosted self‐powered H 2 O 2 production from seawater without external power/O 2 supply. This system is enabled by rationally‐designed bifunctional S‐scheme heterojunction photocathodes (MP‐COP@TiO 2 ) comprising A3‐(D‐core) polymer (MP‐COP) encapsulated TiO 2 . A3‐(D‐core) topology induces favorable electronic modulation that optimizes oxygen specie adsorption and steering oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) toward one‐step 2e – pathway—while facilitating electronic coupling with oxygen evolution reaction (OER)‐active TiO 2 to establish S‐scheme charge transfer mechanism alongside strengthened built‐in electric field. These endow MP‐COP@TiO 2 with sunlight‐boosted 4e – OER for in situ O 2 ‐generation during photo‐charge and 2e – ORR for on‐site H 2 O 2 synthesis during photo‐discharge, establishing solar‐mediated self‐sustaining value‐added reaction cycles. Integrating MP‐COP@TiO 2 with sodium anodes and seawater creates previously‐unexplored functional battery, yielding remarkable H 2 O 2 yield of 5.47 mmol g −1  h −1 during photo‐discharge—9.4 times those in dark and exceeding most reported seawater systems while delivering near‐zero charge/discharge voltage gap under illumination. Mechanistic studies reveal promoting effect of A3‐(D‐core) modulation and its synergistic role with S‐scheme charge transfer that promotes Yeager‐type O 2 adsorption and facilitates one‐step 2e – ORR toward H 2 O 2 .

Continuous‐Flow Modular Reactor with a Chiral Microenvironment Enhances the Biocatalytic Synthesis of Norepinephrine

Abstract Chirality lies at the core of pharmaceutical molecular design. Multi‐enzyme cascade catalysis offers high stereoselectivity for constructing such molecules. Here, we present a continuous‐flow modular reactor engineered with a chiral microenvironment for the biocatalytic synthesis of norepinephrine. This system incorporates two functional modules: a chiral catalytic reactor, designed to enhance the C β stereoselectivity of L‐threonine aldolase (L‐TA), and a decarboxylation reactor to balance catalytic rates. Modifying the microenvironment surrounding L‐TA significantly enhanced its stereoselectivity, with 4.1 times increased the de value (from 18.4% to 75.01%). Seen from molecular dynamics simulations, these modifications reshaped the spatial conformation of the enzyme's active site. Moreover, at an optimal column height ratio of 3:5 between the chiral and decarboxylation modules, norepinephrine yield reached 3.07 g/L. This modular reactor strategy, enhanced by a tailored chiral microenvironment, offers substantial promise for the stereoselective synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates.

Covalent Organic Framework and Composite as Photocatalysts Toward Sustainable CO ₂ Reduction

Abstract The intensifying climate emergency compels a rapid paradigm shift from fossil fuel‐based energy systems toward sustainable, carbon‐neutral alternatives. Among emerging strategies, the photocatalytic valorization of CO 2 into energy‐dense fuels and commodity chemicals by suitable photocatalysts presents a straightforward and economically viable solution for both greenhouse gas mitigation and renewable energy storage. In this context, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a highly promising class of crystalline, porous semiconductor photocatalysts for CO 2 reduction reactions (CO 2 RR), owing to their structural regularity, modularity, and optoelectronic tunability. In this review, we comprehensively outline the recent progress in three distinct categories of COF‐based photocatalytic systems: metal‐free COFs, single‐metal‐atom based COFs, and COF‐based composites. Key strategies such as the judicious incorporation of donor–acceptor architectures, rational post‐synthetic functionalization, and heterojunction engineering are discussed. Insights from in situ operando characterization and theoretical calculations are also presented to highlight the roles of exciton dynamics, charge separation, active site engineering, and structure–function relationship in CO 2 RR. Finally, we propose future research directions for better utilization of COFs in solar fuel/chemical generation. Overall, this review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion on the advancement of COF‐based photocatalysts and next‐generation CO 2 valorization materials.

Synergy‐Driven Electrolyte Design: Fluoroethylene Carbonate and Succinonitrile Co‐Solvation in a Eutectic Electrolyte for Stable Sodium Metal Batteries

Abstract Sodium metal batteries (SMBs) are promising alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries due to their high energy density and abundant sodium resources. However, high reactivity of sodium metal anodes (SMAs) presents significant challenges for practical application. Herein, we report a multifunctional ternary eutectic electrolyte, termed NSF‐5, comprising sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaFSI), succinonitrile (SN), and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) in a 1:1:5 molar ratio, which enhances the cycling stability of SMAs. Combined experimental and computational studies confirm a synergistic effect between FEC and SN, where FEC integrates into the Na + solvation sheath, regulates the desolvation process, and promotes the formation of a robust, inorganic‐rich solid electrolyte interphase, thereby suppressing sodium dendrite growth. Consequently, SMBs with NSF‐5 demonstrate desirable cyclability under demanding conditions. Full cells coupled with Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 achieve over 1650 cycles with 90.5% capacity retention at 0.5 C and 3715 cycles with 80.2% retention at 10 C. Even at 0 °C, the cell maintains 87.9 mAh g ‒1 capacity after 3500 cycles with 81.4% retention. Moreover, this versatile electrolyte formulation can be adapted to other alkali metal battery systems, underscoring its broad applicability. This work highlights the importance of electrolyte engineering in regulating the electrode−electrolyte interphase, offering valuable insights into achieving long‐term cyclability of SMBs.